Ngokuningiliziwe kokuhlinzwa
Ukwelashwa yindlela yokuhlinzeka ngemithi ngokuvula emzimbeni. Ngokwesiko, lokhu kuye kwasho ukwenza ukukhwabanisa nokwenza inqubo, noma ukuhlola ingxenye ethintekile yomzimba, ngaleyo ndlela. Ukuhlinzwa kuye kwashintsha kakhulu emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, ngakho-ke ukuhlinzwa okungasadingeki ukuba kwenziwe, kanti leyo nqubekela phambili ephuthumayo ingashiya iziguli zizizwe zididekile ngolwazi olusha nolunamandla olutholakala.
Uma utshelwe ukuthi udinga ukuhlinzwa, noma ukuthi kufanele ucabange ukuthi ube nokuhlinzwa, cishe unemibuzo eminingi futhi ungase ukhathazeke ngisho nenqubo. Nakuba ukuhlela ukuhlinzeka kungabangela ukucindezeleka futhi kube nzima ngezikhathi ezithile, iqiniso lokuthi abantu baseMelika abangaphezu kwesigidi banezinqubo zokuhlinzwa eziphumelelayo isonto ngalinye, kanti ngenkathi uhlela ukuhlinzwa kungase kuphazamise, ngokuvamile kuyisinyathelo sokuya empilweni nempilo engcono.
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I-Asymmetry yomzimba: Kungani Kunesandla Esinye Noma Isibeletho Esikhulu?
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Sibutsetelo Ukuhlinzwa Okwehlukaniswa KwamaTwin Two
Imigomo Yokuhlinzwa Evame Ukusetshenziswa
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuhlela ukuhlinzeka kwakho, kufanele ujwayelane nesinye isikhathi sokuqala sokuhlinzwa ukuze ukwazi ukuqonda kangcono uhlelo lwenqubo yakho. Nanka amanye amagama asetshenziswa njalo lapho kuhlinzekwa ukuhlinzwa:
Ukwelashwa Iziguli: Le nqubo eyenziwa esibhedlela ngokulindela ukuthi isiguli sizohlala ubusuku okungenani usuku olulodwa.
Ukuphulukiswa kwezidakamizwa noma ukuhlinzwa kwezinsuku ezifanayo: Inqubo eyenziwa esibhedlela noma esikhungweni sokuhlinzeka ngokulindela ukuthi isiguli siyobuyela ekhaya ngemva kokuvuka ngokuphelele ku-anesthesia.
Ukuhlinzwa Okuncane (Laparoscopic): Lokhu kuyindlela entsha yokuhlinzekwa lapho kwenziwa khona ukucubungula okuncane okuncane, kunendlela yokuhlinzwa yendabuko lapho kusetshenziswe khona ukucubungula okude eside. Lolu hlobo lokuhlinzeka ngokuvamile ludinga isikhathi esincane sokutakula kunenqubo efanayo ngokusebenzisa ukucubungula okukhulu.
Ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile / kwendabuko: Indlela yendabuko yokusebenzisa ukukhipha okukodwa, okugcwele ubude ukwenza inqubo.
Ukwelashwa kwe-robotic: I- robot isetshenziselwa ukuhlinzwa , nodokotela ohlinzayo oqondisa "izandla" zebhobhothi. Le nqubo isetshenziswe kaningi uma ngisho nokunyakaza okuncane kwesandla kungashintsha umphumela wenqubo, njengoba "isandla" salobo robot sinamandla kunesandla somuntu.
Ukuhlinzwa Okukhethwayo: Lokhu kungukuhlinzwa okungadingeki ukwelashwa. Ukuhlinzwa okukhethwayo kwenziwa ngokuzikhethela futhi kungase kube ukuzithokozisa, noma ukuthuthukisa impilo kodwa akudingeki neze.
Isinqumo Sokuhlinzwa
Uma ucabanga ngokuhlinzwa, wena noma umuntu omthandayo angase abe nesidingo sezokwelapha ngenqubo, noma ungase unganeliseki ngokubukeka kwakho.
Ungase ubuzwe ubuhlungu obukhululeka ngenqubo, noma impilo yakho ingenziwa isikhathi eside ngokungenela okuhlinzekwayo. Lezi zizathu, nokunye okuningi, zihola abantu ukuba bahlinzwe nsuku zonke.
Kuziguli ezingaqiniseki ukuthi zifuna ukuhlinzwa, umbono wesibili uyinto enhle kakhulu. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthi kuhilele ukukhuluma nodokotela ohlinzayo wesibili ukuze abone ukuthi yini ayincoma njengokwelashwa. Kungase kubonakale kungenangqondo ukubona udokotela ohlinzayo mayelana nokungahlinzeki, kodwa kumuntu ofuna ukugwema ukuhlinzeka ngazo zonke izindleko, ukukhuluma nodokotela ohlinzayo kungase kube ngaphezulu ngokuhlola izindlela ngaphandle kokuhlela inqubo. Izindaba ezinhle zeziguli zokuhlinzwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zifuna ukuhlinzwa noma zikhetha okunye, yilowoM Medicare, Medicaid, kanye nezinhlelo eziningi zomshuwalense ezizokhokhela umbono wesibili.
