I-Botulism ayiyona ngempela isifo, kodwa iwukudakwa futhi ngokuvamile ihlotshaniswa nokudla okungcolile okusemathinini. I-botulism ingaqala ngezibonakaliso ezingavamile, njengejwabu leso le-droopy, kodwa lingathuthuka futhi lenze izinkinga zempilo ezibucayi, ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumula.
Izimbangela ze-Botulism
I-toxin ye-Botulinum ibophezela esikhaleni esincane phakathi kwesisindo nesisipha, ukuvimbela inzwa ukuthi ingathumele umlayezo kumisipha ehambelanayo.
Uma inzwa ingakwazi ukuthumela umlayezo ukuqondisa isidumbu ukuhamba, imisipha ikhubazekile kusuka ekutheleleni kwe-botulism.
Ama-bacterium angaveza umuthi omkhulu we-toxin we-botulinum, engabe isakazeka kuwo wonke umzimba, okweqile imisipha eminingi ngesikhathi.
Ama-bacteria abangela ukuba i-botulism ikhule ngokudla okusemathinini. Ama-bacteria ahlala phezu kwezithelo nemifino engavumelekile, kanti amathuba okuba asinde uma evezwa ku-asidi noma ukushisa okukhulu.
Ngokuvamile, ukudla okusemathinini okulungiselelwe ekhaya ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izindlela zokuphepheka okuphephile kuyingozi kakhulu. Kodwa kuneziqhumane ze-botulism ezihlobene nokudla okusemathinini nokusebenza ngokweqile, nakuba lezi ziqhumane zimbalwa futhi ziphakathi kakhulu.
Lapho ukudla okusemathinini kuvezwa yiksijini ngokusebenzisa i-dent noma umgodi omncane ku-can, lokhu kungavumela ukuthi amabhaktheriya akhule. Uma unamandla okudla okubonakala ewonakele noma unesimo esingavamile noma ubonisa izimpawu noma ukuphuza oketshezi noma iphunga elibi, kuphephe kakhulu ukulahla i-can kanye nokudla ngaphakathi kulo, ngoba ukudla ukudla kungabangela i-botulism noma enye isifo esithathelwanayo uhlobo lokudla okunobuthi.
Izimpawu Nezibonakaliso
I-botulism ibangelwa uhlobo lwebhaktheriya okuthiwa i- Clostridium botulinum futhi lingabangela ibhaktheriya ehlobene okuthiwa i- Clostridium butyricum neClostridium baratii . Lawa ma-bacteria akhiqiza i-toxin ebizwa ngokuthi i-botulinum toxin ekhubaza imisipha ethile kanye nemisipha, ebangela noma iyiphi inhlanganisela yezibonakaliso nezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Ijwabu leso le-droopy
- Umbono kabili
- Umbono ophundlekile
- Ubuso be-droopy
- Umlomo omile
- Inkulumo emisiwe
- Inkinga igwinya
- Ubuthakathaka bemisipha
- Ukuphefumula okunenkinga
- I-palpitations yesifuba
Uma uthola noma ubona izimpawu ze-botulism, kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ama-bacterium aphefumulayo abangela ukuba i-botulism ikhishwe i-toxin engase ibangele ukukhubazeka okuyingozi, okwathi ngemva kwalokho kuyinkinga kakhulu futhi kunzima ukuyifumana. I-botulism engenakwenzeka ingaba yingozi nakakhulu.
Ukuxilongwa
I-botulism akuyona isimo esivamile sezokwelapha, kepha uma ubhekana nobuso, ubuthakathaka bamehlo noma bomlomo, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizohlolwa ngokucophelela ukuze lithole imbangela yobuthakathaka bakho. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi uqale ukwelashwa ngokususelwa ekusola kukadokotela wakho nge-botulism ngaphambi kokuba ukuxilongwa kuqinisekiswe nge-laboratory test. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuhlolwa kwengculaza kwe-botulism kuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa, futhi ukwelashwa kufanele kuqalwe ngokushesha kunokuba kamuva.
Ukuhlolwa kweMouse
Ukuhlolwa okungasiza ukusekela noma ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwe-botulism kubizwa ngokuthi i-mouse inoculation test. Ukuhlolwa kwe-inoculation yegundane kuhilela ukujova inani elincane legazi kumuntu ongase abe ne-botulism ibe igundane futhi ajobe inani elincane legazi lomuntu kwelinye igundane eliye lagonywa ngokumelene ne-botulism, ukugcina imiphumela.
