Ukulahlekelwa Ikhono Lokuzwa Amafomu Aphezulu
Abantu abanokulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwe-high-frequency abakwazi ukuzwa imisindo emazingeni aphezulu, njengemisindo njengezinhlamvu s, h no f. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima kuwe ukuqonda inkulumo.
Ku- audiogram , ama-frequencies aya kusuka emazingeni aphansi kuya phezulu. Incazelo yemvamisa ephezulu ihlukahluka. Abanye ochwepheshe bacabangela u-2000 Hertz (2kHz) ukuba abe imvamisa ephezulu.
Izinga eliphezulu lezintambo zihamba kusukela ku-2000 Hertz kuya ku-8000 Hertz. (I-1000 Hz ibhekwa njengemvamisa emaphakathi.)
Sibutsetelo
Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwe-high-frequency kuzothinta ikhono lomuntu lokuqonda inkulumo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba ama-consonants (s, h, f) abe imisindo ephakeme-imvamisa ephakathi kuka-1,500 kuya ku-6,000 i-Hertz. Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kulezi zikhathi kusho ukuthi lezo zomsindo zilukhuni ukuziqonda. Kuzingane, lokhu kungasho umthelela omubi emfundweni yabo ngenxa yokungakwazi ukukhuluma inkulumo ekilasini.
Izinga leNengozi
Ngomzamo wokuthola ukuthi bangaki abantu abanalo lolu hlobo lokulahlekelwa kwezindlebe , abacwaningi baqhathanisa idatha kusukela ngo-1959 kuya ku-1962 Ukuhlolwa Kwezempilo Kazwelonke ka-1958 kuya ku-1999 kusukela ku-1999 kuya ku-2004 kuya ku-1999 kuya ku-2004 kuya ku-National Health and Nutrition Examination Study. Ukusebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo, bathole ukuthi abantu abadala esikhathini esikuvile kakhulu bezwa kangcono uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abadala ekufundeni okudala.
Ekucwaningeni kwentsha, abacwaningi baqhathanisa idatha evela ku-Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) ka 1988-1994, ku-data kusukela ku-2005-2006 i-NHANES.
Bonke abahlanganyeli babeneminyaka engu-12 kuya kwangu-19 ubudala.
Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi kusukela ngo-2005 kuya ku-2006, ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe ezingavunyelwe ukuzwa kwaba ukulahlekelwa kwezwi okuvame kakhulu nokuvama kakhulu kwabesilisa kunokuba kuqhathaniswa namantombazane afundela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980 kanye nasekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-90. (Abacwaningi bachaza imvamisa ephezulu njengo-3000 kuya ku-8000 i-Hertz.) Ukusabalalisa kokulahlekelwa kokuzwa kwe-high-frequency kwaba yi-12.8% kuphela eqenjini lokuqala; kodwa kusukela ngo-2005 kuya ku-2006, kwaba ngamaphesenti angu-16,4.
Lokhu kwakubhekwa ngokuthi "kuphakeme kakhulu" ngabacwaningi.
Ekuhlaziyeni kwabo, abacwaningi abazange bathole umehluko emazingeni okuvezwa komsindo phakathi kwale mibono emibili kodwa babonisa ukuthi intsha ijwayele ukuzwakalisa futhi inganaki izinga lokuchazwa komsindo. Ngakho-ke, ukugxila ekulahlekeni kokuzwa kwezinga eliphezulu phakathi kwentsha kungaba yinkomba yokwanda komsindo, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kokuzwa komsindo .
Izimbangela
Umsindo akuyona nje imbangela yokulahlekelwa kokuzwa kwe-high-frequency hearing. Kunezimbangela eziningi. Izimbangela zibandakanya ukuguga (presbycusis), izakhi zofuzo, i- ototoxicity (njengezidakamizwa zamakhemikhali), nezifo kanye nezifo. Kukhona nokusolakala ukuthi kubangelwa izifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela.
Ukuvimbela
Kunezindlela zokuvimbela ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa kwe-high-frequency. Abantu abathintekayo ngezingozi bangacabangela izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuvikelwa kokuzwa, njengama-earplugs.
Ukuphathwa
Izindlebe zokuzwa zingathatha imisindo ephakeme yemvamisa bese iyanciphisa. Kunezindlela ezimbili ezahlukene zokwenza lokhu. Indlela yokuqala, ebizwa nge-frequency transposition, ithatha amandla okuvama ephakeme futhi ibathuthukisa emvamisa ephansi, okuholela ekuhlanganiseni umsindo oguquliwe (othuthelelwe) kanye nomsindo ongenhla we-frequency umsindo.
Ngenye indlela, ebizwa ngokuthi ukucindezelwa kwemvamisa ye-nonlinear, isebenzisa isilinganiso sokucindezela kumsindo ophezulu wevrivini ukuyihlisa, kepha ayiyikuyithutha, ngaleyo ndlela igweme ukuxubana nama frequencies aphansi. Uma ukholwa ukuthi ulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwalolu hlobo, ukubona i- audiologist ibalulekile.
Ukwelapha
Ukulahleka kokuzwa kwe-high-frequency kungaphathwa ngokusebenzisa izinsiza zokuzwa kanye nezimpande eziqukethe . Yiqiniso, ukufunda ulimi lwezandla kanye namakhono okufunda ngokuphambana nakho kungasiza.
Imithombo:
Amazwe aseMelika azwa kahle noma angcono nanamuhla uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka engama-40 ago: ukuzwa amazinga okubambelela kubantu abakhulu abangabakhululekile base-United States, 1959-1962 no 1999-2004. Indlebe nokuzwa. Disemba 2010 - Umqulu 31 - Issue 6 - iphe 725-734
Ukukhubazeka Kwentuthuko: Ukuzwa Ukulahlekelwa. Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/dd/hi2.htm
UGlista, uDanielle MSc; USusan Scollie, i-PhD; Melissa Polonenko, MCISc; no-Jacob Sulkers, BA. Ukuqhathaniswa Komsebenzi Ezinganeni Ngezinhlelo Zokucindezela Ukuphindaphindiwe Kwezingqikithi. Ukuzwa Ukubukeza. Novemba 2009.
Shargorodsky, Josef, uSharon G. Curhan, uGary C. Curhan, uRoland Eavey. Shintsha Ukuvama kokuzwa kokulahlekelwa e-US Adolescents JAMA. 2010; 304 (7): 772-778.
I-Simpson, A. Amadivaysi ehlisa ama-frequency ekulawuleni ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa kwe-high-frequency: ukubuyekezwa.Ukukhokhwa kokuPhakanyiswa. 2009 Jun; 13 (2): 87-106.