Uyazi ukuthi abesifazane abayizigidi ezingu-20 emhlabeni wonke bahlala ne-HIV (igciwane lesandulela ngculaza) kanye ne-AIDS (etholakalayo i-immunodeficiency syndrome)? Ngokusho kwe-World Health Organization (WHO) isigamu esigcwele salabo abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza nengculaza yizigidi ezingama-20 ezibesifazane.
I-US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) ibika ukuthi abangu-159 271 abesilisa nabesifazane abadala babe ne-AIDS ekupheleni kuka-2002.
Ubukhulu bezehlakalo ze- AIDS ze-AIDS emadodeni asekhulile nabesifazane abadala bavame ukuphindwe kabili kusukela kumaphesenti ayisikhombisa ngo-1985 kuya kumaphesenti angu-26 ngo-2002. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi, naphezu kwalezi zibalo, amacala aseGauteng abesilisa nabesifazane abadala awela ngamaphesenti angu-17 ngalesi sikhathi futhi zikhishwe ngenxa yemithi yokwelashwa ephumelelayo esiza ukuvimbela ukuqhubekela phambili kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi nengculazi.
Ngokudabukisayo, cishe amaphesenti ayishumi e-AIDS amemezele ku-CDC ngoDisemba 2002 yenzeke kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engu-25 noma ngaphezulu. Ngesikhathi abesifazane besifazane baseSpanishi noma abase-Afrika baseMelika bephakamisa abangaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-25 abantu besifazane base-US, balinganiselwa ngamaphesenti angama-82 amacala e-AIDS kubantu besifazane.
I-HIV idluliselwa kanjani?
Emhlabeni wonke, indlela eyinhloko yokudlulisa i-HIV iwukuziphatha kabi kobulili obuhlukile kanye namaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-90 kubo bonke abasha kanye nokutheleleka kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza okwenzeka ngale ndlela. Ebudlelwaneni bobulili obuhlukile base-United States baba ngamaphesenti angu-42 omusha we-HIV ngo-2002, kuyilapho amaphesenti angu-21 amasha okutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kwabafazi abathuthukile ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni.
Ngenkathi ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kungenzeka kuzo zombili zesini ngesikhathi sokulala ocansini, ingozi yabesifazane inkulu kakhulu. Ukwehliswa kwezicubu zomzimba zangasese kumanzini omzimba we-seminal ngesikhathi sokulala ngokobulili kungenxa yalokho okubangelwa yilokho. Ezinsukwini zakuqala ze-AIDS, isandulela ekuhlolweni kwegazi kanye nemikhiqizo yegazi ye-antibodies, i-HIV yenzeke kwezinye iziguli ngenxa yokuthola ukumpontshelwa igazi nemikhiqizo yegazi.
Ezinye izindlela ze-HIV ezithunyelwa zihlanganisa:
- Ukungena kwezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni, noma ukwabelana noma ukusebenzisa izinaliti ezisetshenziswa ngaphambili
- Ubulili besilisa nabesilisa
- Xhumana neminye yamanzi omzimba njengomzimba wegazi, umuthi, noma ukuvinjelwa kwesifazane (Akubandakanyi ukujuluka noma umquba.)
Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukulala ngokocansi kuhlanganisa ubulili nokulala , kanye nobulili bomlomo .
Ziyini izimpawu ze-HIV / AIDS?
Ngesikhathi bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane bebona izimpawu eziningi ezifanayo, abesifazane bavame ukuphikisana nezibonakaliso ezithile zesifazane zokutheleleka nge-HIV njenge:
- Izifo ezithintekayo zesisu zangasese noma ezinamandla ikakhulukazi izifo zesisu semvubelo .
- Ama-pap smears abonisa ukuthi i- dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho noma ezinye izinguquko ezingavamile.
- Ukutheleleka kwama- pelvic njengesifo sofuba esiswini (PID.)
Nakuba abesifazane abane-HIV bevame ukubhekana nalezi zimo zezempilo zebesifazane, abesifazane abangenayo igciwane lesandulela ngculaza nabo bathola ukutheleleka kwesisu , ama- pap smears angavamile , kanye nezifo ze-pelvic.
Ezinye izibonakaliso nezimpawu ezingabonisa ukutheleleka nge-HIV zihlanganisa:
- Ama-warts omzimba
- Izilonda zomzimba
- Izifo ze-herpes ze-mucosal ezinamandla
Ngokuvamile, kungakapheli amasonto ambalwa okutheleleka, kokubili amadoda nabesifazane bathola izimpawu ezifana nezifo. Abanye abatholi izimpawu noma izimpawu ze-HIV noma i-AIDS kuze kube neminyaka eminingana kamuva.
Lokhu kwenza ukuhlolwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kudingeke kulabo abanezimo zokuziphatha eziphezulu zamanje noma zangaphambilini. Ezinye izimpawu zivame ukutholakala njengoba i-HIV / AIDS iqhubeka:
- Ukuvuvukala kwe-lymph glands entanyeni, endaweni engaphansi kwe-underarm, noma e-groin
- Imfiva evame ukufaka ama-sweats ebusuku
- Ukulahleka kwesisindo ngokushesha ngaphandle kokudliwayo
- Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo
- Ukunciphisa ukudla nokuhuda
- Amabala amhlophe noma iziphazamiso ezingavamile emlonyeni
Khumbula, indlela kuphela ongakwazi ngayo ukuthi unesandulela ngculaza nengculaza yini ukuthi uhlolwe.
