I-World Health Organization ibize ukukhuluphala kwengane "enye yezinselelo zempilo yomphakathi ebaluleke kakhulu ekhulwini lama-21" -njalo ayikho isikhathi esisheshayo. Phakathi kuka-1990 no-2012, inani labantwana abakhuluphele ngokweqile noma abancanyana nabantwana abancane (kuze kube yiminyaka emihlanu) landa emhlabeni jikelele kusuka ezigidini ezingu-31 kuya kwezigidi ezingu-44-ukwanda kwamaphesenti angu-42 ngaphezu kwamashumi amabili eminyaka.
Uma izinkambiso zamanje ziqhubeka, ngonyaka ka-2025, lelo nani kulindeleke ukuthi likhuphukele ezinganeni eziyizigidi ezingu-70 ezingakaze zigubhe izinsuku zabo zokuzalwa ezingu-5.
Ububanzi Benkinga
Akuyona nje inkinga kumazwe acebile emhlabeni jikelele. Ukukhuluphala kwengane kubuye kwande emazweni amaningi aphansi naphakathi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Eqinisweni, izinga lokukhuphuka emazweni asathuthuka liye lalingaphezulu kwama-30 amaphesenti kunamazwe athuthukile.
Phakathi kwabantu abadala, izinga eliphelele lokukhuluphala ngokweqile liye lakhuphuka kakhulu kunelizwe emazweni amaningi, ngaphandle kwe-Australia, ngokusho kwabacwaningi eNyuvesi yaseNorth Carolina eChapel Hill. Kodwa izinga lapho izingane ziba khona ngokweqile liye lasheshisa-ngokushesha kunalokhu labantu abadala-eBrazil, eChina, e-UK, e-US nase-Australia, okusho ukuthi igebe lokukhuluphala phakathi kwabantu abadala nezingane liyancipha kula mazwe.
Isibonelo, eminyakeni engu-30 eyedlule, izinga lokukhuluphala kwengane e-US liphindwe kathathu, futhi namuhla izingane eziphuma kwezingu-3 zibhekwa ngokweqile futhi izingane ezingaphezu kweyisithupha zikhuluphele. EYurophu, iSpain inezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokukhuluphala phakathi kwabafundi bangaphambi kokufunda, futhi iRomania inephansi kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, amaphesenti angama-24 esikoleni esikoleni, abaneminyaka engu-6 kuya kweyisishiyagalolunye ubudala, eYurophu abhekwa njengokwedlulele ngokweqile, futhi iKhupro, iGrisi, iSpain neNgilandi inezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokukhuluphala ngokweqile phakathi kwabantwana abaneminyaka engu-10 kuya ku-18, ngokusho kombiko ovela I-Harvard School of Health Public.
Ngisho nase-Afrika, lapho kunesidlala, ukukhululeka kwesisindo, nokungondleki kube yizinto ezikhathazayo eziyinhloko phakathi kwezingane, izinga lokukhuluphala kwengane landa. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, emazweni amaningi ase-Asia (ngaphandle kwaseJapane), kwaba nokwanda kwamaphesenti angu-53 izinga lokukhuluphala ngokweqile nokukhuluphala phakathi kwabafundi bangaphambi kokufunda phakathi kuka-1990 no-2010.
Umthombo Wenkinga
Okuvamile okulandela lo mkhuba womhlaba jikelele: Amazinga okukhuphuka kokukhuluphala kwengane ayingxenye evela ekushintsheni ekungeneni kokudla okunamakholori-okumanzi "aphezulu kumafutha noshukela kodwa amavithamini aphansi, amaminerali namanye ama micronutrients enempilo, futhi ukuthambekela ekunciphiseni amazinga okusebenza ngokomzimba, "kusho i-World Health Organization. Ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, ukumaketha okunonya kokudla okuphezulu kwekhalori kanye neziphuzo ezinganeni kubangela inkinga, futhi uhlobo oluthile lwezintambo zethu zokuphila kwenza kube lula ukuthi izingane zihlanganyele emisebenzini engokwenyama ngokwanele kanye nezinhlobo eziphilile zokusebenza ukudlala.
Ngeshwa, asikho isixazululo esilula kulezi zithonya. Amazwe ahlukene athatha izinyathelo zokuxazulula inkinga yokukhuluphala kwengane ngendlela ezwelayo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, i-World Health Organization yakha iKhomishana ephezulu ekupheleni kokuphelela kwengane ngokuphelela izeluleko ezivela ochwepheshe emhlabeni jikelele nokwenza izincomo zendlela yokubhekana nale nkinga yamanje.
Njengoba kuyinkinga eningi, isixazululo sidinga ukuba sibe nesisombululo esiningi, ngakho-ke, kungani ochwepheshe bezempilo abaningi, ososayensi, abacwaningi, kanye nabanye ochwepheshe kuyadingeka ukuba bahlolisise ngemibono yekhambi lomhlaba wonke.
Kuningi okusemqoka uma ochwepheshe bengenazo izindlela ezinamandla zokuguqula lesi simo. Phela, ukukhuluphala kwengane kuletha imiphumela ehlukahlukene engadingeki yomzimba kanye nemiphumela yokuzivocavoca kwengqondo, futhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane ezikhuluphele cishe zizoqhubeka zikhuluphele njengabantu abadala, zibeka kuzo izinkinga zempilo kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila ehlekisiwe, njengoba ikhula.
Lokho kungaba yifa elibi lesizukulwane esilandelayo, noma kuphi emhlabeni.
> Imithombo:
I-Harvard School of Health Public. Umthombo wokuvimbela ukukhuluphala: Ukukhuluphala kwengane.
I-Popkin BM, uConde W, Hou N, Monteiro C. Ingabe Kukhona I-Lag Yomhlaba Emikhawulweni Yokuqapha Kakhulu Kwezingane Eziqhathaniswa Nabantu abadala? Ukukhuluphala, Okthoba 2006; 14 (10): 1846-53.
I-World Health Organization. Isu Lomhlaba Wonke Ekudleni, Umsebenzi Womzimba, Nempilo: Ukuqhathaniswa Kwabantwana Nokukhuluphala.
I-World Health Organization. Isu Lomhlaba Wonke Ekudleni, Umsebenzi Womzimba, Nempilo: Amaphuzu Namafayili Ekukhuleni Kwengane.