Ukufa okungazelelwe kwe-athlete encane, ebonakalayo enempilo kuyingozi enkulu. Ngenkathi izinkinga ukuthi noma ubani owanikezwa umdlali uzokufa ngokuzumayo zincane kakhulu (ngezilinganiso ezivela ku-1 kuya ku-50 000 kuya ku-1 ku-300,000 eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-10), ukufa okungazelelwe okwenzeka ngokuphazima kweso kumndeni, abangane kanye nomphakathi.
Iningi lalaba bafa ngokuzumayo lihlobene nezimo zengqondo ezingezansi ezazitholwa ngaphambi komcimbi obulalayo.
Isenzakalo esibulalayo ngokwayo ngokuvamile siwu-arrhythmia wesifo esibi esibizwa ngokuthi i- fibrication ye-ventricular . Iningi lalaba bantu abasha abampofu kakhulu, lapho bebhekene nesimo senhliziyo yabo, kubangela ukuhleleka kokubulala.
Izimo ze-Cardiac ezandisa ingozi
Iminyaka ebonakala ihlukanisa "abadlali abasha" abagijimi "abangewona abasha" iminyaka engu-35. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala, ukufa okungazelelwe kwabagijimi ngokuvamile kubangelwa isifo somzimba we-coronary ngenxa yesifo sokuqina kwamathambo .
Ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala, ukufa ngokungazelelwe kubagijimi kuvame ukuhlobene nezimo zenhliziyo zokubeletha noma zofuzo, noma okungavamile, ukutheleleka noma izifo ezivuvukalayo.
Izimo zenhliziyo ezingase zandisa ingozi yokufa okungazelelwe ziwela emikhakheni emibili ejwayelekile: Isifo senhliziyo esisemqoka (lapho inhliziyo ihlelekile khona, noma i-anatomically, engavamile), nesifo senhliziyo esingenasakhiwo (lapho inhliziyo ihlelekile khona; iziguli zinezinhliziyo ezingavamile).
Nasi uhlu lwezimo zenhliziyo ezingakhuphula ingozi yokufa ngokuzumayo abagijimi abasha.
Izifo Zezinhliziyo Zengqungquthela
- I-cardiomyopathy ye-hypertrophic
- Ukungajwayelekile kwamahhala we-coronary arteries
- I-Mitral valve iyaqhubeka
- I-Myocarditis
- I-arrhythmogenic ye-ventricular cardiomyopathy
- I-Marfan syndrome
- Isifo senhliziyo esiphumele
Ayikho isifo senhliziyo yesakhiwo
- I-Long QT syndrome
- I-Brugada syndrome
- I-catecholamine polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
E-United States, izinkinga ezivame kakhulu zemizwa yenhliziyo ezitholakala ekuhlolweni kokudlula kokufa kwabantu abadlali abasha abafa ngokuzumayo yi-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (36%) nokungajwayelekile kokubeletha emithanjeni ye-coronary (cishe 20%). Okusele kusezingeni eliphansi ngokwehlukana phakathi kwezinye izimbangela kulolu hlu. Ngokuphawulekayo, ngaphezu kwengxenye yabantu abasha abafa ngokuzumayo ne-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy yi-African-American.
Izimo ezihambelana nalezi zimo azibonakali ukubamba ezinye izindawo. Ngokwesibonelo, eNyakatho Italy, imbangela evame kakhulu yokufa ngokuzumayo kubagijimi abasha i-arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (22%), kuyilapho i-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy kuphela i-2%.
Ngokuvamile, iningi lalezi zimo ingozi yokufa okungazelelwe iyona ephezulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza okudinga ukuthi a) ukuqhuma okukhulu kakhulu, njenge-sprinting, ibhola lebhola, ibhola basketball kanye ne-tennis; 2) izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ezijulile; noma 3) ukuzivocavoca ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu zokushisa, umswakama, kanye / noma ukuphakama. Izincomo zokusetshenziswa kwesimo ngasinye zithatha lezi zici ngokucabangela.
Ukuhlola Abadlali Abasha Abashayela Izimo Ze-Cardiac
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi, futhi kangakanani, ukuhlola izigijimi ezincane ngezimo zenhliziyo ezingababeka engozini yokufa okungazelelwe ziba umbuzo onzima futhi onzima .
Imithombo:
Maron, B, Chaitman, BR, Ackerman, MJ, et al.Izincomo zomsebenzi womzimba nokuzibandakanya kwezemidlalo zokuzilibazisa iziguli ezincane ezinezifo zengqondo zomzimba. Ukujikeleza kuka-2004; 109: 2807.
Pelliccia, A, Fagard, R, Bjornstad, HH, et al. Izincomo zokubamba iqhaza kwezemidlalo kumncintiswano abanezifo zenhliziyo: isitifiketi sokuvumelanisa esivela kuQembu Lokufunda lezemidlalo yezinhliziyo zeqembu elisebenzayo lokuvuselela izinhliziyo kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba kanye neqembu elisebenzayo leMyocardial and Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology. I-Eur Heart J 2005; 26: 1422.