Ukubhebhetheka komzimba ku-Beta Lactam Antibiotics
Iyini i-Penicillin yokungezwani komzimba?
I-penicillin mhlawumbe ilungu elidume kakhulu leqembu lama-antibiotic okuthiwa i-beta lactam, ekhuluma ngesakhiwo esithile ekuziphatheni kwamakhemikhali. Isakhiwo sibuye sabiwe nge-penicillin engezakhi (i-amoxicillin), i-cephalosporins, nezinye i-antibiotics (njenge-imipenem). Ama-penicillin kanye ne-cephalosporin yizona antibiotic ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ukuphatha izifo ezivamile.
Ama-penicillin kanye ne-cephalosporin nazo izimbangela ezivame ukwedlula zonke izidakamizwa ezibangelwa yizidakamizwa . Abantu abangaba ngu-10% baseMelika babika ukungezwani komzimba ku-penicillin noma i-antibiotic ehlobene. Ngesikhathi i- penicillin yokungezwani okuvamile ngokuvamile kwenzeka kubantu abadala, ukusabela kungenzeka kunoma yisiphi isikhathi. Abesifazane babonakala bengengozini ephakeme kunamadoda. Ukufa okungaba ngu-300 kungathiwa yi-penicillin yokungezwani nonyaka e-United States. Izimpawu zendlela yokwelapha i-penicillin zingabandakanya i- anaphylaxis , imifuba, ukuvuvukala kwe-isikhumba esingaphansi kwe-isikhumba, izimpawu zesifuba , kanye nezimpawu ezingezona izifo ezifana nesifo se-serum, izinhlobo ezithile ze-anemia, nezinye izidakamizwa ezidakamizwa.
I-Penicillin Yokuzivocavoca Ithola Kanjani?
Nakuba abantu abaningi bebika ukuthi banomdlavuza we-penicillin, abangaphansi kwezingu-10% kulaba bantu abanomdlavuza weqiniso. Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola ukubhekwa kwemithi ye-penicillin. Kodwa-ke, ukukhishwa kwezinto ezitholakalayo ezentengiso ukuthola ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kwe-penicillin kususwe emakethe ngo-2004, ngenxa yenkinga yokukhiqiza.
Lokhu kukhishwa, okuthiwa i-Pre-Pen, kwaphinde kwaba khona ngo-2009. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i- RAST (ukuhlolwa kwegazi) ye-penicillin iyatholakala. Ngeshwa, umphumela we-RAST ongalungile awubandakanyi amathuba okuphuza komzimba we-penicillin.
I-Penicillin Isifo Sezifo Eziphuthumayo Sithathwa Kanjani?
Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okusheshayo kwezidakamizwa zokungenwa kwemithi, ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwe-penicillin yokungezwani komzimba ukugwema ukusebenzisa i-penicillin kanye nemithi elwa namagciwane ehlobene nayo esikhathini esizayo.
I-Cephalosporins ingabangela ukusabela okweqile kubantu abane-penicillin yokungezwani komzimba. Izinga eliphelele lokungezwani komzimba ku-cephalosporins kubantu abane-penicillin yokungezwani komzimba cishe ku-5 kuya ku-10%, nakuba amazinga angase abe ngaphezulu kubantu abathile. Ukusabela kwe-allergen kuya ku-cephalosporin kungaba nzima futhi kungasongela ukuphila; ngokuvamile kunconywa ukuthi lezo zitholakale ku-penicillin zigweme yonke i-cephalosporin.
Kungase kube namacala athile, noma kunjalo, uma umuntu onomlando we-penicillin ukungezwani okudinga ngokuphelele i-penicillin noma i-cephalosporin. Kulezi zimo, i- allergenist ingenza ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba futhi, uma ingahambi kahle, unikeza isiguli inani elincane lezidakamizwa ngokuqapha okuqondile ukuze kunqume ukuthi kungakanani - uma kukhona-angakwazi ukubekezelela (eyaziwa njengenselele yomlomo .) Uma umuntu ophikisayo ngempela ku-penicillin unesifo esithatha ukwelashwa nge-penicillin, inqubo yokwehlisa izinhliziyo ingenziwa esibhedlela. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukunikeza amanani amancane ekuqaleni komuthi kanye nokwenyuka kancane kancane kwamanani ngaphezu kwamahora amaningi, kuze kube yilapho umuntu ekwazi ukubekezelela umthamo ophelele wezokwelapha.
Yimiphi eminye imithi okufanele umuntu abe nayo ngePenicillin Yokuzivocavoca Ukugwema?
Umndeni wama-antibiotic we-penicillin uhlanganisa:
- I-Penicillin VK
- I-Penicillin G
- I-Dicloxacillin
- I-Oxacillin
- I-Nafcillin
- Amoxicillin
- Ampicillin
- I-Augmentin (i-amoxicillin / i-clavulanate)
- I-Unasyn (i-ampicillin / i-sulbactam)
- I-Zosyn (ipipercillin / tazoctam)
Umndeni we-cephalosporins uhlanganisa:
- I-Keflex (i-cephalexin)
- I-Ancef (cefazolin)
- I-Ceftin (cefuroxime)
- I-Cefzil (cefprozil)
- Omnicef (cefdinir)
- I-Vantin (cefpodoxime)
- Ezinye eziningi zama-antibiotic ziqala ngokuthi "cef-" noma "ceph-"
I-imipenem ingase ibangele ukusabela okwenziwe abantu abane penicillin yokungezwani komzimba futhi kufanele kugwenywe.
Ufuna ukuqhubeka ufunda? Abantu abane-penicillin yokungezwani komzimba basengozini ephakeme yokuthuthukisa ukungezwani kokulwa nemithi ye-sulfa. Funda nge- sulfa yokungezwani komzimba .
Imithombo:
Hlanganisa ama-Parameters we-Drug Hypersensitivity. Ann Annergy 1999; 83: S665-S700.
I-Macy E. Izidakamizwa Zezilakamizo: Yini okufanele ulindelwe, ukuthi wenzeni. J Respir Dis. 2006; 27: 463-471.
UMellon MH, uSchatz M, uPatterson R. Drug Ukuzivocavoca. Ku: Lawlor GJ, Fischer TJ, Adelman DC, ama-eds. I-Manual ofergy and Immunology. I-3rd ed. Boston: Little, Brown kanye Co; 1995: 262-289.
Romano A, Gueant-Rodriguez RM, Viola M, Pettinato R, Gueant JL. Ukuguqulwa kwe-Cross-Reactivity nokubekezeleleka kwe-Cephalosporins kwiziguli ezine-Hypersensitivity Immediate to Pencillins. U-Ann Intern Med. 2004; 141: 16-22.