Isibungu, esaziwa nangokuthi i-fungus, ngumndeni wezinto eziphilayo ezitholakala kulo lonke uhlobo. Ngokungafani nezitshalo, isikhunta sidinga imithombo yokudla namanzi ukuze ikhule. Lo mthombo wokudla uvame ukuba uhlobo lwezinto ze-carbohydrate, njengezinkuni noma i-cellulose.
Isibungu sikhula ngamayunithi abizwa ngokuthi i-mycelium bese iveza ngokubunjwa kwezinhlamvu. Ama-spores avame ukuvela emoyeni, futhi njenge- pollen ingabangela isifo sokugula .
Yiziphi izinhlobo zezifo ezingakwazi ukufaka isikhunta?
I-Mold inezinhlangano ezaziwayo nezifo zabantu. Abantu bangahlakulela izifo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ezahlukene, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinamasosha omzimba angasebenzi kahle. I-fungi nayo yaziwa ngokukhiqiza ubuthi, okuye kwabekwa icala ngokubangela izifo ezihlukahlukene.
Izibhamu zingabangela ukuzivikela okukhulu kwamagciwane ngenxa yekoloni (ukuhlala ngaphakathi, kodwa kungabangeli ukutheleleka kwangempela) amaphaphu (hypersensitivity pneumonitis) kanye nezono. Izibungu nazo ziyaziwa ngokubangela izifo ezihlukahlukene zokugula, ezifana ne- allergenic rhinitis ne- asthma ye-allergen .
Iziphi izibungu eziziwa ngokuthi zibangelwa ukukhipha imithi?
Kunezinkulungwane zezinhlobo ze-isikhunta, kodwa-ke, ezimbalwa kuphela lezi zitholakalayo ukuhlolwa kokunciphisa umzimba . Okulandelayo yizimbangela eziningi zezifo ezithathelwanayo ezisekelwe ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlamvu ezibunjiwe eziqoqwe emoyeni:
- Alternaria. Isibunjwa esivamile sangaphandle; ukungahambi kahle kulokhu kukhonjelwa kungahlotshaniswa ne- asthma enzima .
- Cladosporium. Isibungu esivamile esivame ukuphuma emoyeni.
- I-Aspergillus. Isibungu esivamile ngaphakathi nangaphandle; futhi ihlobene ne-aspergillosis ye-bronchopulmonary evamile.
- I-Penicillium. Isibunjwa esivamile ngaphakathi; ukungezwani komzimba okungahlotshaniswa nokuhlukunyezwa kwama-antibiotic.
- Helminthosporum. Okuvame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezifudumele.
- I-Epicoccum. Kutholakala ezindaweni zasemadlelweni nasezindaweni zezolimo.
- I-Fusarium. Kuvame ukutholakala ngokubola izitshalo.
- Aureobasidium. Isimo esijwayelekile esingaphandle, esitholakalayo ephepheni, izingodo kanye nezindawo ezidwetshiwe.
- Phoma. Isibhunu sangaphandle, esivamile ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi ezimanzi.
- Smuts. Kutholakala kakhulu ezindaweni zokulima.
- Rhizopus noMucor. Kutholakala ngokujwayelekile emaqabungeni ahlalayo nasezindaweni ezingenamanzi zangaphakathi. Izinhlobo ezifakwe emoyeni zalezi zibunji azivamile.
- Yeasts. Kuvame ukutholakala emoyeni ngenkathi emanzi ezindaweni zokulima. Isifo sofuzo kuya ku-Candida albicans siphikisana, naphezu kwabanye abantu abanesifo sokuvivinya umzimba esihlotsheni salolu hlobo lokubunjwa.
Yiziphi Izikhathi Zonyaka Ingabe Isibungu Sokungenwa Kwemfuyo Sikhona?
Ezimweni ezibandayo, isikhunta singatholakala emoyeni wangaphandle kusukela ekuqaleni kwebusika futhi kuqhuma ngasekupheleni kwehlobo kuya ezinyangeni zokuwa ekuqaleni (Julayi kuya ku-Okthoba). Ezimweni ezifudumele, izinhlamvu zezibunji zitholakala unyaka wonke, amazinga aphakeme kakhulu atholakala ngasekupheleni kwehlobo kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinyanga zokuwa.
Nakuba ukubunjwa kwangaphakathi kungenzeka unyaka wonke futhi kuxhomeke emazingeni omswakama ekhaya, amazinga okubunjwa ngaphakathi angaphezulu uma amazinga okubunjwa angaphandle angaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, umthombo ovamile wesikhunta sangaphakathi usuka emvelweni wangaphandle, nakuba ungase ube nokungcoliswa kwendawo yangaphakathi.
Yiziphi Izindlela Ezingahle Zisetshenziselwe Ukwehlisa Izinga Lamaxhaphozi Angaphandle?
- Vimbela ukubunjwa kwangaphandle ukungena ekhaya ngokugcina iminyango namafasitela avaliwe futhi usebenzisa umoya wokushisa umoya onesihlungi se-allergen-grade air
- Lawula umswakama ongaphakathi nangokusetshenziswa kwabaqashi
- Lungisa ukuvuza kwamanzi ezindlini zokugeza, emakhishini nasezindlini zokuhlala
- Qinisekisa umoya owanele wezindawo ezinomanzi
- Ukuhlanza (noma ukufaka esikhundleni) izindawo ezingcolile zihlanjululwe isisombululo se-chlorine bleach (ingxenye eyodwa ye-bleach yasekhaya emanzini ayisishiyagalolunye amanzi), ngenkathi usebenzisa i-gear efanelekile yokuzivikela (imaski nezigqoko)
- Sebenzisa ama- HEPA -filters on vacuums noma njengesihlungi se-stand-alone air
- Nciphisa izindlu zasendlini zangaphakathi, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi labo abakhona abanakho isikhunta emaqabunga nasemhlabathini
> Imithombo:
> Bush RK, i-Portnoy JM. Ukuqashwa Nokungeniswa Kwe-Fungal Allergens Esifo Sokugula. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001; 107: S430-40.
> Eggleston PA, Bush RK. Ukugwema konke okwezemvelo. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001; 107: S403-5.