Ukuqhathanisa Ukusinda KwamaMidiya kuya Kusinda Okuphakathi
Kusho ukuthini igama lezokwelapha "ukusinda okuphakathi?" Ake sibuke ukuthi nini futhi kungani unganikwa ulwazi ngokusinda kwakho okuphakathi, ukuthi lesi sibalo sihluke kanjani "kumanani okusinda" nokuthi yini okufanele uyazi uma uzizwa ukhathazekile ngokuziphendulela kwakho.
Incazelo: Ukusinda eMphakathi
Ukusinda kweMedian kuchazwa njengesikhathi esilandelayo lapho amaphesenti angu-50 abantu abanesimo esithile esaphila, kanti amaphesenti angu-50 afile.
Isibonelo, ukusinda okuphakathi kwezinyanga ezingu-6 kungabonisa ukuthi emva kwezinyanga ezingu-6, amaphesenti angu-50 abantu abanalolo mkhuba babeyophila, kanti amaphesenti angu-50 ayedlulile.
Uma i-Term Median Survival ingasetshenziswa
Kunezindlela eziningi ongase uzizwe igama elithi ukusinda kwe-median elisetshenzisiwe:
- Njengencazelo yezinzuzo zokwelashwa.
- Njengengqikithi yokubikezelwa kwesimo. Isibonelo, ukusinda okuphakathi kungasetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukuchazwa kwesifo lapho izinga lokusinda lincane khona. Abantu bahlala isikhathi esingakanani?
- Njengombono wokuphela ekuhlolweni komtholampilo .
Ukuqhathanisa nokuPhathelene nokuPhepha kweMedian kwezinye izibalo
Ukusinda kweMedian kusetshenziselwa ukukhuluma ngezindlela eziningi zokwelashwa ngomdlavuza. Kungaba isilinganiso esingcono kunesilinganiso sokusinda isilinganiso (isikhathi esiphezulu somuntu othile uhlala isibonelo) uma kunokuhluka okubanzi endleleni abantu abaphendula ngayo esimweni noma ekwelapheni.
Ezinye izimpawu ezimbalwa ongazizwa zihlanganisa izinga lokusinda, ukusinda okungaqhubeki kokuqhubeka nokuningi, okuchazwe kulesi sihloko.
Izinzuzo Nezinkinga Zokusebenzisa Ukusinda Kwama-Median neCanscer
Ngaphandle kokungena engxoxweni yezibalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi noma yikuphi ukubalwa kwezibalo kunokonakala lapho kuchaza isikhathi sokuphila komdlavuza, noma inzuzo yokwelapha.
Izibonelo ezimbalwa zibalulwe ngezansi.
- I-Advantage: Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okwandisa ukusinda ngezinsuku noma amasonto noma ngisho nezinyanga, isikhathi sesikhathi sokuphila singase sibone ukuthi kungcono kanjani ukwelashwa okusebenzayo. Isibonelo, ukwelapha okungaqondakali kungakwandisa isikhathi sokusinda esiphakathi nenyanga ngezinyanga ezingu-4 - isibonelo, isigamu sabantu singaphila izinyanga ezingu-16 kunenyanga ezingu-12 ngokuphathwa. Njengoba abantu abaningi bengenakuphila isikhathi eside, izilinganiso ezifana nesilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu yokusinda noma ngisho neminyaka emibili yokusinda angeke kubonise ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukwelashwa ukunikeza abantu izinyanga ezingu-4 ezengeziwe (futhi zithemba okuhle) ukuze ziphile.
- Ukungalungi: Ukungahle kwenzeke uma ukwelashwa kubangele imiphumela emihle kakhulu yesikhathi eside, kodwa ngaphansi kwengxenye yabantu, phansi komugqa. Uma abantu abangaphezu kwesigamu bafa eminyakeni emibili yokuqala yokuphila komphakathi kungaba ngaphansi kweminyaka emibili. Kulesi simo, mhlawumbe ukwelashwa okucatshangelwayo, uma kukhuthazwe eminyakeni emibili yokuqala kungaholela ekusinde isikhathi eside. Kulesi sibonelo, kungenzeka ukuthi amaphesenti angu-30 abantu ahlala iminyaka emihlanu emva kokwelashwa kanti amaphesenti amahlanu kuphela ahlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Kulesi simo, izinga lokusinda iminyaka engu-5 lingasho okuningi mayelana nokwelashwa okungaphezu kokusinda komphakathi.
