I-Hyperglycemia, okunye eyaziwa ngokuthi ushukela ephezulu wegazi, ingatholakala ukuthi ihlolwa ngegazi njengokushukela kwegazi , ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin A1C, noma ukuhlolwa kwe-fructosamine. Ukwengeza, i-hyperglycemia ingasetshenziswa ngokuqapha i-glucose noma ngokuphuza isiphuzo nokuqapha impendulo ye-glucose yomzimba, ukuhlolwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-glucose test tolerance test.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe isifo sikashukela, udokotela kufanele ahlole izivivinyo ezimbili ezahlukene. Udokotela wakho uzochaza imiphumela kanye nalokho abakushoyo.
Ukuhlola Ukuhlola / Ukuhlolwa Kwekhaya
Uma unesifo sikashukela, ukuqapha njalo kwegazi kwegazi kungakusiza ukuphatha ushukela wegazi lakho nokuvimbela / ukuthola i-hyperglycemia. Ukuhlola ushukela wegazi lakho ekuseni ngaphambi kokuba udle, amahora amabili emva kokudla, futhi ngaphambi kokuba umbhede ungakusiza uqonde ukuthi yini ebangela ukuthi ushukela wegazi lakho likhuphuke nokuthi kungakanani.
Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokuhlinzeka ngemigomo yokushukela egazini ehlukile ngokwezici ezihlukahlukene ezifana nobudala, ubude bokuxilongwa, izinga lomsebenzi, isisindo, nomlando wakho wezempilo jikelele. Ngokuvamile, i-hyperglycemia ichazwa ngokuthi:
- Ukuzila ukudla: Igazi legazi lifunda ngaphezu kuka -126 mg / dL kulabo bantu abangenayo isifo sikashukela nangaphezu kuka 130 mg / dL kulabo abanesifo sikashukela
- Amahora amabili emva kokudla: ngaphezulu> 180 mg / dL
- Ukuhlolwa okushukela kashukela egazini: ngaphezulu> 200 mg / dL
Uma uneshukela egazini egazini elingaphezu kwesivamile, asikho isizathu sokwesaba, ikakhulukazi uma uyazi imbangela. Mhlawumbe udle i-carbohydrate encane kakhulu ngesikhathi sokudla noma unganciphise izidingo zakho ze-insulin. Kunengqondo ukubiza umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma ubona iphethini leshukela ephakeme egazini.
Isibonelo, uma ushukela wegazi lakho liphakeme kunama-130 mg / dL ngemuva kwamahora angu-8 okusheshayo izinsuku eziningi ezilandelanayo, kungadingeka ulungise uhlelo lwakho lokudla, imithi, noma umsebenzi, kanye nethimba lakho lezokwelapha lingakusiza ukwenza lokho.
Qaphela ukuthi ukuhlola ushukela wegazi kungaveza imiphumela engalungile uma ungenayo izandla ezihlanzekile, ezihlanziwe noma uma iziqephu zakho zokuhlolwa ziphelelwe yisikhathi noma ziye zavezwa emazingeni okushisa okwedlulele . Isibonelo, uma uhlola ushukela wegazi lakho emva kokudla isithelo sesithelo futhi ube noshukela ezitsheni ezandleni zakho, ushukela wakho wegazi ungaphakamisa amanga. Ngaphambi kokwesaba, qinisekisa ukuthi ususebenzise inqubo yokuhlola ushukela omuhle wegazi. Uma ushuswe yinombolo, yivivinye futhi ukuze uqinisekise.
Uma ungenayo isifo sikashukela kodwa unezinto ezinobungozi ezifana nesandulela-sikashukela, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, noma umlando womndeni wesifo sikashukela futhi uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nokoma okwandayo, ukwanda kwendlala, nokunyuka kwamanzi, hlela i-aphoyintimenti ukuze uhlolwe ukuze ukwazi thola ukuthi ushukela wegazi lakho liphakeme noma cha.
Ama-Labs nezivivinyo
Ukuzila ukudla kweGlucose yegazi
Ukuhlolwa kwe-plasma glucose (FPG) yokuzila ukudla, owaziwa nangokuthi ukuzila ukudla kwegazi glucose (FBG) noma ukuzila ukudla kweshukela egazini, kulinganisa amazinga kashukela egazi futhi isetshenziselwa ukuxilonga isifo sikashukela kanye nokubekezelelana kwe-glucose ukubekezelelana.