Ziziphi izindlela zokuziphatha ezinobungozi obukhulu?
Ngenxa yokuthi siyazi ukuthi igciwane lesandulela ngculazi, igciwane elibangela ingculazi, liyadluliselwa ngamanzi asemzimbeni, njengegazi, umama, kanye nokuvimba okuyisitho sangasese, kulula ukuqonda ukuthi ukuziphatha okubi kakhulu okuhlobene neHIV / AIDS kuhlanganisa:
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamanje noma umlando wokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni ngokusebenzisa amasondo e-hypodermic
- Umlando wokwenza ucansi ngezidakamizwa noma ngemali
- Ukuba nobulili obuvikelekile nendoda eye yalala nobulili nomunye umuntu
- Ukuba nezocansi ezingavimbelwe nomuntu okwamanje noma ngaphambilini ejojelwe izidakamizwa zasemgwaqweni
- Umlando wabalingani abaningi bezocansi, noma umlingani omlando wakhe uhlanganisa abalingani abaningi bezocansi
- Ukuba nobulili obuvikelekile nomuntu onalezi zici eziyingozi
Ingozi yakho yegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ikhula uma unesifo sokushona kwesifo sokubeletha, isifo sofuba (TB), noma ama-STD, noma uma uthola ukumpontshelwa ngegazi noma i-clotting factor phakathi kuka-1978 no-1985 lapho igazi lingavamile ukuhlolwa nge-antibodies.
Awutholi i-HIV / AIDS ngokumanga, usebenzisa izitsha ezifanayo, ukumbumbuluza, ngokuthuthumela noma ematheni, noma ukusebenzisana okuvamile kokuphila kwansuku zonke. Nakuba kungekho indaba eyodwa yegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kulandelwa kuphela umsebenzi wesifazane wesifazane nowesifazane, abacwaningi abakwazi ukusho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi ubulili besifazane nabesifazane akuyona into engozini yokutheleleka nge-HIV.
Ngingazivikela kanjani ekuthelelekeni kwe-HIV / AIDS?
Ukuvikelwa ngokumelene negciwane lesandulela ngculazi nengculazi cishe kunoma ubani ohlala egcina ucansi futhi engalokothi asebenzise izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni . Lokhu cishe ngeke kwenzeke ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okuningi kwama-condoms kanye / noma amaminithi wamazinyo kubalulekile kulabo abangekho ubudlelwane bomshado obude. Yiqiniso, ngenkathi amakhondomu namadamu wamazinyo anganikeza ukuvikeleka okuvelele ekubhekaneni neHIV / AIDS, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi amakhondomu noma amadamu wamazinyo akusilo iqiniso. Amakhondomu aphumula ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ayisoze isiqinisekiso sokuvikela ukulwa ne-HIV / AIDS, STDS, noma ukukhulelwa.
Ungalokothi uzame "ukuzivikela kabili" ngokwakho kokubili ikhondomu yesilisa nowesifazane ngesikhathi esifanayo. Lokhu kungenzeka ukulimaza eyodwa noma kokubili ikhondomu, ngaleyo ndlela ehluleka ukuvikela noma umlingani we-HIV noma esinye isifo socansi (STD).
Ngihlolelwa kanjani i-HIV?
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula okuhlola i-HIV-antibody yiyo yonke into edingekayo ukunquma ukuthi ngabe unesifo. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuthola ukuthi kukhona ama-antibodies akhiqizwa ngumzimba emzamweni wokulwa ne-HIV.
Uma ukholwa ukuthi ukutholakala kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kuye kwenzeka, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokuhlolwa kwe-HIV. Ngesikhathi ubude besikhathi esivela ekuboniseni ukuba khona kwamagciwane omzimba we-HIV kungukuphela kwezinsuku ezingu-20 kungakapheli izinyanga ezingu-6-12 kwezinye izimo ngaphambi kokulwa namagciwane. Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo angase ancoma ukuhlolwa ngenyanga eyodwa, izinyanga ezintathu, izinyanga eziyisithupha, kanye nonyaka owodwa emva kokuchayeka.
Ukwengeza kudokotela wakho, umnyango wezempilo wendawo, umtholampilo we-STD, noma umtholampilo wokuhlela umndeni ungakusiza uhlolwe. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-HIV futhi uthole umtholampilo wokuhlola endaweni yakho uvakashele isayithi likazwelonke le- CDC lokuhlola i-HIV ku-http: //www.hivtest.org noma ubize i- CDC National AIDS Hotline amahora angu-24 ngosuku, izinsuku ezingama-365 ngonyaka :
- 1-800-342-AIDS (1-800-342-2437)
- I-1-800-AIDS-TTY (1-800-243-7889) I-TTY
- 1-800-344-I-AIDS (1-800-344-7432) iSpanishi
Imithombo: Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokungezwani Komzimba Nezifo Eziphefumulayo (i-NIAID), Amasevisi Okulawula Ukugula (CDC), ne- World Health Organization (WHO).