Ukuze uqonde ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-ANA (i-antinuclear anti-test test), kubalulekile ukuthi uqale uqonde izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-antibodies.
- Ama-antibodies ngamaprotheni, akhiqizwa ngamangqamuzana egazi amhlophe, evame ukujikeleza egazini ukuvikela abahlaseli bezinye izizwe, njengama-bacteria, ama-virus kanye nobuthe.
- Ama-autoantibodies, esikhundleni sokwenza ngokumelene nabahlaseli bangaphandle, ahlasele amaseli omzimba. Lokhu akuvamile.
- Ama-antibodies we-anyukliya yiqembu eliyingqayizivele lama-autoantibodies ezinamandla okuhlasela izakhiwo ku-nucleus yamaseli. I-nucleus yeseli iqukethe izinto eziphilayo, ezaziwa ngokuthi i-DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-ANA (i-antinuclear antibody test) kuvame ukuqhutshwa ngesampula segazi njengengxenye yenqubo yokuxilonga yezifo ezithile ezizimele .
Ukuhlolwa Kwenziwe kanjani
Ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-ANA, ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa i-FANA (ukuhlolwa kwe-fluorescent antinuclear antibody), isampula yegazi ithathwe kwisiguli futhi ithunyelwe ebhodini lokuhlola. I-Serum evela esicelweni segazi ingeziwe kuma-slidescope amaslayidi anama-cell alungiselele ukuhweba esakhiweni se-slide. Uma i-serum yesiguli iqukethe ama-antibodies antinuclear, ibopha amaseli (ikakhulukazi i-nuclei yamaseli) kusilayidi.
I-antibody yesibili, edayiswe ngetayipi ye-fluorescent, yengezwe ekuxukeni kwe-serum yesiguli kanye namaseli alungiselelwe ukuhweba kwisilayidi.
I-antibody (yesibili) i-fluorescent (i-fluorescent) ihlanganisa amasosha omzimba namaseli ahlanganiswe ndawonye. Lapho i-slide ibhekwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope yama-ultraviolet, izinhlamvu ze-antinuclear zibonakala njengamaseli e-fluorescent.
- Uma amaseli e-fluorescent egcinwa, umphumela we-ANA wokuhlolwa kwegazi uhle.
- Uma amangqamuzana e-fluorescent awaqapheli, umphumela we-ANA wokuhlolwa kwegazi awubi.
Umbiko we-ANA wokuhlola igazi
Umbiko we-ANA wokuhlola igazi unezingxenye ezintathu:
- Okuhle noma okungalungile ku-ANA
- Uma kulungile, i-titer inqunywe futhi ibikwe
- Iphethini ye-fluorescence ibikwa
ANA Titer
I-titer inqunywa ngokuphinda uvivinyo oluhle ngamaphilisi we-serial kuze kube yilapho ukuhlolwa kuveza umphumela omubi. I-dilution yokugcina eveza umphumela omuhle (okusho ukuthi i-fluorescence egcinwe ngaphansi kwe-microscope) yi-titer ebikiwe. Nasi isibonelo:
Izinyembezi zensiza:
1:10 okuhle
1:20 okuhle
1:40 okuhle
1:80 okuhle
1: 160 positive (isihloko esibikwe njenge-1: 160)
1: 320 okungalungile
Ukubaluleka kwe-ANA Pattern
Izihloko ze-ANA namaphethini angahluka phakathi kwezindawo zokuhlola i-laboratory ngenxa yokuhluka kwindlela esetshenziswa ngayo. Amaphethini avame ukujwayela afaka:
- I-homogeneous - i-fluorescence yenuclear yakho yonke ngenxa ye-antibody eqondiswa i-DNA. Ejwayelekile kwi- systic lupus erythematosus .
- I-peripheral - i-fluorescence ivela emaphethelweni e-nucleus ekubukeni kwe-shaggy. I-Anti-DNA ne-anti-nuclear envelope antibodies ibangela le ndlela. Futhi kubonakala ku-systic lupus erythematosus.
- I-speckled - i-fluorescense ecacile ngenxa ye-antibody eqondiswa nama-antigen ahlukahlukene.
- I-nucleolar - evela kuma-antibodies aqondiswe kuma-protein aqondene nokuvuthwa kwe-RNA. Kubonakala kubantu abane- scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) .
Umphumela we-ANA omuhle wokuhlola igazi - Kusho ukuthini?
Ama-antibodies ase-anti-nyukliya atholakala kubantu abanezifo ezihlukahlukene ze-autoimmune, kodwa hhayi kuphela. Ama-antibodies ase-nuclear angatholakala kubantu abane-infections, umdlavuza, izifo zamaphaphu, izifo zamathunjini, izifo ze-hormonal, izifo zegazi, izifo zesikhumba, kubantu asebekhulile, noma abantu abanomlando womndeni wesifo se-rheumatic. Ama-antibodies e-anti-nyukliya empeleni atholakala kuma-5 amaphesenti omphakathi jikelele onempilo, futhi.
Imiphumela ye-ANA yinto eyodwa kuphela okucatshangwa uma kutholakala ukuxilongwa. Izimpawu zomtholampilo zesiguli nezinye izivivinyo zokuxilonga kufanele zicatshangwe nodokotela.
Umlando wezokwelapha ubuye uphawuleka ngoba ezinye izidakamizwa zemithi zingabangela "izidakamizwa ezithinta izidakamizwa".
Isifo se-ANA ezifo ezihlukahlukene
Ukukhuluma ngesitatimende, izibalo zemiphumela emihle ye-ANA (ngamaphesenti ngesimo ngasinye) yi:
- I-systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus noma i-SLE) - amaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-95
- I-Progressive systemic sclerosis (i-scleroderma) - amaphesenti angu-60 kuya kwangu-90
- I-arthritis ye-rheumatoid - amaphesenti angu-25 kuya ku-30
- I-Sjogren's syndrome - amaphesenti angu-40 kuya kwangu-70
- I-Felty's syndrome - engaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-75
- I-arthritis yabantwana - amaphesenti angu-15 kuya ku-30
Ama-subsets we-ANA ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngezinye izikhathi asetshenziselwa ukunquma isifo esithile sokuzimela. Ngalesi sizathu, udokotela angahle alawule anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm, Sjogren's syndrome antigens (SSA, SSB), amasosha omzimba we-Scl-70, anti-centromere, anti-histone, ne-anti-RNP.
Okubalulekile
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-ANA kuyinkimbinkimbi. Lokho kusho ukuthi imiphumela emihle noma emibi, i-titer, iphethini, kanye ne-subset imiphumela yokuhlolwa-inganikeza odokotela izinhlamvu ezibalulekile ukusiza ukuxilonga izifo ze-autoimmune rheumatic.
Imithombo:
> Peng noCraft. I-Bookbook ye-Rheumatology. Umagazini wesishiyagalolunye. Elsevier. Isahluko 55 - Ama-Antibodies Aninuclear.
Ukutholwa Kwemitholampilo, Todd-Sanford