Umlando, Izindleko, Imithwalo yemfanelo kanye nobudlelwane
Leli phepha likhuluma ngolimi lwezandla (SL) abahumushi kubantu abayizithulu. Inikeza ukuhlolwa komlando, izindima, imithwalo yemfanelo kanye nobuhlobo be-SL Interpreters kanye namakhasimende abo abayizithulu. Izinzuzo kanye nokuphazamiseka kwamakhasimende nabahumushi kuzoxoxwa ngakho. Isiphetho sibonisa ukuthi ukuzwela okukhulu, ukwandisa izimali, nemikhankaso yokuqwashisa umphakathi, isibonelo, kuyadingeka ukunikeza abantu abazwayo ithuba lokubheka abalingani babo abayiziThulu njengabalingana nabafanelekayo ngemali.Umlando we-SL Abahumushi
Ngenkathi ukukhona kwangempela komhumushi wokuqala kungaziwa, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi indima yomhumushi yaqala ngamalungu omhume. Umhume wamaphanga angacela umuntu ozwayo ukuba abe ngumhumushi kubo bonke abazizwayo nabazwayo, emhumeni (Humphrey et al., 1996: 91). Umqondo wegama, umhumushi, waba khona ekhulwini lama-20 lapho isikhathi esasetshenziswa khona ukubhekisela kumxhumanisi, umsizi, umngane noma umeluleki (91). Abahumushi bezomlando babhekwa njengamavolontiya, ngokuvamile ayebahlobo, abangane noma abaqashi. Isidingo sabahumushi bekhwalithi eliphezulu savela emva kweMpi Yezwe I (44). Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1960, abahlengikazi noma abahumushi bevela echibini lamavolontiya.E-Canada, i-"Canadian Hearing Society (CHS) yafakwa ngo-1940 ukukhonza nokusekela abantu abayizithulu, abazwayo nabanzima bokuzwa, abazali bezintatheli nabanzima bezingane zokuzwa nokufundisa umphakathi wokuzwa." Abahumushi be-SL baqala ukuqashelwa ngokuthi banikeza inkonzo ebalulekile ekuqaleni kwawo-1970.
Lokhu kwaholela ekwakhiweni kwe-Ontario Association of Interpreters Language Language (OASLI) ngo-1982. Abaningi be-SL Abahumushi bahlezi iziqinisekiso zokuqala ezinikezwa ngo-1989 ezihlala zikhona namuhla. Isitifiketi esiyisisekelo sinezigaba ezine eziqaphela abafundi-abahumushi - amakhono okusebenza njengoba kuhlolwe ngxoxiswano ebukhoma: Isitifiketi Esiphelele Sobunikazi (CSC), Isitifiketi Esibucayi Amakhono (RSC), Ukuhumusha Isitifiketi / I-Trans-literating Certification (IC / TC) Isitifiketi: Kuyaqondakala (i-OIC: C) neCredit Certification (i-OIC: CPC).
Njengamanje, kunesidingo se-SL abahumushi ukugcwalisa umklomelo phakathi kwezinombolo ezibalulekile zabantu abayizithulu kanye nokutholakala kwabahumushi. Empeleni, abahumushi abaningi abanalo ikhono lolimi oludingekayo ukuze bahumushe ngokuphumelelayo. Ngenxa yalokho, bavame ukunikeza ulwazi olungalungile olwenza ukudideka okuqhubekayo nokukhungatheka phakathi kwabantu abayizithulu nabantu abazwayo (Humphrey et al., 48).