Uma kuphela igundane elingagciniwe libonisa izimpawu ze-botulism, khona-ke ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuxilongwa kwe-botulism.
Enye incazelo ye-inoculation test yegundane ihilela umjovo we-serum wesiguli ngaphakathi kwegundane nomjovo we-antitoxin ephathekayo ephathekayo ibe kwelinye igundane ukugcina umehluko emiphakathini phakathi kwamagundane. Uma igundane lijova nge-serum ejwayelekile libonisa izimpawu ze-botulism, kuyilapho igundane elijojowe nge-anti-toxin ephathwe nge-toxin alibonakalisi izimpawu, amaphuzu okuhlolwa ahlolwe ukuxilongwa kwe-botulism.
Kodwa-ke, kunikezwa ukuthi kukhona amahora angu-24-48 amawindi we-mouse inoculation imiphumela yokuhlolwa ukuze avele, uma kukhona ukusola okuqinile kwe-botulism, ukwelashwa nge-antitoxin kuqala ngaphambi kwemiphumela yokuhlola.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukubhekwa okucacile kwezibonakaliso ezinjengobuthakathaka nokukwazi ukuphefumula kubhekwa njengokubaluleke kakhulu ekuqondiseni ukwelashwa nokwesekwa kwakho.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Botulism
Ayikho ukwelashwa ekhaya kwe-botulism.
Kukhona imithi ye-botulism futhi kukhona ukwelashwa kwezinkinga ze-botulism. Imithi ye-botulism ihlanganisa i-antitoxin ephikisana nemiphumela yokutheleleka kwebhaktheriya. I-antitoxin isebenza ngokubopha ubuthi lwe-botulinum, ekhishwa amabhaktheriya, futhi ngokuvimbela ukuthi i-toxin ingabhubhisi imisipha.
Kodwa-ke, uma usulelekile futhi uthuthuka kwe-botulism, ne-toxin, esebenza ngokuzikhandla emisipha yakho ukuze uyikhubaze, khona-ke ungase ubuthakathaka. Ngokuya ngobukhulu besibuthakathaka bakho, ungase udinge usizo olungenelele kwezokwelapha, njengokusekela ukuphefumula ngosizo lomoya osiza ukuhambisa emoyeni ngaphakathi nangaphandle komzimba wakho ngenkathi ululameka ekutheleleni okubuhlungu.
Ingabe i-Botulism ifana neBotox?
Yebo, i-toxin efanayo ebangela ukukhubazeka kwamasipha ekudleni ukudla okungcolile kusetshenziswa ngamabomu ukuze kuhlolwe izimonyo ukuze kuvimbele ukubonakala kwamanqamuzana okwesikhashana, ukuvimbela ikhanda lekhanda kanye nokunciphisa ukuqina komfutho . Nakuba kungavamile, ukujova kwe-botulinum ye-botulinum ngezizathu zezokwelapha noma izimonyo kungabangela ukukhubazeka okungafuneki kokuhamba kwamehlo noma imisipha yobuso, ngokuvamile eyesikhashana.
Ukulimala kwe-Botulism
Kukhona olunye uhlobo lwe-botulism olubangela izimpawu ezifanayo kodwa aluhlobene nokudla okunobuthi. Amanxeba angaphinde ahlaselwe amagciwane, okwenza ku-botulism. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-IV, futhi lolu hlobo lwe-botulism lungaphathwa nge-antitoxin nokusekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokuphefumula.
Izwi elivela
Iningi labantu lizwile ukuthi akuphephile ukudla ukudla okuvela emanzini noma okuvuza. I-Botulism ingenye yezinhlobo zokudla okunobuthi obuhambisana kakhulu nokudla okusemathinini okufakiwe. Kubalulekile ukulahla amathini okudliwayo okudliwa nokusebenzisa izindlela eziphephile lapho ukudlala ekhaya ukudlala ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungcola.
Uma usola ukuthi wena noma omunye umuntu ungase ube nezimpawu ze-botulism, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
> Umthombo:
> Botulism yokudla - inselele yezempilo yomphakathi evuselelayo, uMeenencev R, uKlement C, Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol. 2017 Ebusika; 66 (1): 39-48.
> Clostridium, Peptostreptococcus, Bacteroides, nezinye i-Anaerobes. Ku: Ryan KJ, Ray C. eds. I-Sherris Medical Microbiology, 6e eNew York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2014.
> Ukudla Kwekhaya-Okusemathinini. Zivikele Ku-Botulism. www.cdc.gov.