Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wabona ama-athikili mayelana nezifo ze-temporomandibular (umhlathi) (TMD), obizwa nangokuthi i-TMJ syndrome. Mhlawumbe uye wazizwa ubuhlungu ngezinye izikhathi endaweni yakho yomhlathi, noma mhlawumbe wakho wamazinyo noma udokotela ukutshele ukuthi unayo TMD.
Uma unemibuzo mayelana nezifo ze-temporomandibular, awunabo. Abacwaningi, nabo, bafuna izimpendulo zalokho okubangelwa yi-TMD, yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezingcono kakhulu, nokuthi singazivimbela kanjani lezi zinkinga.
I-TMD akuyona nje isifo esisodwa kuphela, kodwa iqembu lezimo, ngokuvamile elibuhlungu, elichaphazela ukuhlanganyela kwe-temporomandibular kanye nemisipha elawula ukuhlafuna. Nakuba singazi ukuthi bangaki abantu ababenayo i-TMD, lezi zinkinga zibonakala zithinta abesifazane ababili kabili njengamadoda.
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IzinhloboOchwepheshe ngokuvamile bayavuma ukuthi izifo ze-temporomandibular ziwela ezigabeni ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- ubuhlungu be-myofascial (uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-TMD, olungathandeki noma ubuhlungu emisipha elawula ukusebenza komhlathi kanye nemisipha yentamo nehlombe)
- ukuxoshwa kwangaphakathi kwe-joint (okusho ukuthi i-diskated jaw noma i-disc evaced, noma ukulimala ku-condyle)
- isifo esihlangene esinezifo (njenge- osteoarthritis noma i- rheumatoid arthritis ehlangene nomhlathi)
Umuntu angase abe neyodwa noma eminingi yale mibandela ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ososayensi bahlola ukuthi izici zokuziphatha, ezingokwengqondo nezomzimba zingase zihlangane kanjani kubangele i-TMD.
Abacwaningi bazama ukucacisa izimpawu ze-TMD, ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa izindlela ezilula futhi ezingcono zokuxilongwa nokwelashwa okuthuthukisiwe.
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I-Temporomandibular JointIsihlanganisi se-temporomandibular sihlanganisa umhlathi ophansi, okuthiwa i-mandible, esitokisini sesikhashana eceleni kwekhanda. Uma ufaka iminwe yakho nje phambi kwezindlebe zakho bese uvula umlomo wakho, ungase uzizwe uhlangene ohlangothini ngalunye lwekhanda lakho. Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zingxube ziguquguquka, umhlathi ungahamba kahle futhi uhlangene, uvumele ukuthi sikhulume, sihlafune futhi sihlabe. Imisipha ehlanganiswe futhi ijikeleze ukulawulwa komhlathi okuhlangene isikhundla sayo nokunyakaza kwayo.
Uma sivula imilomo yethu, izimpondo ezizungezile zomhlathi omncane, okuthiwa i-condyles, zigoqa eduze kwesixhumi esihlangene sethanga lesikhashana. I-condyles ibuyele esimweni sayo sokuqala lapho sivala imilomo yethu. Ukugcina lokhu kuqhubekela phambili, i-disc enhle itholakala phakathi kwe-condyle kanye namathambo wesikhashana. Le diski ithatha ukushuswa ku-TMJ kusuka ekuhloleni nasekunye ukunyakaza.
Ubuhlungu ku-Joint
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi abantu abaningi, ubuhlungu endaweni yomhlathi noma izihluthulelo akusona isignali ukuthi inkinga enkulu ikhula. Ngokuvamile, ukungathandeki kwe-TMD kuvame futhi kuyesikhashana, okuvame ukuvela kumjikelezo. Ubuhlungu ekugcineni buhamba ngokushwashwa okuncane noma akukho. Amaphesenti amancane abantu abanezinhlungu ze-TMD athuthukisa kakhulu, izimpawu zesikhathi eside.
Ukucacisa Izimpawu
Abacwaningi bazama ukucacisa izimpawu ze-TMD, ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa izindlela ezilula futhi ezingcono zokuxilongwa nokwelashwa okuthuthukisiwe.
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IzimbangelaSiyazi ukuthi ukulimala kanzima komunye umhlathi noma i-temporomandibular kungabangela i-TMD. Ngokwesibonelo, ukushaya okukhulu kungaphazamisa amathambo womjoqo noma ukulimaza i-disc, ukuphazamisa ukuhamba kahle komhlathi futhi kubangele ubuhlungu noma ukukhiya.
- I-arthritis ehlangene nomhlathi ingase ibangele nokulimala.
- Abanye bakhombisa ukuthi ukulunywa kabi (indawocclusion) kungabangela i-TMD, kodwa izingxabano zamuva zocwaningo ezibukwayo.
