"Ama-Hands-Only" I-CPR Kunconywe Ukuboshwa Kwe-Cardiac
Ukuvuselelwa kwe-Cardiopulmonary (CPR) ingenye yezisekelo zokwelashwa eziphuthumayo. Ukuqeqeshwa okudingekayo cishe bonke abahlinzeki bezokwelapha eziphuthumayo e-US futhi kufundiswa kabanzi emphakathini njengengxenye yemfundo yesibili.
Kusukela ngo-2017, eqinisweni, wonke ama-12 ase-United States (Alaska, California, Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, Kansas, Nebraska, New Hampshire, Maine, Massachusetts, Montana naseWyoming) adinga ukuthi abafundi bafundiswe iCPR ngaphambi kokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme.
Uma kwenziwa kahle, i-CPR ingaba kabili noma kathathu ithuba lomuntu lokusinda, ngokusho kwezibalo ezivela ku-American Heart Association (AHA). Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, isici esisodwa seCPR, esaziwa ngokuthi ukuphefumula (noma ukuvuselela ngomlomo ), sishiswe yilabo abakholelwa ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi kungenza okubi kakhulu kunokuhle.
Ingemuva
Kusukela isingeniso salo ema-1960, i-CPR isiye yaba nenqwaba yezifo . Namuhla, iningi labantu lihlobanisa nemikhuba emibili-ukucindezeleka ngomlomo nomlomo nokucindezeleka kwesifuba-okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi eyenziwa ngokubambisana nabantu abaneziboshwa zenhliziyo .
Kule mikhuba emibili, ukuvuselelwa komlomo ngomlomo kuqale kuqala. Kwakuyindlela ejwayelekile yokuvuselela izisulu zokucwiliswa kahle ngaphambi kokufika kwe-CPR futhi ilokhu iyingxenye ebalulekile yomkhuba kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.
Kodwa-ke, ukuhlanganiswa kwalaba ababili akuzange kube nezinselelo zayo kokubili ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani nokuthi zisebenza kanjani ekuthuthukiseni ukusinda.
Izimo ezinzima zokuqeqeshwa kweCPR
Enye yezingqinamba ezinkulu ekufundiseni i-CPR ukuthola isilinganiso senkululeko sokuphefumula ukucindezela esifubeni kwesokudla. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulu uma umuntu oyedwa enza imisebenzi yombili. Kudinga ukuthi umuntu angenzi nje kuphela kodwa akhumbule isinyathelo ngasinye senqubo ngendlela efanele ukufeza imiphumela emihle kakhulu.
Ngaphambi kokwethulwa kweziqondiso ezintsha , izinyathelo ezilandelayo zizocelwa umkhululi:
- Thola ukuthi isisulu siphefumula.
- Hlola i-pulse ukuze ubone ukuthi inhliziyo ibetha.
- Sula umlomo wesisulu nganoma yisiphi isithiyo.
- Nika ukuhlukunyezwa kwezifuba ezingu-15 zesifuba.
- Gcoba amacilongo omuntu oyisisulu bese unikeza ukuphefumula kokubili.
- Ukuqhubeka nokunikeza ukucindezeleka kwesifuba esingu-15 okulandelwa ukuphefumula kokubili ukusiza kuze kufike usizo oluphuthumayo.
Zonke lezi zinyathelo ezihlanganisiwe zenziwe i-CPR enzima ukuyikhumbula ezimweni ezicindezelayo. Ngisho nabahlengikazi ababili, ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuthatha ukuthatha impumputhe , kuphi ukucindezela isifuba, noma ukunikeza umlomo-ngomlomo kungaba inselele futhi kwandise ingozi jikelele yephutha.
