Ubudlelwane obunobungozi obunobungozi
I-pneumonia yebhaktheriya kanye nesifo esingenasifo se-pulmonary chronic obstructive (COPD) sinobungozi obuyimbangela-nomphumela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuwohloka okuqhubekayo kwamapayipi ne-COPD kungakwandisa ukutheleleka komuntu ekutheleleni kwegciwane, kanti isibhamu somoya singabangela ukuqhubekela phambili okusheshayo nokungenakuphikiswa kwezimpawu ze-COPD.
Njengoba isimo esisodwa siba sibi nakakhulu, esinye sivame ukulandela ngaphandle kokuthi kuthathwe izinyathelo ezithile zokuqapha.
Izimbangela
I-pneumonia yebhaktheriya iyenzeka lapho amabhaktheriya axhumanayo efinyelela endleleni engenhla yamaphaphu. Ngokuya ngesimo sezempilo somuntu ngamunye, amabhaktheriya angabangela ukutheleleka kwangasese noma aholele pneumonia lapho amasaka omhlaba ( alveoli ) womunye noma womabili amaphaphu agcwalisa uketshezi.
I-Streptococcus pneumoniae neHaemophilus influenza yizona zimbangela ezivame kakhulu ze-pneumonia yebhaktheriya.
Abantu abane-COPD basengozini ikakhulukazi ekuphefumulweni kwamandla omzimba njengoba amasosha omzimba abo ahlehlisiwe ngokuvuvukala okuqhubekayo kwamapayipi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-mucus eqoqiwe ejwayelekile eCOPD idala imvelo ephelele lapho kutholakala khona ukutheleleka.
Izimpawu Nezibonakaliso
Izimpawu ze-pneumonia yebhaktheriya azifani nanoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lwe-pneumonia . Uma kuthiwa, i-pneumonia ye-bacteria ivame kakhulu kunomzala wayo, ikakhulukazi ngaphakathi kwe-COPD.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, ngokwengxenye, ukuthi i-pneumonia yebhaktheriya ivame ukushaya abantu abane- immune function , kanti i-pneumonia yegciwane ingathinta ngisho nalabo abanezigciwane ezizivikela ngamandla.
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-pneumonia yebhaktheriya zihlanganisa:
- Kwaqala ngokungazelelwe izikhukhula
- Ukukhuphuka ngokushesha kwe-101 o F kuya ku 105 o F
- Ukushaya izinhlungu zesifuba kugxilile ngokuphefumula nokukhwehlela
- Umcus ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ophuzi
- Ngokushesha, ukuphefumula okungajulile (i-tachypnea)
- Siyabonga
- I-Nasal flaring
Lesi simo sibhekwa njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha uma umkhuhlane omkhulu uhambisana nokudideka, ukucindezeleka okuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo ( tachycardia ), kanye nephunga le-skin eluhlaza ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-oxygen ( cyanosis ).
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa kwe-pneumonia yebhaktheriya kuvame ukuqala ngokuhlolwa komzimba nokubuyekeza kokubili izimpawu nomlando wesiguli. Okunye ukuhlolwa kungabandakanya:
- I-X-ray ye-Chest ukuhlola ubukhulu be-lung infiltration
- Isiko lesi-sputum ukusiza ukukhomba uhlobo lwebhaktheriya
- Ukuhlola i-urine antigen ukuthola ukuthi kukhona amabhaktheriya athile
- Ukushisa okwenziwe nge- arterial or pulse oximetry ukuhlola amazinga e-oxygen saturation
- Amasiko egazi ukuthola ukuthi ngabe ama-bacteria asakaze yini emaphashini afike egazini
Ukwelapha
I-pneumonia yebhaktheriya iyaphathwa ngama- antibiotics . Omunye noma ngaphezulu antibiotic ngomlomo kungenziwa kunqunywe kuye ngokuthi ubuhlungu noma ukuphindaphinda kokutheleleka. Izinketho zezidakamizwa zihlanganisa:
- I-Adoxa (doxycycline)
- I-Amoxil (i-amoxicillin)
- I-Biaxin (i-clarithromycin)
- I-Zithromax (i-azithromycin)
Uma ukwelashwa kuqalwa, abantu bazovame ukuzizwa bengcono ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Konke okukhulunywe ngakho, kungathatha izinsuku ezingu-10 noma ngaphezulu ukuze kutholakale ngokugcwele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma sekuqalwa ama-antibiotics, kufanele athathwe ekuqedeni. Ukwehluleka ukwenza kanjalo kungaholela ekuphikeleni kwama-antibiotic , okusho ukuthi izidakamizwa ngeke zisebenze futhi uma ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya kubuya.
Izimo ezimbi ze-pneumonia zingadinga ukunakekelwa esibhedlela futhi zibandakanye ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic emithi kanye namanzi okugcoba ukuvimbela ukungcola.
Ukuvimbela
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-pneumonia ye-bacterial ukuthola umgomo wokuphefumula. Eyaziwa njengePneumovax 23 , lo mgomo unconywa kunoma ubani onesi-COPD nge-booster eyengeziwe edluliswa yonke iminyaka emihlanu noma lapho umuntu ephenduka iminyaka engu-65.
Umuthi wesibili we-pneumonia, owaziwa ngokuthi i-Prevnar 13, uphakanyiswa futhi kubantu abangu-65 nangaphezulu.
Ezinye izixwayiso ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:
- Ukuyeka ukubhema ukunciphisa ukuqhubekela phambili kwe-COPD nokuvimbela ukukhuphuka
- Ukuthola ukudubula komkhuhlane waminyaka yonke ukuvimbela ukulimala okwengeziwe kumaphaphu
- Ukugeza izandla ngaso sonke isikhathi
- Ukugwema noma ubani ogulayo, ukukhwehlela noma ukukhipha
> Imithombo:
> Diao, W .; I-Shen, i-N .; Yu, P. et al. "Ukusebenza komgomo wokuphefumula we-23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide ekuvimbeleni i-pneumonia etholakale emphakathini phakathi kwabantu abadala abangenakuqhathaniswa: Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile nokuhlaziywa kwe-meta-analysis of trials randomized." Umgomo . 2016; 34 (13): 1496-1503. I-DOI: 10.1016 / j.vaccine.2016.02.023
> Torres, A .; UBlasi, F .; Dartois, N. et al. "Ngumuphi umuntu onobungozi obengeziwe bokugula kwe-pneumococcal futhi kungani? Umthelela we-COPD, isifo se-asthma, ukubhema, isifo sikashukela, kanye / noma isifo senhliziyo esingapheli emzimbeni womuntu otholakala emphakathini kanye nezifo eziphazamisayo zepneumococcal." I-Thorax . 2015; 70 (10): 984-9. I-DOI: 10.1136 / thoraxjnl-2015-206780.