Abahumushi akudingeki njalo
Okunye okungaqondakali kahle kwezwe lokuzwa ukuthi abantu abayizithulu bafuna ukuba khona komhumushi kuzo zonke izimo. Abantu abayizithulu, ngokudingekile, badinga ukuthi kube khona umhumushi we-SL lapho ehlanganyela kwezokwelapha, ezomthetho, ezomsebenzi, ezemfundo nezinye izindaba ezidinga ukuhlanganyela ngokugcwele ezweni lokuzwa. Kodwa-ke, ukungabikho kwe-SL Interpreters akuvimbeli ukukhulumisana kusuka ekutheni kwenzeke. Kunezinye izindlela zokuxhumana nomunye nomunye kufaka phakathi: ukuthinta, ukufundwa kwe-lip, ukubhala nokuthumela imiyalezo. [Inothi lomhlahlandlela: namakhompyutha, isib.Ukuhumusha Kwezemfundo eCanada
Ngokuqondene nabasebenzi be-SL abahumushi eCanada, izilungiselelo zemfundo, uMarty Taylor (1988) uqinisekisa ukuthi ukutholakala kwabo kwamakhasimende angama-Deaf kuzokwenza labo abakuleli bakwazi "ukuthola ukufinyeleleka okulinganayo" (38) kulabo abafuna impumelelo yezifundo. Ukusiza abafundi kuzo zonke amazinga ezemfundo, abahumushi kudingeka babambe isitifiketi sezochwepheshe kwelinye lalaba abalandelayo: Isitifiketi sochwepheshe: Legal (SC: L), Certificate Specialist: Ubuciko bokusebenza (SC: PA), noma isitifiketi seMasters Comprehensive Skills (MCSC) ).Izigaba zokuthola enye yalezi zitifiketi ziqala ukuthi zidlule ukuhlolwa okubhalwe phansi ngokubuza ulwazi lomfundi ngalokhu: umlando we-Association of Visual Language Interpreters of Canada (AVLIC) nezinye izinhlangano ezihlobene, imikhuba ye-SL Ukuhumusha, kanye nolwimi kanye namasiko abantu abayizithulu (124). Ngemuva kokuba umuntu eqede ingxenye ebhaliwe yokuhlolwa, usebenza ngaphansi kokuhlolwa okubizwa ngokuthi yi-Test of Interpretation (TOI).
Uma umuntu eseqedile zonke izidingo zesitifiketi sochwepheshe, uyinikezwa yiRegistry of Interpreters for the Deaf (RID). Ngokwenza kanjalo, ujoyina isikhundla sabanye abahumushi be-SL. Khona-ke abahumushi bayakufanelekela ukusebenzisana namakhasimende ahlukahlukene ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezilungiselelo: ingxoxo eyodwa, eyodwa, enkulu neqembu elikhulu.
Ukuqeqeshwa okuhumusha eCanada
Uhlu olulandelayo lwezikhungo okwamanje luhlinzeka izifundo zokuqeqesha ze-SL Abahumushi: iGeorge Brown College, Ontario, Douglas College, British Columbia, naseRed River College, eManitoba. Izikhungo eziningi ezihlinzeka izifundo zokuqeqeshwa ze-SL Interpreters ziye zaphoqeleka ukuba zivale ngenxa yokuhluleka ukuheha nokugcina izinombolo zamakilasi. Esinye isithiyo esikhulu samakholeji anikezela izinhlelo ze-SL yilapho inani eliphansi labafundi abaphothula izifundo. Izinombolo eziningi zabafundi abahlulekayo noma ukuphuma kulolu hlelo zibhekisela ezingeni eliphakeme lokucindezeleka okuhilelekile ekufundeni ulimi lwezandla lwamaMelika (ASL) ngesikhathi esifanayo nokuqonda indlela yokuyihumusha ngesiNgisi kanye ne-visa-versa. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi i-ASL "ulimi olubukwayo nolwazi lwaso lwe-syntax oluhluke ngokuphelele ne-English." Ngakho-ke, izinselele zokuba ngumhumushi we-SL zihle kakhulu ukuthi ngokudabukisayo kubangele abafundi abaningi be-SL beyeka izifundo zabo futhi beqede imigomo yabo yomsebenzi.UDavid Howell (2003) ubhala ezinye zezingqinamba zekholegi ebhekana nazo ngokuxoxa ngokuvala uhlelo lwe-SL Interpreter kuGrant MacEwan Community College: "Ngesonto eledlule uGrant MacEwan College umemezele ukuthi uhlelo lwazo lokuhumusha ulimi lwezandla luzophela lapho iklasi lamanje labafundi abangu-10 abaphothule kule nyanga.