- Ukwelashwa kwe-Orthodontic, njenge-braces nokusetshenziswa kwekhanda, kuye kwabekwa icala ngamanye amafomu we-TMD, kodwa izifundo manje zibonisa lokhu akunakwenzeka.
I-Gum
Akukho bufakazi besayense bokuthi ukugaya i-gum kubangelwa ukuchofoza imisindo ekuhlanganyeleni komhlathi, noma ukuchofoza umhlathi kuholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu ze-TMJ. Eqinisweni, ukuchofoza umhlathi kujwayelekile kubantu abaningi. Uma kungekho ezinye izimpawu, ezifana nobuhlungu noma ukukhiya, ukuchofoza umhlathi ngokuvamile akudingi ukwelashwa.
Izinkinga zeDiski
Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi abantu abaningi abanokuchofoza noma abavela emhlangeni wejubane kungenzeka babe ne-diskiced disc (i-disc elithambile, elithakazelisayo alikho endaweni evamile). Uma nje i-diskiced disc ingabangeli ubuhlungu noma izinkinga ngokunyakaza komhlathi, akukho ukwelashwa okudingekayo.
Ukucindezeleka
Ochwepheshe bathi ukucindezeleka (okungokomqondo noma ngokomzimba) kungabangela noma kukhulise i-TMD. Abantu abane-TMD bavame ukuvala noma ukugaya amazinyo ebusuku, okungasusa imisipha yomhlathi bese beholela ebuhlungu. Akucaci, noma ngabe ukucindezeleka kubangelwa ubuhlungu bokuhlunga / ukugaya nokulandela umhlathi wesifuba noma umphumela wokubhekana nobuhlungu obungapheli / ukukhubazeka komhlathi.
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Izimpawu NezibonakalisoIzimpawu ezihlukahlukene zingaxhunyaniswa ne-TMD. Ubuhlungu, ikakhulukazi emisipha yokuhlamba kanye / noma ukuhlangana komhlathi, yilona uphawu oluvame kakhulu. Ezinye izimpawu kungenzeka zihlanganisa:
- ukunyakaza okulinganiselwe noma ukuvala umhlathi.
- ukukhipha ubuhlungu ebusweni, entanyeni, noma emahlombe.
- ukuchofoza okubuhlungu, ukuphuma noma ukugcoba imisindo ekuhlanganyeleni komhlathi uma uvula noma uvala umlomo.
- ushintsho oluzenzekelayo, olukhulu endleleni amazinyo aphezulu nalapha aphansi ahlangana ngayo.
Ezinye Izimpawu Ezihlobene
Okunye ngezinye izikhathi kungenziwa kuhlobene ne-TMD, njenge:
- ikhanda
- izindlebe
- isiyezi
- izinkinga zokuzwa
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula engqondweni yakho, noma kunjalo, ukungahambi kahle kwesikhumba esihlangene noma ukuhlambalaza kuvamile futhi ngokuvamile akuyona imbangela yokukhathazeka.
Izikhonda Zezinkondlo
Ngokusho kuka-ADAM "I-Temporomandibular joint joint, noma i-TMJ, ukungasebenzi kahle, kungaba yimbangela yamakhanda wesibili. Ukuphathwa ikhanda okukodwa kubangelwa ukuphazamiseka okuyisisekelo okuveza ubuhlungu njengesibonakaliso."
Ngokusho kommeli wezeguli kanye nomlobi uTeri Robert, "ngezinye izikhathi, ikhanda liyilokho- ikhanda . Ngezinye izikhathi, ikhanda lingaba uphawu lenye isimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zobuhlungu bekhanda, futhi ukwelashwa kuyahluka kuye ukuxilongwa. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, ukuxilongwa okufika ngesikhathi futhi okunembile kubalulekile. "
Angina
Ngokusho kukaRichard N. Fogoros MD, "Ubuhlungu obuqhakazile bubonakaliso obuvamile be- angina ." "Ubuhlungu be-jaw epsodic obungacacisiwe kufanele buhlolwe udokotela"
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UkuxilongwaNgenxa yokuthi izimbangela kanye nezimpawu ze-TMD azicacile, ukuhlonza ukuthi lezi zifo zingase zidideke. Njengamanje, akukho okuvunyelwe kabanzi, ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile ukukhomba kahle i-TMD. Ezimweni ezingamaphesenti angama-90, noma kunjalo, incazelo yesiguli yezimpawu, ehlangene nokuhlolwa okulula komzimba nomhlathi, inikeza ulwazi oluwusizo ekutholeni lezi zinkinga.