Kungasiza futhi labo bantu abanesifo sikashukela ukuthi bathole i-hyperglycemia.
I-American Diabetes Association incoma lokhu kuhlola njengendlela yokuhlola ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela kulabo bantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-45. Uma imiphumela ijwayelekile, iphindwa njalo njalo eminyakeni emithathu. Isivivinyo se-FBG sinconywa futhi uma uye waba nezibonakaliso zesifo sikashukela noma izici eziningi ezingozini zesifo sikashukela.
Ukuhlolwa kuqukethe isampula segazi esilula, elingenasidingo. Futhi kulabo bantu abanesifo sikashukela abahlola njalo amashukela abo egazi, ungakwazi ukuhlola ushukela wakho wegazi lokuzila ukudla usebenzisa i-glucometer. Ngaphambi kokuba uhlolwe, kufanele uzikhandle-ugweme ukudla noma ukuphuza okungenani amahora angu-8.
Ngenxa yalokhu okusheshayo, ukuhlolwa kuvame ukwenza ekuseni.
Kulabo bantu abangenayo isifo sikashukela, i-hyperglycemia iboniswa lapho:
- Ukufundwa kwe-100 mg / dL kuya ku-126 mg / dL kusikisela ukubekezeleka kwe-glucose ukubekezelelana noma isifo sikashukela esandulela isifo sikashukela, esibonisa ingozi ekhulayo yokuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela esigcwele.
- Okufundwa ngenhla 126 mg / dL yimbumbulu lapho isifo sikashukela sitholwa khona. Ngokuvamile lokhu kufanele kuqinisekiswe kabili noma ukuhlolwa ngokuhlolwa kwesinye isilingo sokuhlola.
Kulabo bantu abanesifo sikashukela, i-hyperglycemia iboniswa lapho:
- Ukufundwa kuka 130 mg / dL okwenzeka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezilandelanayo kungabonisa iphethini leshukela legazi eliphakeme.
I-Hemoglobin Test A1C
Isivivinyo se-A1C (esaziwa nangokuthi i-HbA1C, i-hemoglobin A1c, i-hemoglobin eglycated noma i-glycosylated hemoglobin) isilinganiso esihle esiphezulu sokunakekelwa kwesifo sikashukela futhi singasiza ekunqumeni i-hyperglycemia kubantu abanesifo sikashukela kanye nokuxilonga isifo sikashukela. Amazinga e-A1C akhombisa izinga legazi lomuntu wesilinganiso segazi esikhathini ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ezedlule.
Ungathola i-A1C ukufunda ngokudweba kwegazi njalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahhovisi amaningi odokotela anemishini yokuhlola i-A1C ebenza bakwazi ukuthola umphumela ngokusebenzisa i-drop encane yegazi etholakala ngokushaya umunwe wakho nge-lancet. Akukho ukuzila okudingekayo phakathi nalesi sivivinyo.
Ngomuntu onesifo sikashukela, izinga elijwayelekile le-A1C lingamaphesenti angaba ngu-5. I-A1C emngceleni okhombisa ukuthi i-hyperglycemia noma i-prediabetes iwela ngaphansi kwamaphesenti ama-5.7-6.4.
Kulabo bantu abanesifo sikashukela, i-ADA ikhuthaza isikhangiso se-A1C esingaphansi noma esilingana namaphesenti angu-7 kanti i-American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists iphakamisa izinga lama-6.5% noma ngaphansi. Kodwa-ke, i-ADA iphinde igcizelele ukuthi imigomo ye-A1C kufanele ibe ngabanye.