'Kuyihlelo elibiza izindleko eziphansi,' kusho okhulumela ikolishi uMichelle Leveille ngaleso sikhathi. Ukunqunywa kuyingxenye yomzamo wekolishi okumele usebenzise imali engu-$ 2 million ngonyaka ozayo "(Cityplus, ngoJuni 5 2003. Ukulandela umkhuba wokulondoloza imali, nokunciphisa ukukhokhelwa kwemali kahulumeni kulezi zinhlelo, amanye amakolishi amaningi aseCanada baye bavala izinhlelo zabo ze-SL, isibonelo: uSheridan College, Ontario, iSydney Mary University, Nova Scotia, neCambrian College, e-Ontario.
Izithiyo Ezengeziwe Ze-SL Ukuhumusha Abaqedile
Abafundi abathweswa iziqu babhekana nesinye isithiyo lapho beqala imisebenzi yabo-ukungabi nalutho lwesipiliyoni, isitifiketi asihumushi kubahumushi abanolwazi olulungele ukuqeqeshwa. Inombolo ephansi yabafundi abasanda kutholwa, ngaphandle kwephutha labo, bazithola bengakulungele ukuziphatha njenge-SL Interpreters.Abafundi abathweswe iziqu ze-SL bafuna izinhlelo ezizosiza abaphothule emsebenzini.
Kuze kube sekugcineni, abaningi baya ezifundweni zamabanga aphansi ukuze bathole iziqinisekiso ezidingekayo ukuze baphumelele emkhakheni wabo. Kuze kube sekugcineni, bafuna ulwazi olubanzi lweSikhumbimi, IsiNgisi ne-ASL noma iCanada Sign Language (CSL). Ngokusho kukaHumphrey et al., Umlingisi ojwayelekile we-SL ohumusha uphethe "i-Bachelor's noma Master degree" (369).
Kodwa-ke, abalobi babonisa ukuthi izinga lokuphumelela labafundi abaphothule iziqu libukwa labo be-undergraduates, cishe amaphesenti ayishumi alabo ababhalisile ekuqaleni.
Ukuntuleka kwemali kahulumeni, yebhizinisi kanye neyimfihlo yokuthuthukiswa kokufundisa, ukuhlomisa kanye nokukhokha abahumushi be-SL abafanelekile kunqabile izidingo, izifiso namalungelo abantu abayizithulu abazama ukuphila ngokugcwele, okulinganiselayo emphakathini wokuzwa.
Imisebenzi kanye nemithwalo yemithwalo yemisebenzi ye-SL
Ngokusho kukaRon Hahn (1996), iningi labase-SL abahumushi "banalo ikhono lokuhumusha elinamandla," okubenza bakwazi ukuthuthukisa nokwakha "idumela lakhe" (12). Ukusebenza njengabaqeqeshi abaphendulayo, abakwa-SL abahumushi banomthwalo wokusiza ukuxhumana phakathi kwabasebenzisi bezandla zolimi (abayizithulu nabanzima bokuzwa) nabasebenzisi abangabonakali (ukuzwa). Ngempela, igama, umhumushi, libhekisela kumuntu ohumusha phakathi kwabantu ababili noma ngaphezulu ngezindlela ezihlukile zokuxhumana noma okhuluma izilimi ezahlukene.Abahumushi abafanelekile bafuna ukubhubhisa futhi bajoyine imihlaba emibili ndawonye-ukuzwa nokuzizwa. Nanobe isikhungo se-SL Interpreters 'sokuziphendulela ekuhumusheni ulwazi ekulaleleni nabathengi abayizintatheli, "izinkinga zolimi zenza kube nokuhlukunyezwa okukhulu phakathi kwabahumushi, izikhulu zezikole, nabafundi abayiziDaba" (Lane et al., 1999: 259).
Yimithwalo yemfanelo ye-SL Interpreters ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi luchazwa ngokucacile kubo bobabili amaqembu, kuhlanganise nesilulumagama se-ASL nesakhiwo sokudluliselwa.
Ngokuphathelene nezinkinga zokudlulisela ulwazi kubo bobabili amaqembu, omunye wabacwaningi bami, uBob, onguchwepheshe we-SL owaziwayo, uyaphendula: "Izikhathi ezivame ukushicilelwa izabelo kunesiqalo esicacile, esiphakathi futhi siphethe indima yami njengomhumushi" (" Ingxoxo, "19 Febhuwari 2006). Isitatimende sikaBob sikhombisa ukuthi ubuhlobo obuphakathi kwe-SL Interpreters kanye namakhasimende aDeaf alwela kanjani ukulandela indlela ecacile, eqondile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhumusha kolwazi kuyabonakala.