Ukuhlolwa Kwemvelo
Ukuhlola okungokoqobo kuhlanganisa:
- ukuzwa amalunga omhlathi kanye nemisipha yokuhlakulela ubuhlungu noma ububele
- ukulalela ngokuchofoza, ukuphuma noma ukukhipha imisindo ngesikhathi sokunyakaza komhlathi
- ukuhlola ukunyakaza okulinganiselwe noma ukuvala umhlathi ngesikhathi uvula noma uvala umlomo
Ukuhlola umlando wamazinyo kanye nezokwelapha kubalulekile kakhulu. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kuhlola kuhlinzeka ngolwazi olwanele ukuthola izinhlungu noma izinkinga zomhlathi, ukuxilongwa, nokuqala ukwelashwa ukuze kunciphise ubuhlungu noma ukuvala umhlathi.
Izivivinyo zokuxilonga
Ama- X-rays yamazinyo njalo nama-TMJ x-rays (ama-radiographs ama-transcranial) awawusizo kakhulu ekuhloleni i-TMD. Ezinye izindlela zama-x-ray zivame ukudingwa kuphela uma udokotela esolwa ngokuqinile ngesimo esifana ne-arthritis noma uma ubuhlungu obunzima buphikelela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nezimpawu azithuthuki ngokwelashwa. Lokhu kufaka:
- i-arthrography (ama-x-ray ahlangene usebenzisa idayi)
- imaging resonance imaging (MRI)
- i-tomography (uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-x ray)
Ngaphambi kokuthola noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa okubizayo okuhlolisisa, kuhlale kuwukuhlakanipha ukuthola omunye umbono ozimele.
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Izinketho zokwelashwa ezigcinayoAmagama ayisihluthulelo okumele agcine engqondweni mayelana nokwelashwa kwe-TMD yilokhu:
- okuqaphele
- buyiselwa emuva
Imithi yokwelapha ilula kakhulu futhi ingasetshenziswa kaningi ngoba iziguli eziningi azizinayo i-TMD enzima, ehlulekayo. Imithi yokwelashwa ayihlose izicubu ze:
- ubuso
- umhlathi
- ngokuhlanganyela
Ukwelashwa okubuyiselwayo akubanga ukushintsha okungapheli, noma okungenakuguquka, kwisakhiwo noma isikhundla somhlathi noma amazinyo.
Ngenxa yokuthi izinkinga eziningi ze-TMD zesikhashana futhi azibi nakakhulu, ukwelashwa okulula yilokho okuvame ukudingwa ukuze kukhululeke. Imikhuba yokuzinakekela iyasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu ze-TMD, isibonelo:
- ukudla ukudla okulula
- ukusebenzisa ukushisa noma amaphakethe e-ice
- ukugwema ukunyakaza okuluhlaza okwedlulele (njengokujula okubanzi, ukucula okukhulu kanye nokuhlafuna i-gum)
Ukufunda amasu akhethekile okuphumula nokunciphisa ukucindezeleka kungasiza iziguli ukuba zibhekane nobuhlungu obuvame ukubhekana nezinkinga ze-TMD.
Ezinye izidakamizwa ezingaguquki, eziguquka zihlanganisa:
- ukwelapha ngokomzimba (kugxile emisipha elula elula futhi ephumula)
- ukusetshenziswa okwesikhashana kwemizimba yezidakamizwa nezidakamizwa eziphikisayo
Ama-Splints
Abahlinzeki bokunakekelwa kwezempilo bangase batusa umshini womlomo, obizwa nangokuthi i-splint noma i-bite bite, okuyi-guard gardener ehambisana namazinyo angenhla noma aphansi. Ukuqhaqhaza kungasiza ukunciphisa ukugaya noma ukugaya, okuyinto elula ukuhlukumeza komzimba. Ukuhlukaniswa komlomo kumele kusetshenziswe isikhathi esifushane futhi akufanele kubangele ushintsho oluhlala njalo kuluma. Uma ubukhulu obubangela noma banda ubuhlungu, yeka ukuyisebenzisa bese ubona udokotela wakho.
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Izinketho zokuhlinza zokwelaphaImithi yokwelashwa evuselelayo, eguquguqukayo iyasiza ekuphuculeni okwesikhashana ubuhlungu nobuhlungu be-muscle-akuzona "ukuphulukisa" kwe-TMD. Uma izimpawu ziqhubeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi noma zibuya kaningi, hlola nodokotela wakho.