Kulezi ziguli ezingafuni ngempela ukuhlinzwa, ukuthi cha akufanele ngempela. Kunezikhathi lapho inqubo ingase ibe nezinzuzo, kepha isiguli asifuni ukuhamba ngenqubo ngezizathu zakhe siqu.
Ukuthi cha ukuhlinzekwa yiwona wonke umuntu ogulayo, futhi uma kungaholela ekungqubuzaneni nomndeni nabangane, isinqumo singokweziguli ekugcineni.
Kwabanye, ukuthatha indlela encane engavumelani kungase kukhethwe. Iziguli eziningi zibheke ukuhlinza njengendlela yokugcina, kunokuba zikhethe ukwelashwa kokuqala. Kulezi ziguli, ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, imithi, izinguquko zokuphila, nezinye izinhlobo zokungenelela kungase kube ngcono.
I-Phases of Surgery
Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuhlaselwa zibe yizigaba ezisiza iqembu ukuthi lisebenze okudingeka ligcwaliswe ngesikhathi esinikeziwe. Kunezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- I-Preoperative yisigaba esiqala ngokucabangela ukuhlinzwa futhi sigcine kuze kube inqubo.
- Isigaba sokusebenza yilona inqubo ngokwalo, ukungena ekamelweni lokusebenza kuze kube yilapho ushiya khona.
- Isigaba se- postoperative siqala lapho ukuhlinzwa sekuphelile futhi ukuqala kabusha kuqala.
Igama elithi perioperative libhekisela kulo lonke ulwazi lokuhlinzeka futhi luhlanganisa zonke izigaba ezintathu.
I-Preoperative Phase: Ngaphambi Kokuhlinzwa
Isigaba sokuqala, noma isikhathi ngaphambi kwenqubo yakho, kuyithuba lakho elihle lokuhlela nokulungiselela ukuba nomphumela ongcono kakhulu kusuka ekuhlinzekeni kwakho.
Lesi yisikhathi lapho uchitha isikhathi ucwaninga udokotela ohlinzayo kangcono ngesimo sakho, uqiniseke ukuthi ukhethe udokotela okwazi ukwenza kahle ukuhlinzwa kwakho.
Uzohlangana nomhlinzeki wakho wokuhlinza nomhlinzeki we-anesthesia . Kulapho uzonikezwa ithuba lokubuza imibuzo oyidingayo ukuze uphendule ngemuva kokufunda ngezingozi zokuhlinzwa . Ungakwazi ukuxoxa ngohlobo lwe-anesthesia ozoyithola, izingozi zaloo-anesthesia , ozokuhlinzeka, lapho ukuhlinzwa kuzokwenziwa khona, nokuthi yini ongayilindela ukuba nakho ngesikhathi sokuthola kwakho. Lokhu futhi lapho uzohlola ezinye izindlela zokuhlinza futhi unqume ukuthi ukuhlinzeka kuyisinqumo esifanele kuwe.
Kuzodingeka futhi uthathe isikhathi sokulungiselela imali ngenqubo yakho, uqiniseke ukuthi wenza okungcono kakhulu umshuwalense wakho, ulungiselela ikhefu emsebenzini, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi usulungele ukuthatha isikhathi kude nomsebenzi noma ngaphandle kokukhokha . Ungasebenza nesibhedlela noma isikhungo sokuhlinzekwa ukucacisa izindleko ezilindelekile zenqubo , uqinisekise ukuthi kufaka phakathi noma yiziphi izindleko ezifihliwe ezingahle zingeniswe esibhalweni sokuqala-njenge-anesthesia-zicatshangelwa. Umshwalense wakho ungakhokha iphesenti ephakeme yesikweletu esikhungweni esisodwa futhi esingaphansi kwesinye; unganqikazi ukubiza umhlinzeki wakho womshuwalense bese ubuza mayelana namaphesenti amazinga wokufaka. Uma ungenayo umshuwalense , kuzodingeka usebenze eduze nesibhedlela kanye nodokotela ohlinzayo ukuze wenze amalungiselelo wezezimali.
Kwabanye, ukuhlinzwa kungadinga ukulungiswa ngokomzwelo. Ezinye iziguli azidingi ukuthuthukisa amakhono okubhekana nokubhekana nezidingo zokuhlinzwa, kodwa abanye kudingeka basebenze ukulungele ngokwabo ukuhlinzwa ngokwabo, kanye nesigaba sokutakula. Izingane zivame ukudinga usizo olulungiselela ukuhlinzeka ngendlela engaholele ukwesaba nokukhathazeka, futhi lokho kufanele iminyaka yabo kanye nekhono lokuqonda ulwazi lwezempilo.
Ngaphandle kokukhetha udokotela ohlinzayo ofanele, ukulungiselela umzimba kungaba yinto ebaluleke kunazo zonke isiguli sokuhlinzwa esingasenza ukuze sithinte indlela okuphumelelayo ngayo ukuhlinzwa nokuthi isigaba sokutakula siphume kanjani ngokushesha. Lokhu kusho ukuthuthukisa impilo yakho nganoma iyiphi indlela. Ukuyeka ukubhema ukwenza umsebenzi wokuzivocavoca nokuthuthukisa ukulawulwa kwesifo sikashukela , ukuya ekuhlinzekeni njengendlela enempilo ngangokunokwenzeka kungasho ukuhlala isikhathi esifushane esibhedlela, impumelelo engcono yesikhathi eside, nokubuyela ngokushesha kumsebenzi wesikhashana.