Lokhu kusekela ukuphikisana kukaLane et al. Ukuthi bonke abahumushi be-SL, ngenkathi besebenza namakhasimende e-Deaf, kufanele babe "nekhono elihilelekile [elidinga] ulwazi oluthe xaxa lwe-ASL" (258).
Ulwazi nolwazi lwe-SL Interpreters luyadingeka ngokukhethekile lapho abathengi abayizithulu bezitholakala ezimweni ezibucayi ezidinga ukuxhumana okucacile. Isibonelo, uma abathengi bezintatheli besesimweni esibhekene nomthetho, usizo lwezingane noma izimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha.
Ukuze abe ngumhumushi, umuntu kufanele abe nesizwe esizwelayo futhi azimisele ukwenza umxhumanisi phakathi kwezwe elingazizwayo nezokuzwa. Lapho umuntu ephenduka umhumushi, uyayazi ukukhulumisana okuvela kuzo zombili zomhlaba-isiNgisi ne-ASL-kanti amanye amaqembu awenzi.
Ngakho-ke, "amakhono nolwazi oluhunyushwe kakhulu" (257), okuyisisekelo esiyinhloko sokuthi abathengi abayizithulu badinga ukufinyeleleka kubantu abaqeqeshiwe, abanekhono, abahumushi be-SL. Kudingeka bakwazi ukudweba ngezizinda zabo ngezindlela eziwusizo ukuze bakwazi ukuhumusha kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesimo, njengezinkomfa, imihlangano, imisebenzi, izikole, izinkantolo zomthetho noma izibhedlela.Abahumushi Bangabasebenzi Kodwa Bomuntu
Umlayenti ongenalwazi, uLola, uhalalisela abahumushi be-SL njengabachwepheshe ngoba ukholelwa ukuthi "benza umsebenzi omuhle, futhi banomusa ngokwanele ukuya ekolishi ukuze bafunde ukuhumusha abantu abayizithulu" u-Lola uyaqhubeka, "Siyabudinga, ngaphandle kwabo , sasizokhungatheka, sibhekane nobunzima futhi sibe nokukhulumisana okulinganiselwe. " Ukubonga kukaLola kubonisa imicabango yamakhasimende amaningi kubahumushi abafanelekayo. Abathengi abayizithulu banenhlonipho enkulu kwabakwa-SL Abahumushi, abazinika isikhathi sokuqedela imfundo yabo ukuze babe abahumushi abaqeqeshiwe.I-RID "yinhlangano kazwelonke yobuchwepheshe yabahumushi-ineqembu elithakazelisayo labahumushi bezemfundo" abafuna ukuqeqeshwa kangcono (Lane et al., 257). ULane et al., Uthi "kufanelekile [ku-SL Abahumushi ukuba] badingeke ukuba babambe idigriji uma bekhetha ukusebenza esimweni sokufundisa" (261). Kodwa-ke, umhumushi engangikuxoxela, uMike, uthi, "Angiyena umshini!" Umshini womusho uyisitatimende esinamandla esicindezela umthwalo nokucindezela komhumushi ukuhumusha izilimi ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa besebenzisa amakhono angokwenyama nengqondo. Njengoba uMike eveza, abahumushi be-SL abanolwazi abanakulindela ukuba babe nomzwelo futhi bangenabuhlungu ngenkathi bebenza amahora amaningi adingekayo ngezinye izikhathi. Ngakho, ukumemeza kukaMike kubonisa izidingo zabahumushi ukuze kubonakale njengabantu futhi hhayi nje "amathuluzi" nje.
Ngokusho kukaJan Kanda (1990), enye indlela abahumushi bahlala bezondla ngokuzikhandla, kodwa okwenzakalayo, umsebenzi wokuzibandakanya ukuhambisana nomsebenzi wokuhlobisa. Ngakho-ke, lo mhumushi ugcina ibanga elibuchwepheshe kusuka kumakhasimende akhe ukuze "akwazi ukuthintana nokuxhumana nabantu namakhasimende abo" ngenkathi esebenza (2).
