Ukudubula okusebenzayo yigama eliguqula izithombe zabantu abashaya izibhamu abahamba ngezikole noma emahhovisi, bedubula ababukeli abangenacala abangenacala. Kungasho nokuthi noma yikuphi abahlaseli noma ngisho namaqembu amaphekula asebenza ndawonye ukuhlasela imibuthano yabantu ezindaweni zomphakathi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sikhuluma ngomdlali oyedwa oyedwa noma iqembu, leli gama lifanayo.
Ukulungele ukudubula okusebenzayo ngokuvamile kugxile kulokho okufanele ukwenze uma kwenzeka uzithola kuleso simo. UMnyango Wezokuphepha Komhlaba useluleka ukuba senze enye yezinto ezintathu uma sibhekene nesibhamu:
- Qalisa . Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlala iphephile ngesikhathi sesigameko sokudubula esisebenzayo ukungahlali esihlakalweni sokudubula esisebenzayo nhlobo. Phuma futhi uhambe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Fihla . Uma ungakwazi ukugijima, fihla. Thula futhi ungaboni, mhlawumbe ngemuva komnyango ovaliwe. Silula ifoni yakho.
- Ukulwa . Okokugcina, uma ungenayo enye indlela, khetha emuva. Thuthukisa izikhali futhi uzibophele ezenzweni zakho ngoba impilo yakho ixhomeke kuyo.
Shayela u-911 futhi ulindele ukuba umsolwa lapho amaphoyisa efika. Abazi ukuthi ubani, ngakho-ke lapho befika khona, bazoqaphela wonke umuntu. Landela imiyalo yabo futhi ube nesineke.
Ezimweni eziningi, i-how-to's ingabandakanyi ukuthi yenzeni ukulimala. Ukulimala okuvela ezenzakalweni zokudubula-kanye nokulimala okuvela emadivayisini okuqhuma-landela amaphethini ajwayelekile, ikakhulukazi avamile ama-projectiles nama-puncture.
I-Tourniquets
Ukuvakasha kwakunakekwa kakhulu ngumphakathi wokusiza wokuqala. Kwaphela isikhathi eside kakhulu, thina (mina ngahlanganisa) bakholelwa ukuthi izivakashi zazikhathazeka kakhulu kunokuba zifanele. Kwacatshangwa ukuthi izivakashi zingasindisa izimpilo, kodwa zingabangela ukulahlekelwa isilwane uma kusetshenziswa.
Nasi umqondo: izivakashi zisebenza ngokungahambisani kwegazi egazini nasendleleni ethintekayo. Ukweqa ukuyeka, kodwa futhi ukugeleza kwezakhi kanye ne-oksijini kuyo yonke ingxenye yelungu. Uma isiguli singelashwa ngokushesha, kwakukholelwa ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kwegazi kuya engxenyeni engavinjelwe yophiko kungaholela ekufakeni izicubu.
Into ewukuthi, kwakungekho ngempela isisekelo salowo hlobo lokucabanga. Njengoba kuvela (akukho pun okuhlosiwe) izivakashi zisetshenziselwe amakhulu eminyaka ngaphandle kwemiphumela ebuhlungu. Umqondo wokulimala kwaholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezivakashi ngaphandle kwezempi.
Ukucwaninga kangcono phakathi nezingxabano zase-Iraq nase-Afghanistan kwasiza ukuvuselela idumela lezivakashi futhi manje zibalulekile kunoma iyiphi i-kit yokusiza lokuqala.
Sebenzisa ama-tourniquets uma ukuphuma kwegazi kunzima noma kukhona umonakalo omkhulu emlenzeni noma emlenzeni ukuthi ukugqoka ukucindezela akukwazi ukumboza. Umonakalo omkhulu uzofaka amputations. Iqhinga lokulungisa ukusebenza kwe-tourniquet ukukwenza kube lukhuni kakhulu. I-tourniquet esetshenzisiwe kahle ayitholakali isiguli, abanye bangasho ngisho nobuhlungu.
Ukucindezela ukugqoka
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokufunda indlela yokusebenzisa ukugqoka ukucindezela ukukwenza. Thenga ezimbili futhi uvule ukuze usebenzise nalo. Enye yezinto eziwusizo kakhulu yi-bandage yakwa-Israyeli, ene-lever eqhuma ekilweni ukuze ibambe ukucindezela. I-bandage yakwa-Israyeli ingasetshenziswa ngokushesha ngokuzijwayeza, kodwa kulula ukuphazamisa uma ungazange wenze izikhathi ezimbalwa.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi uzobe uhlaselwa yi-adrenalin uma sekuyisikhathi sokusebenzisa izinto ezenzweni zakho zokuqala zokusiza. Ukuzikhandla kuyindlela kuphela yokuqinisekisa ukuphumelela lapho izandla zakho zithuthumela futhi unenkinga yokugxila.
Ngokungafani nama-tourniquets, ukugqoka ukucindezela akukaze kube nohlobo olufanayo lwedumela elibi. Lokho kusho ukuthi ukucindezela ukugqoka kunzima kakhulu ukusebenzisa kahle. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokucindezela kwangaphandle nangaphakathi kwangaphakathi nokugqoka kanye nama-hemostatic agents abasiza igazi ukugcoba.