Isitatimende Sokubaluleka Kwezemithi Ukuphila KwamaMedian
Kubalulekile ukuphindaphinda lokho kubaluleka kokubaluleka nokubaluleka komtholampilo akuzona izinto ezifanayo. Ukubaluleka kwesitatimende (ukuthi, ukuthi abacwaningi abathokozile bangathola kanjani emkhakheni wocwaningo) inikeza ulwazi mayelana nokuthembeka kwesifundo, kanti ukubaluleka komtholampilo kubonisa ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani lokhu kubantu ngabanye. Kunezinhlobo eziningi eziguqukayo okumelwe zicatshangelwe, njengokungathi ushintsho ekusindeni okuphakathi, ukubekezela kokwelashwa okushintsha ukusinda okuphakathi, kanye nobuthi.
Isibonelo esishiwo yisibalo semithi embalwa ehlosiwe esetshenziselwa umdlavuza we-pancreatic.
Ucwaningo olubonisa ukuthi inhlanganisela yandisa ukusinda okuphakathi kwenyanga kusukela ku-5.91 kuya ezinyangeni ezingu-6.24 kwakubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa hhayi kakhulu emtholampilo. Kulesi sibonelo, ukubaluleka komtholampilo kwakuwukuthi abantu bahlala, ngokwesilinganiso, izinsuku ezingu-10 ngaphezulu, kanti futhi bebhekene nemiphumela emibi kanye nezindleko zokwelapha.
Kwezinye izimo, isifundo singase singabi nokubaluleka okukhulu kwamanani kodwa singase sibe nemibono ephawulekayo emitholampilo; abantu bazobhekana nokuthuthukiswa okukhulu.
Izibalo ziyiNombolo ABANTU
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubhala ukuthi izibalo zanoma yiluphi uhlobo ziyizinombolo nje. Abantu bahlukahluka kakhulu endleleni abasabela ngayo empilweni nokuthi bahlala isikhathi eside kangakanani ngezifo ezihlukahlukene. Kunezici eziningi ezingakhuphula noma ukunciphisa ithuba lomuntu lokuphila nomdlavuza.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi noma yiziphi izibalo ozizwa ngomdlavuza ngokuvamile uneminyaka embalwa ubudala. Intuthuko yenziwa ekwelashweni komdlavuza. Izibalo ezithathwe ngokuphindaphindiwe eziphathelene nomdlavuza wamaphaphu zineminyaka emihlanu ubudala. Lokho kusho ukuthi kwakunezinye izindlela zokwelashwa ezivunyelwe umdlavuza wamaphaphu esikhathini esizayo kusukela ngo-2012 kuya ku-2017, kunaneminyaka engama-40 ngaphambi kuka-2011. Lesi yisinye sezizathu eziningi zokulenga ithemba.
Izibonelo:
UJack watshelwa ukuthi ukusinda komphakathi kubantu abanesifo somdlavuza we-3B wesigaba sezinyanga ezingu-13. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, ngokwezibalo, wayenethuba elingamaphesenti angu-50 lokuphila nesifo sakhe ezinyangeni ezingu-13.
> Imithombo:
> Izindleko zeChiba, Y. Kaplan-Meier zokusinda ezimpikeni ze-Causal nemiphumela yesikhashana. Izivivinyo zemitholampilo . 2013. 10 (4): 515-21.
> Ranganathan, P., Pramesh, C., noM. Buyse. Izibhamu ze-Comon ekuhlaziyweni kwesitatimende: Ukubaluleka kwemitholampilo ngokubaluleka kwesitatimende. Izindlela zokuPhenywa Kwezokwelapha . 2015. 6 (3): 169-170.