U-Sal, iklayenti, kusho ukuthi abaningi abahumushi benza konke okusemandleni abo ukuze "baxhase amaqembu abathintekayo, [ngoba] ukubaluleka kubalulekile futhi kungathathi hlangothi. Kubalulekile ukunamathela kule migomo ukulungisa izingxoxo ezingokomzwelo ezenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukubandakanywa kungaba yinkinga futhi kuphazamise inqubo yokuhumusha "
Ukusho okungenani, indima ye-SL Abahumushi kuyinselele ngoba kudingeka baqaphele izindima zabo nemithwalo yabo yemfanelo ngokungaziqondi kahle ngokomzimba, ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo ngesikhathi besebenza namakhasimende ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukunakekelwa okufanele kuthathwe ukuze kusetshenziswe kumakhasimende abo nakwabo.
Ubudlelwano Phakathi Kwama-Interpreters SL nabathengi
Ekuxoxiseni ubudlelwane phakathi kwamakhasimende nabakwa-SL abahumushi, ngifisa ukuphawula ukuthi ngibhala ngesikhundla esiphakamisiwe: i-Deaf, intsha, inomnyama, umfundi wesifazane. Lokho sekushiwo, ngiye ngazama ukukhuluma ngendaba yami ngendlela yesazi. Isigaba esilandelayo sibheka ama-akhawunti okuqala ngesandla kusuka kumakhasimende wezithulu kanye ne-SL Interpreters. Lezi zingxoxo zadonswa kusuka echibini labangane bomuntu siqu, ezimele zonke izici zokuphila, kanye ne-SL Interpreters engisebenza nabo esikhathini esidlule.Ucwaningo lwamacala ka-1998 lubhekene nezakhi zokuqeqeshwa: ikhono lokuphatha iklayenti lomuntu ngenhlonipho nangesithunzi, ukuvimbela ezithakazelweni zakhe kanye nezinkathazo zokusiza kangcono iklayenti, ukuzama ukuhlangabezana nezidingo iklayenti esikhundleni sokubeka izakhiwo nezinqubo ezingenamandla kubo.
Ngesikhathi kubhala leli phepha, ngazijwayele ukucwaninga kwamacala alandelayo futhi ngathola izinkinga eziyinhloko zokuthembana noma ukungabi khona kwazo, okuhambisana nalesi sigaba.
Iklayenti yayiyintombazane eneminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu ubudala, "uRose," oye esikoleni esiphakeme okokuqala okokuqala. Njengoba uRose wangena ebangeni leshumi, efundiswe ezikoleni zeDeaf, i-CHS yamnika owesifazane "omangalisayo", "Pat". U-Rose noPat babehlonipha omunye nomunye ukuthi bahlangabezane nemigomo yobuchwepheshe obubalwe ngenhla. UPat wayemusa, unomusa futhi wakhuthaza uRose. URose, osemusha obhekene nesistimu yesikole okokuqala ngqa, uhlanganiswe noPat futhi wadabuka kakhulu ukubona ukuthi uhamba ngekhefu lokubeletha.
Nokho, uRose waqinisekiswa ukuthi uPat uzobuya ekugcineni futhi wamukele uPat esikhundleni sakhe, "Beth."
URose waqala ukubona izitayela eziphazamisayo ebuhlotsheni bakhe noBet. Ngokwesibonelo, uBeth wayevame ukubekezela ngoRose. I-CHS, izikole eziyizithulu kanye nesistimu yesikole esidlangalaleni ukuthi uRose waya khona wahluleka ukumtshela ngelungelo lakhe kumuntu othatha inothi. Ngakho uRose wazama ukuthatha amanothi akhe. Lapho uRose ekhothama ikhanda ukuba abhale, uBeth wayezocasuka futhi abe nesineke, ahlazise uRose phambi kwabantwana afunda nabo. UBeth wayezongena ukuze athole ukunakekelwa kukaRose bese emtshela ukuba "alalele" futhi anganciphisi ikhanda lakhe.