Akuwona umqondo omubi ukuba nezinketho ezimbalwa zezingxube zokucindezela esitokisini sakho sokusiza. Ama-Bandages afika nama-hemostatic agents ayenhle kakhulu ukupakisha amanxeba. Ama-bandages azinamathele wona ngaphandle kokunamathela esikhumbeni amnandi iziguli ezigugile.
Amacilongo esiKhotho
Amabhuloho nezindiza ezindizayo eziqhuma izibhamu zingafaka izimbobo cishe noma yini. Noma yikuphi umgodi emzimbeni ongafanele ube khona uzophuma. Isikhumba kanye nezicubu zomzimba yiziqukathi zegazi nomzimba wamanzi. Gcoba umgodi esitsheni bese umfutho ugobhoza.
Izibopho esifubeni, kuhlanganise ne-back back, hhayi kuphela igazi elivuza kodwa futhi kuvumela umoya ukuvuza futhi ngaphandle. Kuyinkinga enjalo evamile ukuthi izimbobo ezifubeni zibhekwa njengokuncelisa amanxeba esifubeni . Akudingekile ukuba uzwe noma ubone ukunyakaza kwe-air. Ngokuvame kakhulu kakhulu.
Uma ishiywe ingalashwa, ukuphuza amanxeba esifubeni kungaholela emaphashini awile, isimo esaziwa njenge- pneumothorax . Umoya uboshelwe phakathi kwendonga yesifuba namaphaphu, uphonsa emaphashini bese ubangela ukuba kubonakale "kuhlaselwa" ku-x ray.
Indlela yokulwa nesilonda esifuba esifubeni ukuwufaka uphawu . Ukuyeka ukunyakaza kwenhliziyo kuzogcina i-pneumothorax ekuthuthukisweni. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukumboza isilonda sesifuba kungabangela umoya ukuba uboshwe esifubeni kusukela ekuvuza emaphashini. Kunengqondo ukuthi inhlamvu ehamba ngokushesha ngokwanele ukufaka imbobo emisipha enzima yesifuba yayizofaka imbobo ezakhiweni zamaphaphu.
Njengoba umoya ungase uphume emaphashini futhi ungene ngaphakathi emgodini esifubeni, ezinye izibopho zesifuba ziza ne-vent. I-vent ivumela umoya ukuba ubalekele kodwa ugcine umoya ungangeni ngesilonda. Ukuvuthwa kuyinto enhle kakhulu, kodwa akudingekile-ikakhulukazi uma isiguli sithola usizo ngesikhathi esifushane. Iningi lokulimala komphakathi lizokwelashwa ngokushesha kakhulu kunabalingani babo bezempi.
Ngokuqeqeshwa okuncane nokuqonda ukuthi izikhonkwane zesifuba zisebenza kanjani, lokhu kuyisici esisodwa esingasetshenziselwa kalula ngokusebenzisa ukufaka impahla yokubopha oyinyumba kakade esitokisini sakho sokuqala. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyayithuthukisa noma usebenzise uphawu lokuhweba, funda ukuthi ungayenza kanjani ngaphambi kokuba udinga.
> Imithombo:
> Ukulungelelwa kwe-Shooter Active | Ukuphepha kwezwe. Ukulungiswa Okusebenzayo Kokudubula | Ukuphepha kwezwe . (2016). Dhs.gov .
> Butler FK, Dubose JJ, et al. Ukuphathwa kwe-Pneumothorax evulekile ekunakekelweni kokuhlukumezeka kokulwa nokulwa nokulwa: Izikhombandlela ze-TCCC zishintsha 13-02. J Spec Oper Med . 2013 Fall; 13 (3): 81-6.
> Edwards S, Smith J. Advances ekuvuseleleni amasosha. Emerg Umhlengikazi . 2016 Okthoba 6; 24 (6): 25-29.
Usizo Lokuqala Lokulimala Okusebenzayo Kokudubula
Uma ukudubula sekumile, kungase kube yisikhathi eside ukulinda ngaphambi kokuba kufike usizo. Kungakapheli sikhathi ukuthi kufanele unqume ukuthi uzoba ummeli noma umphenduli osheshayo . Ingabe uya nje ukuma noma wenze okuthile? Ukukhetha lokho kuba lula uma uhlele kusengaphambili lokho okufanele ukwenze.
Okokuqala, funda usizo lokuqala . Akukho lutho olufana nokuqeqesha okufanele ukukulungisela okungalindelekile.
Okwesibili, thola isitifiketi sokusiza sokuqala esihle. Ikati elilungile ngokuvamile liyatholakala kakade lakhiwe, kodwa ungayakha futhi kusukela ekuqaleni. Noma ngabe yikuphi, kukhona izinto ozidingayo kuthegi yakho ukuze ulungiselele isimo sokudubula esisebenzayo esingenakudingekile kunoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lwekithi lokuqala lokusiza.
Ngezansi uhlu lwezinto eziqondene nezigameko ezisebenza ngokudubula kanye nezingxoxo ngohlobo ngalunye. Lezi zinto zibalulekile kunoma iyiphi i-kit yokuqala yokusiza ehhovisi, esikoleni, noma ku-kit siqu. Inzuzo yokuthi zonke lezi zinto zihlangene ziwukuthi zingasetshenziswa bese zivumela umhlengikazi ukuba angene ngezandla. Ngaleyo ndlela, umsindisi angasiza ukuhambisa isiguli noma ngisho nokulwa nomshayeli uma kudingeka.