Ukunakekela Izifo Ngaphandle Kwesikhala Senyama
I-intanethi ishintsha konke. Umuntu angathenga izingubo zangaphansi noma imoto entsha ngohlelo lokusebenza. Ngisho nokuthengwa kwekhaya kungenzeka, kufaka phakathi ukufaneleka kwe-mortgage kwi-smartphone. Ngisho noma ngabe wenza umkhuba wendabuko wendlu yakho entsha, kungenzeka ukuthi uphathwe kakhulu ngokuthengiswa nge-imeyili futhi usayine wonke amadokhumenti ngendlela ehamba nge-elekthronikhi ngaphandle kwaleyo ngxenye yokugcina okumele ibhalwe phansi.
Ngokufanayo, izikhungo ezingu-911 ziguqukela ukuvumela abafonisi ukuthi basebenzise imibiko yokuthumela imiyalezo ukubika okuphuthumayo . Kwezinye izingxenye zezwe, ukuphendula kokuqala ekuboshiwe komzimba kungase kutholakale isixuku ngohlelo lokusebenza oluxwayisa izisebenzi zokuzithandela eziseduze. Kuze kube nini ngaphambi kokuba ama-ambulensi nezinjini zomlilo ziziqhubekele eziphuthumayo?
Ngalokhu konke ukuguqulwa kanye nokwenziwa komsebenzi, akumangalisi ukuthi ukulethwa kwezidingo zezempilo kuyaphumelela futhi. Akuzona nje izigulisi zokushayela-umqondo wokuthi iziguli eziningi azivezi ngempela-kodwa ngisho nendlela umuntu abheka ngayo udokotela ishintsha.
Ukunakekelwa Kwezempilo Okuhle: Ukwenza Ubudlelwano obude obude
Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okungcono (okubizwa nangokuthi i-telehealth noma i-telemedicine) igama elihlobene nokusebenzisa ucingo noma ingxoxo yevidiyo ukuze uhlolwe futhi uphathwe udokotela. Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okungcono kuyindlela enhle yokunakekelwa okuphuthumayo ngoba kuvumela isiguli ukubona udokotela wakhe (noma yimuphi udokotela) noma nini lapho efuna, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kokulinda nokuvakashelwa okusheshayo.
Kuhle futhi uma udokotela wesiguli esekude. Udokotela womkami wathuthela emakhilomitha angaba ngu-100 ukusuka kithi, kodwa ubuhlobo bakhe nodokotela wakhe namanje buqinile. Angasebenzisa izinketho ze-telehealth ukumsiza ukuthi ahlale exhumana futhi enze ukuhlolwa okusheshayo ngocingo noma ingxoxo yevidiyo. Akudingeki ukuba aqale ngokudokotela omusha.
Kwezinye izimo, isiteji salokhu kuxhumana kusekelwe kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-smartphone. Amanye amapulatifomu angaba asekelwe kuwebhu noma asebenzise izikhungo zokushaya ucingo. Ezinguqulo eziningi, odokotela bangathintana phakathi kokubona iziguli ngendlela endala: ehhovisi.
Izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokunakekelwa okungcono
Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okungcono akuzange nje kuvele ngaphandle. Kuye kwaba ukuguqulwa kwe-tech nempilo.
Izeluleko zokuhlinzeka ngamanesi zafika kuqala. Lokho kwakuhloswe ukunciphisa izindleko zabaqashi ngokusebenzisa umhlengikazi ukunikeza isiqondiso mayelana nokuya ku-ER noma ukwenza i-aphoyintimenti. Izeluleko zokweluleka kwabahlengikazi ngokuvamile zixhunywe nge-protocol (abahlengikazi bane-script kanye ne-algorithm okufanele bayilandele), kodwa bakhulile ukuhlinzekela okungaphezulu kunesiqondiso esilula ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokunakekelwa kokunakekelwa ngokomzimba okufanele lufune.
Abahlengikazi manje banikeza zonke izinhlobo zosizo lwezokwelapha kanye nemigqa eminingi yezeluleko basebenzisa abahlengikazi ukuze bahlole iziguli futhi babasize bathole ukunakekelwa abayidingayo. Lezi ziyizinqubo eziqhutshwa yi-protocol, kodwa zidinga ukunakekelwa abazimele ukuze bakwazi ukwenza izinqumo eziqinile zomtholampilo.