Kusobala ukuthi uRose wabuhlungu,
esaba futhi ehlazeka yikuziphatha kukaBet. Amehlo kaRose "ayengazwakalisa izinyembezi," futhi uBeth wayezo "gubha amehlo akhe athukuthele." UBet wabe eseqede ukuxhumana kwakhe okuyimfihlo lapho ekhuluma nomunye umhumushi ngesikhathi sokuphumula sasemini, ehlekisa uRose ukuze abonise ukuthi wayeziphendulela kanjani ezenzweni zikaBeti ezingenangqondo zokuthi "ulalele" kuphela.Ukusola kukaRose nokungazethembi iBeth kwakhula njengoba ukuziphatha kukaBeth kungalungile kuqhubeka.
Ngenhlanhla, abafundi bakaRose babesekela kakhulu ngoba bezwela isimo sakhe. UBeth waba ngumngane ongathandeki ekilasini futhi othandana nabo uRose babevame "ukumkhulula" eBet's tirades. Naphezu kokusekela abafundi esikoleni, uRose waphelelwa ukuzithemba, ukuhlukumeza ukukhathazeka nokukhathazeka lapho ehlangana noBeth. URose, umfundi ozinikezele futhi ophumelelayo, uhlulekile ukuhlolwa ngenxa yokwesaba nokukhathazeka ngenxa yokuthi uBeth wayekhona.
Ekugcineni usuku lwafika lapho uPat ebuya futhi eBeth esele. Imiphumela yeBhethi kuRose yahlakazeka ngaphansi kokunakekelwa nokuhlonishwa ngulowo owayengumhumushi, uPat. U-Rose wazizwa eqinisekisiwe ukuze afunde ukuthi ukuziphatha kukaBheti kwakukwephula ngokuqondile "I-Code of Ethics" ye-AVLIC. Kodwa-ke, isici esibuhlungu kunazo zonke ebuhlotsheni bukaRose noBeth senza ukuba iBeth ithinte ukuthembela kwabahumushi kanye nomonakalo owenziwe emsebenzini wakhe wesikole ngenkathi eqondiswa iBeth.
Okuhlangenwe nakho kukaRose kubonisa ukuthi kwenzekani lapho umhumushi we-SL, njengoBheth, engaboni inhlonipho kumakhasimende akhe, uRose. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imiphumela kuRose yabangela ukungaqiniseki kwesikhathi eside futhi ukwesaba ukuthi isimo esifanayo senzeke futhi lapho uhlangana nomhumushi omusha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uRose wazinika amandla ngokwaziswa ngelungelo lakhe lokuphelisa lo mlingisi weS SL njengoBhethi.
Amalungelo Omthengi Ngokuphathelene Nezihumushi
Ngokuphathelene nobuhlobo phakathi kwamaklayenti kanye ne-SL Abahumushi, u-Angela Stratiy (1995) unxusa ukuthi amaklayenti anamalungelo ngokuqasha kwe-SL ohumusha ochwepheshe: 1) Sinelungelo lokufinyelela okulinganayo kolwazi.
2) Sinelungelo lokukhetha abahumushi bethu.
3) Sinelungelo lokwenqaba ukwamukela umhumushi ongafaneleki noma ongenalwazi.
4) Sinelungelo lokutshela umhumushi ukuthi sinokuqonda okunzima noma ukuthi sizizwa singakhululekile naye.
5) Sinelungelo lokutshela umhumushi kanye / noma umqashi wakhe ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa okudingekile kuyadingeka.
6) Sinelungelo lokukholelwa ukuthi imibono yethu mayelana nekhono lomhumushi iyigugu. (Isivakashi Somhleli: Ingabe Unelisekile Ngabahumushi? 3)
Uhlu lwezintandokazi zamalungelo amaklayenti wezintatheli nezibopho ziqinisa ukuzwa komunye umuntu oxoxwa naye, "uSherry": "Ukuqasha i-SL Interpreter kuyingxenye yezimiso ezinkulu ezilawula ubudlelwane bazo ezizosiza izizathu ezingokoqobo zenkonzo yabo kwabathengi abayizithulu." U-Sherry ugcizelela ukuthi ama-Deaf amakhasimende kufanele asebenzise njalo ochwepheshe okhonza izidingo zamakhasimende. "Abahumushi be-SL kufanele baqeqeshwe, bangabonisi futhi banomsebenzi." Amakhasimende amaningi anxusa abakwa-SL abahumushi abaneminyaka eminingi futhi abanamathela ku-"Code of Ethics" ye-AVLIC.
