Emithonjeni yezindaba kanye namasiko athandwayo, kunezindawo lapho zamukelekile futhi zivame ukusebenzisa igama lokuncintisana nezinye izindawo lapho kungenzeka khona ukuzwa ukulimala kobuchopho obuhlungu. Izimpikiswano zixhunyaniswe nezezemidlalo, ikakhulukazi emva kwe-movie ka-2015 yakwa-Will Smith enegama elifanayo elikhiphe ingxabano nebhola ndawonye ndawonye kuze kube phakade.
Ukulimala kwengqondo ebuhlungu , ngakolunye uhlangothi, kulondolozwe ukulwa okukhulu, uBrian Stowe, izingozi zemoto enkulu, njll.
Kuzwakala sengathi kunomphela okuqhubekayo. Ukulimala okubuhlungu kwengqondo kubonakala sengathi kuzokuhlupha okungaphezu kokuncintisana okulula. Ngisho noma izingxoxo zenze idumela elibi kakhulu, leli gama alisigodli uhambo olude lokukhubazeka okulimazayo okulimaza ubuchopho.
Ukulimala Okubuhlungu Kobunzima
Ukuqonda umehluko, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi umuntu uhlanganisa kanjani kokubili. Zonke izimpikiswano zilimaza ubuchopho obuhlungu, kodwa akuzona zonke ukulimala kwengqondo ezibuhlungu ezimpikiswano.
I-trauma yigama lezokwelapha elibonisa umonakalo emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ukuchotshozwa yisibonelo sokuhlukumezeka, njengokuhlukumeza, ukuphazamiseka, noma i-sprain. I-trauma iyinkimbinkimbi, ngoba kunamandla anqunyiwe, awashaya, noma awaqede. Ukushayela imoto, izinhlamvu ezishaya umzimba, i-punch ekhaleni: la mabutho ayaziwa njengezinqubo zokulimala . Awukwazi ukuhlukumezeka ngaphandle kwendlela yokulimala.
Ukulimala kwengqondo ebuhlungu (TBI) kuyindlela eqondile yokuchaza umonakalo ebuchosheni obubangelwa amandla angaphandle. Kukhona ezinye izindlela ubuchopho obonakaliswe ngayo, njengokubanjwa kwesisu noma ukuboshwa komzimba, kodwa lokho akuveli ngaphandle kwamandla. Kuyinto amandla okwenza kube buhlungu.
Kuvaliwe noma kuvulwe ukulimala kwe-Brain Injury
Kunezigaba ezimbili eziyisisekelo ze-TBI : kuvaliwe noma kuvulwe.
Kuvulwe kubhekisela ku-skull ephukile noma esusiwe, evumela amandla angaphandle ukuba enze ngokuqondile ebuchosheni. Ukulimala ekhanda kungase kubangele ukulimala okubuhlungu kwengqondo njengoba isibhamu singena kukhanda futhi sixhumana nobuchopho.
Ukulimala okwebuchopho obuvaliwe (okubizwa nangokuthi ukulimala ikhanda okuvaliwe noma i- CHI ) kwenzeka nge-skull ephelele. Ngokuyinhloko lokhu kusho ukuthi amandla adluliselwa nge-skull kanye nezicubu ezizungezile, kodwa into yangaphandle eyenza amandla angalokothi ahlangane ngqo nomqondo wobuchopho.
Kokubili ukulimala okubuhlungu nokuvuleka kobuchopho kungabhubhisa. Vula mhlawumbe kubonakala kuvelele, kepha ukulimala okubuhlungu kwengqondo kuvalwe kuyingozi kakhulu. Kunezindlela ezine ubuchopho obungalimaza nge-skull ephelele:
- Impact kanye nama-shockwaves ahamba ngezicubu ezinjenge-gelatin zobuchopho namagundane azungezile. Ama-shockwaves ahamba ngezinkomba eziningi ezingalindelekile ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi zithinta ngokungahleliwe kulo lonke ubuchopho. Ake ucabange abantu ababili noma ngaphezulu abaxosha phansi emaphethelweni ahlukene emanzini amanzi ngesikhathi esifanayo. Amagagasi aqhubekela emuva emanzini angena emanzini, ehlaba umxhwele futhi ebangela ukuba umthamo uthuthuke ngokweqile. Yilokho okwenzeka ngaphakathi kwe-skull ephelele uma i-noggin ithatha ngokuqondile.
