I-Buildup ye-fluid noma i-air endaweni ye-pleural ibangela kakhulu ukuphefumula
Iyini isigcawu somlomo, futhi yini injongo yayo? Iziphi izimo zezokwelapha ezingabandakanya izinkinga nale ngxenye yomzimba?
Ukukhishwa kwamanzi okuyisisekelo kungumthombo wokukhuphuka ngokweqile emgodini wesikhala, isikhala esigcwele amanzi esungeze amaphaphu. Ngenye yezinkinga eziningana eziphazamisa isikhala somswakama futhi ongaphazamisa ngokuqondile ukukhuliswa kwamaphaphu kanye nokukwazi komuntu ukuphefumula.
Ukuqoqwa kwamanzi okugeleza kungabuka kunoma yini ephuma kuma-ounces ambalwa kuya kwamalitha amaningana. Ukutheleleka nge-viral kanye nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo ngokukhululekile kungenye yezimbangela eziningi. Izimo ezifanayo zihilela ukwakha umoya noma igazi endaweni yokukhala.
I-Anatomy ye-Pleural Cavity
Umgudu wesikhala uyindawo ephakathi kwe- pleura , i-membranes emibili engumzila futhi ejikeleze amaphaphu. Umgudu wesikhala uqukethe amanzi amancane awaziwa ngokuthi yi- pleural fluid , enikeza ukugcoba njengoba amaphaphu ekhula futhi enkontileka ngesikhathi sokuphefumula.
Umcengezi wesikhala uqukethe u-parietal pleura ohlanganiswe nodonga lwesifuba kanye nenyembezi ye-visceral ehlanganiswe namaphaphu. Esikhathini esiphezulu sesikhala singaphakathi kwamakhomitha angu-15 no-20 we-fluid (amakhophi angama-amathathu kuya kwangu-4) afihliwe yi-pleura. (Ngokuphambene nalokho, nge-pleural pleusion lesi sikhala singase sande sibe nezinamba eziningana zamanzi, uketshezi okungase kusebenze ukucindezela amaphaphu angaphansi.)
Indima ye-pleural cavity iqhaza ukukhulisa nokweqa kwamapayipi ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukuthi yenza kahle ngokusiza umfutho wokugcoba. Iphinde isebenze njenge-vacuum, umahluko phakathi kwengcindezi phakathi kwamaphaphu kanye nesigxobo sezinyembezi ekwakheni i-push-and-pull edingekayo ukuze ivuse futhi ixoshe umoya.
Ukuphazamiseka Okubandakanya I-Pleural Cavity
Ukuba khona kwamanzi amaningi, umoya, noma igesi emgodini wesikhala kungaphazamisa ikhono lethu lokuphefumula. Phakathi kwezimo ezithinta kakhulu umcengezi wesikhala:
- Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ukuhlushwa (CHF) kungabangela ukuxubha kwe-pleural ngenxa yokwanda kwe-capillary emaphashini.
- I-hydrotherax ye-hepatic isetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukukhulelwa kwamapulangwe okubangelwa yi- cirrhosis yesibindi . Lokhu kubangelwa ukunyakaza kwamanzi okwenyuka ngokweqile ukusuka emgodini wesisu kuya emgodini wesikhala.
- Ukuhlukumeza okubi kabi kwe-pleural kuyinkimbinkimbi eyenzeka cishe ngamaphesenti angu-30 abantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ukukhipha imfucuza okungahambi kahle kungase kwenzeke nomdlavuza wesifuba we-metastatic, i-leukemia, i-lymphoma, ne- myelodysplastic syndrome (isifo samaseli omnkantsha wamathambo).
- Izifo ezinjenge-pneumonia kanye nesifo sofuba (TB) nazo zingabangela ukwakheka kwamanzi emzimbeni. Nakuba kungavamile kakhulu e-US nasezweni elithuthukile, i-TB ibhekwa njengesizathu esiyinhloko sokwehluleka kwenhliziyo ezweni elikhulayo.
- I-Pneumothorax (iphaphu eliphelile) libhekisela ekwakheni umoya emoyeni we-pleural kunganciphisa amaphaphu futhi, ezimweni ezinzima, kugwema ikhono lamapayipi ukwandisa. Uma kwenzeka i-pneumothorax, ingaba inqubo encane noma, esikhundleni salokho, inqubo esheshayo ephoqelela amaphaphu ngaphansi kombhede (i-pneumothorax yokucindezeleka.)
- I-Hemothorax ukuqoqwa kwegazi emkhathini wesikhala, ngokuvamile ngenxa ye-traum trauma noma ngenxa yokuhlinzwa kwesifuba.
- I-Mesothelioma ingumdlavuza wezinyembezi ezivame kakhulu ezihambisana nokuvezwa kwe-asbestos. Uma i-mesothelioma isebenzeka, ukuhlinzekwa kuhilela ukususa izitho zomzimba kanye nanoma yisiphi isisindo samaphaphu angaphansi.
Ukuxilongwa Nokuphathwa Kwe-Pleural Effusions
I-effusion ye-pleural ngokuvamile ihlolwe ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-thoracentesis lapho inaliti nesirinji esetshenziselwa ukususa uketshezi kusuka emgodini wesikhala. I-fluid ye-pleural ihlaziywa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze ibone imbangela.
Uma i-fluid noma umoya uhlala endaweni yokukhala, ishubhu esifubeni noma inaliti thoracentesis , ngokulandelana, ingasetshenziselwa ukuxubha amaphaphu.
Uma izimpawu zibuyela emuva noma ubuhlungu obuhambisana nesifo esingapheli (njenge-mesothelioma) siba nzima, inqubo okuthiwa i- pleurodesis ingenziwa . I-Pleurodesis iyinkqubo yokuhlinzekwa nge-palliative ehilela ukwethulwa kwe-chemical irritant endaweni yokukhalaza. Ukuvuvukala okuphumela ekubangela ukuthi lezi zigaba ezimbili zihlangane ndawonye, ziphoqa umoya kanye nomswakama ngenkathi kunciphisa ikhono lomuntu lokuphefumula.
Uma izimpawu zisaphila, odokotela abahlinzayo bangase bacabange ukususa isikhala sokukhala nokukhalaza ngokuphelele kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuthi pleurectomy .
> Imithombo
- > I-Library Kazwelonke Kazwelonke Yezokwelapha. "Ukuphazamiseka Kwemvelo." I-MedlinePlus. I-Bethesda, e-Maryland; ibuyekezwe ngo-Ephreli 12, 2017.