I-ASL / i-English Interpreter yezobuchwepheshe, uMartin Koob (1996) uxoxisana nalesi sihloko esithi, "Ukubuka Ikusasa: Ukuba Uchwepheshe," izinkinga ezintathu ezihlupha ubuhlobo phakathi kwamakhasimende nabahumushi bazo:
- Uma umuntu osebenza njengomhumushi engafanelekile ukwenza lo msebenzi, akukho lutho olungenziwa ukuze avimbele ukuthi bangasebenzi njengomhumushi.
- Uma umuntu osebenza njengomhumushi engaziphathe ngendlela yokuziphatha, akuyona indlela ngempela yokuzigweba.
- Uma umhumushi ephula umthetho ngenkathi enza umsebenzi wakhe njengomhumushi, ayikho indlela ehlelekile yokumvimbela ukuba aqhubeke nokusebenza njengomhumushi (14).
Ngokusho komthengi oyisiphukuphuku, u-Elizabeth, "uwela kumhumushi ukuze angenzi isimo lapho kungase kuvele khona izingxabano phakathi kwamakhasimende nabakwa-SL abahumushi. Ukuze abhekane nezingxabano ezivela, u-Elizabeth uyakholwa ukuthi kungcono "ukubhekana nakho ngokukhululeka nangokusheshisa." Amaklayenti kanye ne-SL Abahumushi banezindlela eziningi zokubhekana nazo zonke izinhlobo zezingxabano ezivela ngesikhathi sabo ndawonye.
Isibonelo, uManny, iklayenti lezithulu, ukhuluma ngecebo lakhe ekubhekaneni nezingxabano nomhumushi wakhe: "Ngilinda kuze kube sekupheleni kwekilasi, thola indawo yangasese, njengendawo ekhoneni lomgwaqo,
ukuxoxa ngasese ngezinto engizikhathazayo mayelana nalokhu nokuthi lokho, izinto engizithandiyo futhi ngifisa ukuzishintsha. Ngabe nginikeza ezinye izindlela ukuba sivumelane ngazo. "Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi abahumushi be-SL banelungelo elifanayo lokuphathwa ngenhlonipho ngamakhasimende abo. Isitatimende sangaphambili sikaMike," Angiyena umshini, "sibheka. ukuphatha kabi omunye, kodwa unesibopho sokuxhumana ngokuhlonipha nangomsebenzi.Ngokusho kukaCynthia B.
URoy (1995), indima ye-SL Interpreter ingachazwa njengobuchwepheshe uma umuntu enalokhu okulandelayo:
- Gcwalisa ukushelela ngezilimi ezimbili (kulokhu, ulimi lwezandla lwamaMelika kanye nesiNgisi)
- Amakhono okuhumusha
- Ulwazi olubanzi jikelele
- Ukwaziswa kwensimu lapho ahumusha khona
- Ukuzwela kwe-Bicultural, futhi
- Umqondo othuthukile kakhulu wokusebenza (137).
Ngokusho kuka "Sylvia," i-SL Interpreter: "Ukungqubuzana okuningi kuvela kubathengi abangazi ukuthi umsebenzi wami ungubani (noma awukho!) Lokhu kubonakala sengathi kuvela kwabathengi abaningi abazwayo kuneziDaba. Iningi lazizithulu liyazi ngabahumushi futhi phonsa imingcele.
Abanye abathengi abazwayo bangakhathazeki nami nomuntu oyisiphukuphuku, lapho ukuzwa kungenangqondo, ngisho nokudinga ngezinye izikhathi. "
Noma kunjalo, imingcele iwele. Isibonelo, lapho ibanga lobuchwepheshe liqala ukuguqulwa libe ubuhlobo bomuntu siqu. Lokhu kubangelwa abaningi be-SL Interpreters abasebenza nabathengi abayizithulu (kanye nabathengi abazwayo) njengoba uSylvia egcizelela: "Uma usebenza nomunye isikhathi kunzima ukuthi kugcinwe isimo somsebenzi, esinqatshelwe.