I-iteration elandelayo yayibizwa nge-telemedicine. Kule nguqulo, kukhona udokotela olutholakala ngakolunye uhlangothi. Yilokho okwaholela ekusebenziseni izinhlelo zokusebenza zokunakekelwa kanye namapulatifomu.
Izinhlelo ze-Telemedicine zinezakhiwo ezahlukene ezahlukene. Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ze-smartphone, akekho umuntu phakathi kwesiguli nodokotela. Yisiguli kuphela, i-doc, kanye nefoni.
Ukuvakashelwa Okumangalisayo, Imisebenzi Yangempela
Ezinguqukweni eziningi ze-virtual model okwamanje emakethe, odokotela yizinga eliphezulu legolide lokuhlinzeka ngempilo. Umhlengikazi noma umsizi wezokwelapha angase aphendule ucingo ekuqaleni futhi asebenze imininingwane yegulane-igama, usuku lokuzalwa, umshuwalense, ikheli, udokotela oyinhloko, njll-kodwa imali isetshenzisweni lomdokotela, okuvamise kakhulu.
Lokhu kuyinto enhle kakhulu kudokotela.
Ukusebenzisana ngesineke kuvunyelwe ngoba akekho othanda ukuchitha isikhathi eside kunesidingo efonini. Uthola nje lokho okudingayo, kodwa akuyona njengomuntu obhekene nobuso. Uma usuqede isikhathi sakho ohlelweni lokungena futhi wenze ukubheja kwakho egumbini lokulinda elivamile, ungase uzizwe kancane ushintshiwe ngokuvakashelwa kwamaminithi amahlanu emtholampilo. Nokho, efonini, ukuvakashelwa okufishane kuvame ukukhetha. Kungcono isiguli ngoba konke okuhlangenwe nakho kudlulile ngokushesha futhi kungcono kakhulu kudokotela ngenxa yesilinganiso esiphezulu sesiguli.
Kwamanye, amacala amaningi kakhulu, udokotela usebenza njengomhlahlandlela oqondile kumaqembu ezempilo esakhiweni esakhiwe ngabahlengikazi noma abasizo lwezeMpilo . Odokotela basebenzisa abahlinzeki bokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha bebhedi ukuba babe izandla, amehlo, nezindlebe zabo. Umhlengikazi noma i-paramedic angasondelana neziguli neziguli. Bangakwazi ukuzwa ukushisa nomswakama wesikhumba. Bangakwazi ukulalela imisindo yamaphaphu futhi bathathe izimpawu ezibalulekile. Banikeza nokuhlinzekwa okuphawulekayo kwezokwelapha ngemilayezo evela kudokotela.
Izinhlelo eziningi ze-telemedicine zisetshenziselwa ukusiza izibhedlela ukunciphisa ukufundwa kweziguli ezisanda kukhishwa. I-Medicare yenze lokhu kuvuselela ngokugodla izibhedlela uma iziguli ezisanda kukhishwa kufanele zivunyelwe emuva esibhedlela ngesimo esifanayo.
Ezinye izinhlelo ze-telemedicine zisebenzisa le modeli ukuze zixilonge futhi ziqondise ukunakekelwa kwezinqubo zokwelapha eziphuthumayo ezingase zibe nzima. Ukusebenzisa i-telemedicine, udokotela anganezelwa cishe noma yikuphi ukuxhumana okuphuthumayo cishe noma kuphi emhlabeni. Amadokhumenti e-San Francisco angaqondisa ukuhlinzekwa e-Antarctica noma i-neurosurgeon ingasebenzisana nezimo eziphuthumayo ukuze zibone iziguli ezihlaselwa.
Kwezinye izimo, izimo eziphuthumayo noma abahlengikazi embhedeni zigqoka ubuchwepheshe njengezigulini zevidiyo noma amakhemikhali omzimba ukusiza udokotela ukubona isiguli esiseduze.