Kubalulekile kulabo bantu abanesifo sikashukela ukuthi baqonde ukuthi kukhona yini i-A1C okuhloswe ngayo nokuthi yiliphi inani elikhombisa ukuthi i-hyperglycemia. Esikhathini esiningi, lapho ukulawulwa ushukela wegazi kuhle, ukuhlolwa kwe-A1C kwenziwa kabili ngonyaka. Noma kunjalo, kulabo bantu abane-hyperglycemia, izinga lingabuyekezwa kaningi, ikakhulukazi uma izinguquko zemithi zenziwe.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Fructosamine
Ukuhlolwa kwe- fructosamine kungenye ukuhlolwa kwegazi, okufana nokuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin A1C, okulinganisa amazinga egazi le-glucose ngaphezu kwamasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu. Ilinganisa amaprotheni e-glycated egazini futhi ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukukala ushukela egazini kulabo bantu abanesifo se-sickle cell anemia noma ezinye izinhlobo ze-hemoglobin. Ngokungafani nokuhlolwa kwe-A1C, ukuhlolwa kwe-fructosamine akusetshenziswanga ukuhlola ukuhlolwa kwabantu abangenayo isifo sikashukela noma abanesifo sikashukela esilawulwa kahle.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-fructosamine kungasetshenziswa ngaphezu kokungena kweglucose yegazi lapho usukhona ushintsho lwakamuva emithini yakho noma i-insulin futhi lingasiza ukuqapha ukusebenza kahle kwemithi emisha emva kwamasonto ambalwa kunokulinda izinyanga ukwenza uhlolo lwe-A1C .
Okokugcina, ukuhlolwa kwe-fructosamine kusetshenziselwa isifo sikashukela sokugaya ngoba izinguquko zingenzeka ngokushesha kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Isikhathi esincane esifushane sokuhlolwa sivumela udokotela ukuthi alandele amazinga egazi le-glucose eduze kakhulu. Kungasiza ukulawula i-hyperglycemia eduze futhi kaningi kunokuhlolwa kwe-A1C.
I-hyperglycemia iboniswa lapho:
- Kubantu abangenaso isifo sikashukela, uhla lwe-fructosamine luyi: 175 kuya ku-280 mmol / L
- Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, i-fructosamine ibanga: 210 kuya ku-421 mmol / L
- Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela esingalawuleki, uhla lwe-fructosamine luyi: 268 kuya ku-870 mmol / L
Ukuvivinywa komlomo we-Glucose Ukubekezela
Isivivinyo somlomo we-glucose ukubekezelelana (OGTT) , esibizwa nangokuthi uvivinyo lokubekezelelana kwe-glucose, linciphisa ikhono lomzimba lokugcoba i- glucose noma ukulihlanza ngaphandle kwegazi. Isivivinyo singasetshenziselwa ukuxilonga isifo sikashukela, isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa (isifo sikashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa), noma i- prediabetes (isimo esibonakala ngamazinga ashukela ephezulu aphezulu kunawo wonke angabangela isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili). Ukuhlolwa kwe-OGTT ngokuvamile akuboniswa ekuhloleni i-hyperglycemia kulabo bantu asebevele benesifo sikashukela.
Bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe kumele baqalane nenselelo ye-glucose phakathi kwamasonto angu-24 kuya kwangu-28 ukubeletha. Kungaba i-gram angu-75, i-OGTT yamahora angu-2 noma isinyathelo ezimbili, i-OGTT engu-50 gram, ilandelwe i-OGTT eyi-100-gram (ilinde umphumela wokuhlola wokuqala). I-OGTT iphinde isetshenziswe amasonto amane kuya kwangu-12 ngemva kokubeletha kwabesifazane ababenomlando wesifo sikashukela sokugaya, ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi isifo sikashukela esiqhubekayo. Ukwengeza, udokotela angancoma i-OGTT uma esolwa ngesifo sikashukela ezimweni lapho izinga lokugaya igazi lokugaya igazi livamile.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlolwa kwe-FBG, ukuhlolwa kwe-OGTT kudla isikhathi esiningi. Ngokusho kwe-American Diabetes Association (ADA), uhlolo lwe-OGTT luhlolo olukhethiwe olusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela ezinganeni nasezingane.
Isivivinyo siqala ngemva kwehora lesishiyagalombili kuya kwezingu-12 ngokushesha. Okulandelayo, igazi lidonsa ukuze lisungulwe izinga lokudla kwe-glucose. Ukulandela ukudweba kwegazi, uzocelwa ukuba uphuze isiphuzo se-sugary (i-glucose-rich) esine-75 amagremu we-carbohydrate. Igazi lizodonswa ngezikhathi ezehlukene ukukala amazinga e-glucose, ngokuvamile ihora elilodwa namahora amabili emva kokuphuza isiphuzo.