Ngeke ukwazi ukusiza kodwa ukwazi abantu osebenza nabo, futhi ngokuvamile abathengi abayizithulu bazokhuluma nabahumushi ngaphezu kwabantu abazwayo (futhi ngokuphambene nalokho), okujula kuphela isibopho sabo. "
Ukuthuthukisa ukubambisana akufanele kubonakale sengathi kuyinto engathandeki kunoma yiliphi iqembu ngoba livame ukudala umuzwa wokuxhumeka komuntu kwelinye izwe elifunwa yi-client noma i-Deaf client. Ukubonga okunjalo okwandayo kwezwe elihlukile lomunye nomunye kwenza kube lula ngumhumushi. Ukuzibandakanya komuntu ohumushayo, uma nje kungaphakathi kwesikhungo sobuchwepheshe, kungase kuzuze ukuzwa noma iklayenti lezithulu.
Isiphetho:
I-SL Abahumushi baqashwa kuphela ukusiza ukukhulumisana phakathi kokulalela nabathengi abayizithulu. Eqinisweni, kuyilapho abantu abazwayo nabangezwayo bekhuluma, i-SL Abahumushi akudingeki baqaphele, kodwa baphathwe njengokungabikho noma abangabonakali emva kokuvuma kokuqala nokwethulwa. Izinkinga (eCanada) ezihlobene nabahumushi be-SL zibandakanya: ukunciphisa uhulumeni, ukungabi nakakhulu kwezingane okukhanga kulo msebenzi, ukungabi nabathengi abafanelekayo be-SL kanye nokufunwa kwezingxenye zezwe lokuzwa kanye nezwe elizizwela labahumushi.
Izinsiza
Ngakho Ufuna Ukuba Umhumushi? (Edition 2nd) Humphrey & Alcorn copyright 1995
I-AVLIC. (2006). I-Association of Language Interpreters of Canada. Julayi 2000.
UBryman, u-Alan. (2004). Izindlela Zokucwaninga Komphakathi I-New York: I-Oxford University Press.
Butterworth, uRob R. no-Flodin, uMickey. (1995). I-Perigee Visual Dictionary Yokusayina. I-New York: Incwadi ethi Perigee.
I-Canadian Hearing Society. (2006). "Izinkonzo ze-Ontario Interpreter." 14 Ephreli 2006.
UCarroll, Lewis. Alice In Wonderland (1869). IIIust. URalph Steadman. I-New York: CN Potter, 1973.
U-Howell, uDavid. (2003). "I-Course ekhanseliwe 'Ukulahleka Okukhulu' Kwabezizwela: Abahumushi Lulwimi Lwesibonakaliso Sekuvele Kunokuthengwa Okufushane." Cityplus.
5 Juni 2003.
UHumphrey, uJanice H., no-Alcorn, uBob J. (1995). Ngakho Ufuna Ukuba Umhumushi? Isingeniso solimi lwezandla ukuhumusha. Edition 2nd. I-Texas: Abashicileli be-H & H.
Kanda, Jan. (1989). Yini eyenza Umhumushi "Olungile"? "Isivumelwano, eNyakatho California.
U-Koob, uMartin (1996). "Ukubuka Ikusasa: Ukuba Uchwepheshe." I-AVLIC News, 10 (2), engu-14.
Lane, Harlan, Hoffmeister, uRobert noBhanhan, uBen. (1996). Uhambo oluya ezweni elingenalutho. I-New York: DawnSignPress.
OASLI. I-Ontario Association of Interpreters Language Language. (2006). IMIYALELO YOKUPHAKATHI. IMilton, eCanada.
Roy, uCynthia B. (1993). "Inkinga ngezincazelo, izincazelo kanye nemidwebo yendima yabahumushi." I-Journal of Interpretation. 127-154.
U-Stratiy, u-Angela. (1996). "Uyaneliseka ngabahumushi?" Izithulu zaseCanada, 2 (3), 2-3.
Taylor, Marty. (1988). "Abahumushi beLimi Lwesineke Imfundo eCanada." Amaphepha avela kwiNgqungquthela ka-1988 ye-Association of Visual Language Interpreters of Canada. I-Edmonton: I-AVLIC.