- Ukunciphisa igama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukuthi ubuchopho buba kanjani ngaphakathi kwe-skull. Ake ucabange wonke alawo mavidiyo ahlaseleko owawubonile. Phawula ukuthi i-dummy iqhuma kanjani esivela esihlalweni sayo iphinde igxumeke kudeshibhodi? Ubuchopho bethu benza into efanayo uma sishaya amakhanda ethu. Ngeshwa, ukuphela kokuphela kobuchopho bethu-ubuchopho-ubuchopho-bunamathele entanjeni yomgogodla futhi abuhambeli ngempela wonke ubuchopho. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi uxhumano lunikeze futhi ludabule.
- Ukushintshaniswa kubhekisela eqinisweni lokuthi cishe asikaze sishaye amakhanda ethu ngqo entweni. Ngokuvamisekile, kukhona ukushaywa komsindo okuholela ekuhambeni okuphambene noma okuphazamisayo. Ukuphikisana okunobundlobongela kubangelwa ukujikeleza ngaphakathi kwe-skull kanye nalapho ubuchopho buguqula futhi bulula ama-tissue.
- Ukuvimbulula yisona sizathu esikubiza ngokuthi "ukuthola i-bell rung yakho." I-skull empeleni ihlaziya uma ishaywa, njengensimbi. Ukuthi ukudlidliza kubangela ukudlwengula nokulimaza ubuchopho ngaphansi kwegazi.
Akunandaba ukuthi ikhanda liyanyakaziswa kabi (njenge-shaken baby syndrome) noma ishaywa yinto, okungenzeka ukulimala ebuchosheni ngaphakathi kungokoqobo futhi kubalulekile. Ungalokothi ucabange ukuthi akukho ukulimala ngoba kungekho ukulimala okubonakalayo okukhona.
Ukuqonda Izimpikiswano
Ukulimala okucatshangelwa kakhulu kwengqondo kuyisicoco. Ingxabano yindlela eyodwa yalokho okuyaziwa ngokuthi ukulimala komqondo ebuhlungu. Izimpikiswano zinomthelela kuningi njengoba zingabangeli ingozi ngokushesha yokufa, kodwa zingaletha imiphumela yesikhathi eside. Izimpikiswano zingaba yingozi ikakhulukazi esikhathini eside uma isiguli sisekela okungaphezu kweyodwa yazo. Ama-boxers, isibonelo, ayaziwa ukuthi anezimo eziphakeme kakhulu zokucindezeleka nokungasebenzi kahle kwengqondo kunabanye abantu. Lokhu kucatshangwa ukuthi kungenxa yokulimala kobuchopho babo ngokushaya okuphindaphindiwe.
Izimpikiswano ziyinto enzima ukuyihlolisisa. Ukuxilongwa okuyisisekelo okusetshenziselwa ukususelwa ekulahlekelweni kokuqwashisa ngemuva kokushaywa ekhanda, kulandelwa ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo yomcimbi. Leyo nhlanganisela isabonakaliso esihle, kodwa akudingeki ukuba ubone kokubili ukulahlekelwa kwesaziso futhi ubuyekeze i-amnesia ukuyibiza ingxabano.
Ukubona ngempela ukulimala njengoba ingxabano ithatha udokotela. Ngcono nakakhulu uma kukhona ukuhlolwa kokulimala kwangaphambi kokulimala okwenziwe, okunikeza isisekelo sokuqeqeshwa kwezokwelapha ukukala ukuthi yini, uma ikhona, ukulahlekelwa komsebenzi kwenzeke ngemuva kokushaya.
> Imithombo:
> Bressan, S., Takagi, M., Anderson, V., Davis, G., Oakley, E., & Dunne, K. et al. (2016). I-Protocol yokuthola isifundo se-postconcussive ezinganeni, okude isikhathi eside, isikhathi eside, sokuthatha isifundo se-Take CARe (Ukucubungula Ukuhlolwa Nokucubungula). BMJ Vula , 6 (1), e009427. i-doi: 10.1136 / bmjopen-2015-009427
> Casson, I., Viano, D., Haacke, E., Kou, Z., & LeStrange, D. (2014). Ingabe Kukhona Ukulimala Okubuhlungu Kwama-Brain kuma-Players ase-NFL asethathe umhlalaphansi? I-Neuroradiology, i-Neuropsychology, ne-Neurology Examinations yama-45 Abadlali abahlala emsebenzini. Impilo yezemidlalo , 6 (5), 384-395. i-doi: 10.1177 / 1941738114540270
> Martin, G. (2016). Ukuhlukunyezwa okubuchopho obukhulu. Lalela Funda Kudivayisi kuphela Kwengeziwe Buka Kufakiwe The Annals Of the Royal College of Surgeons Of England , 98 (1), 6-10. doi: 10.1308 / rcsann.2016.0003