Ukuphendula ucingo
Kuthiwani ngalawo misebenzi, noma kunjalo? Uphi lo mhlengikazi ophendule ucingo? Lokho kungaba abasebenzi basezindaweni zokushaya izingcingo baphendula amafoni kuma-cubicles abo futhi baphatha ukuxhumana okuyishumi ngehora, noma bangaba ngabantu emakhaya abo baphendule izingcingo ezihanjiswa kubo ngokusebenzisa ipulatifomu yesofthiwe.
Isikole sobuhlengikazi asinaso isigaba sokuhlolwa kwefoni nokunakekelwa, ngakho-ke lezi zikhundla zidinga uhlobo oluthile lokuqeqesha ukulungiselela umhlengikazi we-telemedicine. Ukuhlolwa kuhluke kakhulu uma ukhawulwa esikrinini se-smartphone noma, nakakhulu nakakhulu, usebenzise amagama esiguli sakho ukubona ngeso lengqondo isethulo sabo sezokwelapha.
Abangu-911 abaphamtjhini bezazi uma kuziwa ekuboneni okwenzekayo komunye umkhawulo wokushaya ucingo. Abaphakeli abaqeqeshwe ukuphatha izingcingo zezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi ukunikeza imiyalelo yezokwelapha kubashayeli abaqeqeshiwe abangenalo imithi, ukwazi ukuthatha umyalo wengxoxo bese uthola ucingo ukuba alandele. Abathumeli abangu-911 banokuqeqeshwa okuncane kakhulu kwezokwelapha. I-algorithm yenza zonke izinqumo kubo. Yenzelwe ukuwaqondisa ngokusebenzisa ukusebenzisana kwezokwelapha okusekelwe kuphela kuzimpendulo zababizi kumbuzo abuzwa yi-algorithm.
Ezimweni eziningi, iziguli ezibiza uhlelo lokusebenza lokunakekelwa okuphuthumayo azibheki izimo eziphuthumayo zokuphila, kodwa kungenzeka ngekholi ngayinye. Abahlengikazi abakwazi nje ukungazinaki lezo zinhlobo zamakholi. Ukubeka abahlengikazi ngokuqeqeshwa okufana nalokho kwe-dispatcher engu-911 kusiza ukudala i-hybrid engasebenzisa izilungiswa ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwekusasa
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubani ophendula ucingo noma ohlinzeka ngemithi yokwelashwa, ochwepheshe be-IT kanye namakhodi ekhompiyutha adingekayo ukuze yonke into isebenze ekugcineni. Eziningi zalezi zingxenyekazi azikakabi khona. Yimakhodi ekhompiyutha asemqoka ekudalweni. Abanjiniyela benethiwekhi nabachwepheshe bezokuxhumana basiza ukwenza uhlelo lusebenze ngemuva kokuba umklami edala isisekelo.
Abadayisi bezokwelapha bagcina inzuzo egeleza ngemuva kokuphela. Iningi lalezi zingxenyekazi zisha futhi azitholakali ezinhlobonhlobo zokukhokha zomshuwalense wezokwelapha. Ikusasa lokunakekelwa kwempilo ngokuqondile kuncike ekutholeni imodeli eyenza imali engenayo futhi isimeme.
> Imithombo:
> Gordon, AS, Adamson, WC, & DeVries, AR (2017). Ukuvakashelwa Okubukeka Okuhle, Ukunakekelwa Okungekho Emthethweni: Ukuhlaziywa Kwezimangalo Zokusetshenziswa Kwesikhawulo Esiqeshini. I-Journal ye-Medical Internet Research , 19 (2), e35. http://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.6783
> Schoenfeld AJ, Davies JM, Marafino BJ, Dean M, DeJong C, Bardach NS, Kazi DS, Boscardin WJ, Lin GA, Duseja R, Mei YJ, Mehrotra A, Dudley RA. Ukushintshaniswa Kwekhwalithi Yokunakekelwa Kwezempilo Okuphuthumayo Kunikezwe Ngesikhathi Sokuvakasha Okubukeka Kwezebhizinisi. I-JAMA Intern Med . 2016 Meyi 1; 176 (5): 635-42. doi: 10.1001 / jamainternmed.2015.8248.