I-Nobel Laureate Inqatshelwe Ngokuthola I-Virus Immunodefiency Virus
UFrançoise Barré-Sinoussi (1947-) uyi-virologist yaseFrance eyanikezwa umklomelo we-Nobel ka-2008 ku-Physiology noma u-Medicine nomcwaningi othandana naye, uLuc Montagnier, ngenxa yokutholakala kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi (i-HIV).
I-Barré-Sinoussi namuhla ibhekwa njengenye yezinto ezihola phambili ezenzweni zesayensi ye-HIV ngemuva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-35 yocwaningo, ebhaliswe ngokubhaliwe kwezincwadi ezingu-240 zesayensi nezincwadi ezingu-17 ezibhalisiwe zesayensi.
Phakathi kokuhlukaniswa kwakhe okuningi, wabizwa ngokuthi nguMphathi oMyalelo weLegion of Honor ngo-2006, wayebhekwa njengesibili esivela eFrance.
Ngonyaka ka-2012, uBarré-Sinoussi wabizwa ngokuthi ngumengameli we-International AIDS Society (IAS), isikhundla esabe esebenza kuze kube nguJulayi 2016.
Ukutholakala kwe-HIV
Ngo-1981, imibiko yokugqashuka kwezifo phakathi kwamadoda angama-gay ezimweni zase-US ezingavamile ukubonwa ngaphandle kwabantu abanokukhubazeka okukhulu kwegciwane-kwaholela ekumemezelweni kwe-syndrome entsha eyayibizwa ngokuthi i-GRID (noma ukuntuleka kwamagciwane okuhlobene negciwane), kodwa kamuva wabizwa ngokuthi i-AIDS (noma owathola ukuzivikela komzimba).
U-Barré-Sinoussi noMontagnier, abacwaningi be-Institut Pasteur eParis, babephakathi kwamanye amayunithi okuphenya amazwe aphesheya afuna i-agent causative. Ngo-1982, lo mbhangqwana wakwazi ukukhipha amangqamuzana athathwa emlenzeni we-lymph of patients stricken, futhi ngemva nje kokuthola i-enzyme reverse transcriptase-isibonakaliso sokuqala sokuthi babesebenza ngokuthi "i- retrovirus ."
Ngo-1983, uBarré-Sinoussi noMontagnier baye bakwazi ukuhlukanisa igciwane, okuyinto bathola ukuhlanganiswa okudingekayo ngamaseli e-T-lymphocyte (abizwa ngokuthi ama- CD4 cells ) ukuze aphinde aphinde aphinde aphinde aphinde abuyele. Ngokushesha bashicilela okutholakala kulo magazini wezesayensi uSayensi , okuphakamisa ukuthi igciwane (okuyinto ababeyibiza ngokuthi i-LAV, noma i- lymphadenopathy- igciwane elihlanganisiwe) yi-agent engumphumela we-AIDS.
I-LAV / HLTV-III Impikiswano
Ngo-May 1984, ithimba laseMelika eliholwa umcwaningi wezidakamizwa uRobert Gallo lanyathelisa uchungechunge lwamaphepha abonisa ukutholakala kwawo kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, abaye babhala "i-HTLV-III." Ngenkathi uBarré-Sinoussi noMontagnier bebeqede igciwane elifanayo izinyanga ezingu-18 ngaphambili, ucwaningo lukaGallo lunikeze isiqiniseko sesayensi sokuhlangana kwayo nesifo.
Ukuphenywa okude yiNational Institutes of Health (NIH)-okubangela ukuhlukana okubuhlungu ngaleso sikhathi-ekugcineni kwaphetha ngokuthi igciwane elisetshenziswe ebhodini likaGallo ngempela livela ku-Institut Pasteur, ngokusobala ngesimo esascolisiwe.
Kwakukhona phakathi nale nkathi yokuphikisana ukuthi amagama okuthiwa i-LAV ne-HTLV-III yachithwa, futhi igciwane labizwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi i-HIV.
Ngo-2008, ikomidi leNobel laquma ukuhlonipha uBarré-Sinoussi noMontagnier ngokutholakala kwabo, kudlula uGallo futhi esikhundleni sokuhlonipha uHarald zur Hausen ngokutholakala kwamagciwane e-papilloma abangela umdlavuza wesibeletho.
Ngonyaka we-2013 udaba lwe-UK Independent iphephandaba, uBarré-Sinoussi wathi ngokuhlangana kwakhe noGallo: "Nginobuhlobo obuhle noBob. Anginaso inkinga nhlobo."
Izingcaphuno zikaFrançoise Barré-Sinoussi
"Kukhona ithemba njalo ekuphileni ngoba kukhona ithemba njalo kwisayensi." (Ingxoxo kaMashi 7, 2009)
"Ukumemezela kwakho kuyisimo esingenakubekezelelwa." (Vula incwadi kuPapa uBenedict ngokuphikisana nesitatimende sakhe sokuthi amakhondomu angcono kakhulu, angenakusebenza enkingeni ye-AIDS; ngo-Mashi 24, 2009)
"Lokho esikulwela kuyona ilungelo elingenakuxoxisana nelungelo lempilo kubo bonke!" (Inkulumo yokuvala inkulumo eNgqungqutheleni ye-19 ye-AIDS eWashington, DC ngoJulayi 27, 2012)
"Ukwelapha (nge-HIV) kimi kungumsebenzi ongenakwenzeka ngoba umthombo wamaseli awugcini kuphela egazini. Indlela yokuqeda zonke amangqamuzana ezinqolobane yingakho ngithi kungumsebenzi ongenakwenzeka. ugulane, ebuchosheni, kuzo zonke izicubu ze-lymphoid. " (Interview CNN, July 24, 2015)
Imithombo:
UConnor, S. "Ukwelapha i-AIDS manje kungenzeka ukuthi kungenzeka." Kuzimele. Ngo-Meyi 19, 2013.
UKrishnan, V. "Kukhona ithemba njalo kwisayensi, kusho uNobel owawuthola i-HIV." Bonisa iNdiya. Mashi 7, 2009.
U-Barré-Sinoussi, F. "Ingxoxo Yokuvala Session 2012". Julayi 27, 2012.
Barré-Sinoussi, F. "Lettre ouverte à Benoît XVI." Le Monde. Mashi 24, 2009.
I-CNN. "I-HIV yombulali: 'Ukuthuthukisa ukwelashwa akunakwenzeka.'" Ishicilelwe ngoJulayi 24, 2015.