Ucwaningo Luholela Ekushintsheni Kwezinkombandlela
Ngenxa yobufakazi obukhulayo ekusekeleni ukucindezelwa kwesifuba, iKomiti ye-AHA ye-Emergency Care Cardiac yenza izinguquko ezinkulu emithethweni ye-CPR ngo-2005. Phakathi kwabo, ikomidi lalincoma ukuthi kube nokucindezelwa okwengeziwe phakathi kokuphefumula futhi bexwayise ukuthi abahlengikazi abangekho bahlola ngenxa ye-pulp ngaphambi kokuqala i-CPR.
Izinguquko ekuqaleni zahlangana nokugxekwa okunzima ngabaningi ezinsizakalweni zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo (EMS) ababheke phakathi komlomo nomlomo phakathi komkhuba weCPR.
Ngisho nama-defibrillators kagesi anikezwe indima encane emibhalweni njengoba ukucindezela kwesifuba kuthatha isikhungo sokuqala njengoba inqubo ingase isindise izimpilo.
Naphezu kokukhala kokuqala, izincomo ze-AHA zisekelwa izifundo eziningi ezibonisa ukuthi ukucindezelwa kwesifuba okwenziwa yedwa kwandisa ithuba lomuntu lokusinda uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlanganisa ukucindezela nokuphefumula.
Ngo-2010, ukuhlolwa okungahleliwe okubizwa ngokuthi i-Dispatcher-Assisted Resuscitation Trial (DART) kuqhathanisa imikhuba emibili emazweni akwa-EMS e-Washington state naseLondon. Lokho abacwaningi abathola ukuthi, ezimweni lapho ummeli enza khona i-CPR, izisulu ezanikezwa ukucindezeleka kwesifuba zodwa zathola ithuba elingaphezulu kwamaphesenti angu-39 lokuphila uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abanikezwa kokubili ukucindezela nokukhuluma ngomlomo.
Lokhu kanye nezinye izifundo ziphelile ngokuthi izinzuzo zokukhuluma ngomlomo ezindaweni eziphuthumayo eziqhubekayo zihlala zingabaza kahle.
Izinkombandlela zamanje
Nakuba ubufakazi abuqedi ngokuphelele ukubaluleka kwe-CPR yendabuko (noma kumisa ukufundisa kwawo ezikoleni zomphakathi), ifomu eliguquliwe le-CPR lisuselwe ekusunguleni inqubo.
Ebanjwe njenge -CPR ngezandla kuphela , umkhuba obuyekeziwe uhlose ukunikeza ithemba elikhulu kubantu abadinga ukwenza imizamo yokulondoloza impilo kubantu abanenhliziyo yokuboshwa. Inqubo elula ihilela izinyathelo ezimbili kuphela:
- Shayela u-911 uma ingane noma umuntu omdala ewa ngokuzumayo.
- Gwema kanzima futhi ngokusheshisa phakathi kwesifuba kuze kushaywe ingoma enezintambo ezingu-100 kuya kwezingu-120 ngomzuzu, njengokuthi "Ukuhlala Uphila" yi-Bee Gees, "U-Crazy In Love" ngu-Beyoncé, noma "Hamba Ulayini" nguJohnny Cash.
Ngokugcina umkhuba olula, amathuba okuphutha ayancipha ngaphandle kokunciphisa ithuba lomuntu lokusinda.
Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi i-AHA isaqhubeka ikhuthaza i-CPR yendabuko yezingane nezinsana kanye nezisulu zokugwinya, ukudlula izidakamizwa, noma abantu abaye bawa ngenxa yezinkinga zokuphefumula.
> Imithombo:
> American Heart Association (AHA). "Ishidi Lamaqiniso E-CPR Ye-2017 kuphela." I-Dallas, eTexas; ikhishwe ngo-Okthoba 2017.
> AHA. "I-CPR e-School Legislation Map." Kubuyekezwe ngo-Februwari 20, 2017.
> Rea, T., Fahrenbruch, C., Culley, L et al. "I-CPR ne-Chest Compression Alone noma nge-Rescue Breathing." N Engl J. Med . 2010; 363: 423-33. I-DOI: 10.1056 / NEJMoa0908993.