I-termidity ye-term ibhekisela ukuthi i-antibody iqinile kangakanani ekubophezeni ku- antigen yayo.
Amasosha omzimba enza amasosha omzimba aphendule ukutheleleka nge- pathogen noma ezinye izinhlobo zokuhlambalaza ngokomzimba. Noma kunjalo, ukwenza ama-antibodies akuyona inqubo eyodwa-yesinyathelo. Ngezinye izikhathi, impendulo yokuqala ye-antibody ayivumeli umzimba ukuba uqede ngokushesha isifo. Kulezi zimo, umzimba uzoqhubeka nokuthuthukisa amanye ama-antibodies ngokumelene nama-bacteria noma igciwane elibangela ukutheleleka.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lawo ma-antibodies ngokuvamile ayoba ama-antibodies angcono . Ama-antibodies angcono afaka ngokuqinile ngokuqinile kumhlaseli noma ahlanganise namaprotheni aphumelela kakhulu ekutheleleni okukhungethweyo. Ukuzikhandla kwe-antibody kubhekisela ekuqineni kokuzibophezela ekuhlosweni kwayo.
Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokuzibandakanya kanye ne-term term efanayo. Ubuseduze bubhekisela emandleni kwanoma yisiphi isibopho esinikeziwe phakathi kwe-antibody ne-antigen yayo. Kodwa-ke, ezinye ze- isotypes ze-antibodies zigcwele futhi zibopha kuma-antigen amaningi. Amandla alolo xhumano jikelele luyimpumelelo. Ukubonakala kungabuye kwandiswe lapho i-antigen enezindawo eziningi ezibophayo ihlangana ne-antibodies ehlukahlukene.
Zama ukucabanga ngakho njengokungathi ulinganisa ubukhulu i-Velcro enamathele kuyo into engavamile. Ukubambisana yiwona amandla lapho i-Velcro spike eyodwa ifaka khona into. Ukuziqhenya ukuthi i-Velcro yonke ingakwazi kangakanani ukumbamba.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Avidity ngokuvamile akuyalwanga lapho odokotela bephenya impendulo yomzimba kwisifo. Kodwa-ke, kunezimo ezithile lapho ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kungase kube khona. Enye yalezi zithi lapho odokotela bezama ukunquma ukuthi ngabe ukutheleleka kwe- HIV esanda kutholakala yini ngempela empilweni entsha .
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Avidity kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi ngabe ukutheleleka kusha noma ngabe ngabe umuntfu nje akazange ahlolwe njalo futhi izigaba zakuqala zalahlekelwa.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Antibody kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-HIV
Isizathu sokuthi ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kungasetshenziselwa ukucacisa ubude bokutheleleka nge-HIV ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuphikelela kwama-antibodies anti-HIV okwenziwa yisistimu ye-immune kuzokwenza ngcono. Le ndlela, kodwa, ikhawulelwe ngokushesha, ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo. Uma umuntu ephathwa kahle, ngokushesha nje uma esenesandulela ngculaza, izifo ezingenakuqhathaniswa kwamanye amazwe angeke zikhule. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlola okusheshayo kungase kungabi nusizo ekunqumeni ukuthi ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kuyisigameko noma kubonakala kubantu abaye banikwe ngokushesha imishanguzo ye-antiretroviral . Kuyindlela ewusizo kakhulu yokuhlola abantu abangaphenduliwe.
Imithombo:
I-Parekh BS, i-McDougal JS. Ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela ze-laboratory zokulinganisa izigameko ze-HIV-1. I-Indian J Med Res. 2005 Apr; 121 (4): 510-8.