Lesi yisikhathi futhi sokulungiselela ikhaya lokubuya kusuka ekuhlinzekeni. Lokhu kungase kungabi ukukhathazeka ngabanye abanenkambiso encane yokuphulukisa iziguli, kodwa kubantu abazoshiya ngezintambo noma bechitha izinsuku ezimbalwa esibhedlela, behlela ukubuyisela ekhaya ngaphambi kokuba inqubo izobe ilulame kakhulu. Ukuhlela kwakho kuzoba okuhlukile kuzidingo zakho. Kwabanye, kusho ukuthola inja yezinja; kwabanye abanemikhawulo yokuphakamisa, kuyosho ukuthi bathole othile ozowasiza ukuba athathe izinto; othile onomkhawulo wokushayela uzodinga usizo olusebenzayo.
Isigaba sokusebenza: Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa
Le ngxenye yokuhlinzwa iphathelene ne- anesthesia kanye nenqubo yokuhlinzeka yangempela. Lesi sigaba siqala uma ungena ekamelweni lokusebenza futhi uphela lapho inqubo isuqedile futhi i-anesthesia ivaliwe. Ukuhlela kwakho kuzokhokha esigabeni sokusebenza lapho udokotela ohlinzayo onguchwepheshe ekuhlinzekeni ukunakekelwa okudingayo futhi umhlinzeki we-anesthesia oqonda izidingo zakho eziyingqayizivele enze inqubo yakho.
I-Postoperative Phase: Ngemva kokuhlinzwa
Lesi sigaba siqala lapho inqubo yakho iphela. Uyothunyelwa endaweni yendawo lapho uzothola khona ukuhlinzwa, lapho abaningi bemangala ukuthola ukuthi inqubo iphelile. Lesi sigaba siyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho usuzuzile ngangokunokwenzeka kusuka ekuhlinzekeni. Kwabanye lokho kusho ukubuyela ekhaya nokuphumula; kwabanye, ukuvuselelwa ngendlela yokwelapha ngokomzimba kanye nokwelashwa komsebenzi kungadingeka.
Ukukhathazeka okukhulu iziguli eziningi eziveza ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzeka ukwesaba ukuzwa ubuhlungu obukhulu ngemva kwenqubo. Ukuphathwa kobuhlungu kuvame ukuphathwa ngudokotela ohlinzayo, kanti ngenkathi ubuhlungu buvame ukuvela ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, kunezindlela eziningi zokubhekana nazo, ukuvimbela, nokuphatha ubuhlungu obungathuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo isipiliyoni sakho. Ngokuvamile ubuhlungu bokuhlinzwa bulawulwa udokotela ohlinzayo, ozohlinzeka ngemigomo (uma kunesidingo) nezincomo zokukhululeka kobuhlungu lapho isiguli sisekhishwa.
Ubuhlungu buyinto ekhohlisayo, futhi ukuphumula okwanele kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni i-pneumonia, ukucindezeleka okuvamile ngemva kokuhlinzwa kweziguli ezigwema ukukhwehlela ngenxa yobuhlungu. Kunezinye izinkinga ezivamile emva kokuhlinzwa, njengokuqothulwa, okuningi okungagwenywa.
Yazi ukuthi uhlelaphi ukubuyisela. Kwabanye, ukuhlala esikhungweni sokuvuselela ukwelashwa ngokomzimba kanye nokwelashwa kwemisebenzi kuhlelwe; kwabanye, ukuhlala ekhaya lomuntu othandekayo izinsuku ezimbalwa kuyisizo abayidingayo. Ukwazi ukuthi uzothola isikhathi esingakanani futhi lapho kungenzeka ukuthi kuzokwenzeka kuyosiza ngokulindela usizo oluzodingwa.
Umgomo emva kokuhlinzeka ngokuvamile ukubuyela emsebenzini ofanayo owawunakho ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, noma ngisho nokusebenza kangcono. Umuntu ogwema ukuhamba ngenxa yobuhlungu angase athole ukuthi uhamba ngezinyawo eside ngemva kokuphulukiswa nokuguqulwa kwamadolo, futhi iziguli zokuhlinzwa ze-cataract zizithola zifunda izincwadi eziningi.
> Imithombo:
> Umbono wesibili ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Kufinyelelwe ngo-September, 2016. https://www.medicare.gov/what-medicare-covers/part-b/second-opinions-forefore-surgery.html
> Medicare Ukutholakala kwezikhungo zokunakekela izingane ezinolwazi. Ifinyelele ngo-September, 2016. https://www.medicare.gov/Pubs/pdf/10153.pdf
> Ukuhlinzwa Ukulinganisa Izindleko. Kufinyelelwe ngo-September, 2016. https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/surgery-estimating-costs.html