Kunezinye izinhlobo zokwelashwa kwe-TMD, njengokuhlinzwa noma ukujova, okuhlasela izicubu. Ezinye zibandakanya ukujova imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu emasimini obuhlungu obuhlungu, ngokuvamile okuthiwa "amaphuzu okuqala." Abacwaningi bacwaninga lolu hlobo lwezokwelapha ukuze babone ukuthi lezi zijovo ziyasiza yini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukwelashwa okuvame ukuvame ukugwema futhi kufanele kugwenywe lapho kunokwenzeka khona. Uma ukwelashwa okunjalo kuyadingeka, qiniseka ukuthi udokotela uchaze kuwe, ngamazwi ongawaqonda:
- isizathu sokwelashwa
- izingozi ezihilelekile
- ezinye izinhlobo zokwelashwa ezingase zitholakale
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Izindlela zokwelashwa ezingenakunqunywa zingenza i-TMD ibe yimbiOsosayensi baye bafunda ukuthi ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa ezingenakuguqulwa, ezifana nokuguqulwa kwezigqoko zomhlathi ngamakhilo okufakelwa, zingabangela ubuhlungu obukhulu nokulimala komhlathi. Amanye alawa madivaysi angase ahluleke ukusebenza kahle noma angase ahlukanise emashumini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngaphambi kokwenza noma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa emhlangeni womhlathi, kubalulekile ukuthola ezinye imibono ezizimele.
Izimpande ze-Vitek
Ukulawulwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa kuye kwakhumbula izimpande ezihlangene zomhlathi ezenziwe ngu-Vitek, ezingase ziphule futhi zilimaze amathambo azungezile. Uma unayo lezi zimila, bheka udokotela ohlinzayo wakho womlomo noma udokotela wamazinyo. Uma kunezinkinga ngezimpembelelo zakho, amadivayisi angase adinge ukususwa.
Okunye Ukwelashwa Okungenakwenzeka
Ezinye zokwelapha ezingenakuguqulwa ezingenanzuzo encane, futhi zingenza inkinga ibe yimbi nakakhulu ifaka phakathi:
- i-orthodontics ukushintsha ukulunywa
- i-dentistry yokuvuselela (esebenzisa umqhele nomsebenzi webhuloho ukulinganisela i-bite)
- ukulungiswa kwe-occlusal (ukugaya amazinyo ukuze ulethe ukulingana)
Nakuba kunezifundo ezingaphezulu ezidingekayo ekuphepheni nasempilweni yezokwelapha eziningi ze-TMD, ososayensi batusa ngokuqinile ukusebenzisa imithi yokwelashwa engaguquguquki futhi eguquguqukayo ngaphambi kokucubungula ukwelashwa okungahleliwe. Ngisho noma inkinga ye-TMD isiguli, iziguli eziningi azidingi izindlela zokwelapha ezihlukumezayo.
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Izinto Okumele Uzikhumbule Uma Ucabanga Unayo TMD- Khumbula ukuthi kubantu abaningi, ukungathandeki ku-TMD kuzogcina kugoduka noma ngabe baphathwe noma cha.
- Izindlela zokuzinakekela ezilula zivame ukuphumelela ekunciphiseni izimpawu ze-TMD.
- Uma kudingeka ukwelashwa okwengeziwe, kufanele kube nokuqapha futhi kuvuseleleke.
- Gwema, uma kunokwenzeka, ukwelashwa okubangela ushintsho oluhlala njalo kuluma noma emhlathini.
- Uma kunconywa ukwelashwa okungaqondakali, qiniseka ukuthi uthole umbono wesibili onokwethenjelwa .
Lapho Uthola Imibono Yesibili
Abadobi abaningi, ikakhulukazi amazinyo, bajwayele ukuphathwa ngokucophelela kwe-TMD. Ngenxa yokuthi i-TMD ivame ukulimaza, imitholampilo yobuhlungu ezibhedlela kanye naseyunivesithi nayo ingumthombo omuhle wezeluleko nemibono yesibili yalezi zinkinga. Ochwepheshe bezinhlungu ezibucayi abaqeqeshiwe ikakhulukazi bangaba usizo ekuhloleni nasekuphatheni i-TMD.
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Ucwaningo Lwenziwa Ku-TMDI-National Institute of Dental Research isekela uhlelo lokucwaninga olusebenzayo kwi-TMD. Ukuthuthukisa iziqondiso ezinokwethenjelwa zokuthola lezi zinkinga kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Izifundo kanye nokuvivinywa kwezidakamizwa kuyaqhubeka nezimbangela, ukwelashwa nokuvimbela i-TMD. Ngokucwaninga okuqhubekayo, izingcezu ze-TMD puzzle ziwela kancane kodwa kancane kancane endaweni.
Imihlahlandlela Yokuthola Ukuxilongwa
Enye yezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu zocwaningo lwe-TMD uthuthukisa imihlahlandlela ecacile yokuthola lezi zinkinga. Uma ososayensi bevuma ukuthi lezi ziqondiso kufanele zibe yini, kuzoba lula kubahlengikazi ukuthi babone kahle izifo ze-temporomandibular futhi banqume ukuthi yikuphi okudingekayo ukwelashwa, uma kukhona.
Umthombo:
I-NIH Publication No. 94-3487