Ukuhlolwa kwembula ukuthi umzimba wakho ushukela kanjani ushukela futhi uma uwukhipha egazini ngokuphumelelayo. Izinga elijwayelekile lokuhlanza i-glucose lixhomeke ekungeneni kweglucose. Ngemuva kokuzila ukudla, isilinganiso segazi se-glucose se-60 kuya ku-100 mg / dL (ama-milligram ngamunye nge-deciliter).
Ngama-gramu angama-75 we-glucose, amanani evamile wegazi we-glucose (kulabo abangakhulelwe):
- Ngemuva kwehora eli-1: ngaphansi kuka 200 mg / dL
- Ngemuva kwamahora amabili: ngaphansi kuka 140 mg / dL. Phakathi kuka-140 kuya ku-199 mg / dL kubonisa ukubekezeleka kwe-glucose ukubekezelelana (prediabetes). Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa ikhona kulolu hlu, isiguli sisengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela. Ngaphezulu kuka 200 mg / dL ibonisa isifo sikashukela.
Ngama-gramu angama-75 we-glucose, amanani evamile wegazi we-glucose (kulabo abakhulelwe):
- Ukuzila: ngaphansi kuka 92 mg / dL
- Ngemuva kwehora eli-1: ngaphansi kuka 180 mg / dL
- Ngemuva kwamahora amabili: 153 mg / dL
Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela sikhukhumayo senziwa uma kunoma yiliphi lamagugu e-plasma glucose ahlanganisiwe noma adluliwe.
Ukuhlonza okuhlukile
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi olunye lwezivivinyo ozenzile ngalo luqinisekisa i-hyperglycemia, cishe uzodinga olunye uhlolo ukuze unqume ukuthi unesifo sikashukela noma unesifo sikashukela, ukumelana nesifo se-insulin noma uhlobo oluthile lokungabeki kwe-glucose.
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukutholakala kwe-hyperglycemia ekuqaleni kungandisa amathuba okuvimbela isifo sikashukela. Esikhathini esiningi, ukwelashwa kungukushintsha kwendlela yokuphila njengokudla okunama-carbohydrate, ukunyuka kokuzivocavoca, nokulahlekelwa kwesisindo. Uma ushukela wegazi uphezulu kakhulu, ungase udingeke uqale imithi yomlomo noma i- insulin . Uma unesifo sikashukela futhi ushukela wakho wegazi uphakeme kangaka cishe uzodinga ushintsho ohlelweni lwakho lwezokwelapha.
Uma ukhulelwe futhi uhluleka ukuhlolwa kwakho kokuqala kwe-glucose ukubekezelelana, nakanjani uzodinga ukuthatha enye. Ngezinye izikhathi abesifazane abadluli owokuqala kodwa badlule okwesibili.
Uma kwenzeka ube nesheke esivamile futhi ushukela wegazi lakho lokudla liphuma phezulu, umphumela ungase uhlaselwe uma ungazange uzilawule. I-candy, i-gomme, ngisho noma isiraphu yekhwehlela ingabangela ushukela wegazi lakho ukuba liphakanyiswe, ngakho qiniseka ukuthi utshela abahlinzeki bakho bokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma ungazila ukudla ngempela.
Futhi uma ukuqapha kwegazi lakho kuveza ukuthi ushukela wegazi lakho liphakeme ngezikhathi ezithile zosuku, thintana nomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekela impilo ukuze ubone ukuthi udinga ukulungiswa kohlelo lwezokwelapha.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Diabetes Association. Amazinga Wokunakekelwa Kwezokwelapha Esifo Sikashukela - 2017. Ukunakekelwa Kweshukela. 2017 Jan; 40 I-Suppl 1: S1-S132.
> Ayyappan S, Philips S, Kumar CK, Vaithiyanandane V, Sasikala C. Serum fructosamine isibonakaliso esingcono kune-hemoglobin ye-glycated yokuqapha isifo sikashukela esiphuthumayo. Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences . 2015; 7 (Suppl 1): S32-S34. doi: 10.4103 / 0975-7406.155786.