Ucwaningo luveza ukuthi kungani imishanguzo ihluleka ukuvimbela isifo
Kwaphela amashumi eminyaka, kwakukholelwa ukuthi i- HIV iqhubekela phambili ku-AIDS ngendlela ehle kakhulu: isakaze emzimbeni njengegciwane lesandulela-ngculazi, lizibandakanya namaseli omzimba (ikakhulukazi i- CD4 + T-cells ) futhi idlwengula ukukhiqiza kwazo ukuze kuvele amakhophi amaningi ngokwalo. Ngokwenza kanjalo, i-HIV iyakwazi ukusakaza kulo lonke uhlelo, ukwandisa ngezinombolo kuze kutholakale amakholi e-T okwanele ukuvimbela ngokugcwele ukuvikelwa komzimba komuntu (incazelo yemitholampilo ye- AIDS ).
Ukucwaninga okuvelayo kuphakamisa ukuthi lokhu akunjalo, noma okungenani hhayi indlela yesifo esiyicabanga ngayo. Eqinisweni, kusukela esikhathini eside ngasekupheleni kwe-1990, ososayensi bebeqalile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-HIV ingasakazeka ngqo kusuka esitokisini kuya esitokisini ngaphandle kokwenza noma yiliphi igciwane lesandulela ngculazi.
Le ndlela yokudlulisela eminye yesibili, ngokusho kocwaningo oluvela eSan Francisco-based Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology , iphakathi kuka-100 no-1 000 izikhathi eziphumelelayo ngokwengeziwe ekukhuculeni amangqamuzana e-CD4 kunegciwane lesandulela ngculazi futhi lingasiza ekuchazeni, ngokwengxenye, ukuthi kungani ukugoma okwamanje amamodeli akwazi ukuvimbela noma ukuvimbela ngokwanele i-HIV.
Ngokuzidlulisela esitokisini kuya esitokisini, i-HIV ingabangela ukusabela kwamakhamera eselula lapho amangqamuzana omzimba omzimba azibulala ngokuzikhulula. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angama-95 e-CD4 efa ngenxa yalokho, ngokumelene ne-5% kuphela ngegciwane elingenayo.
Ukuchaza ukuhanjiswa kweselula kuya kweselula
Ukudluliselwa kwe-cell-to-cell kwe-HIV kwenzeka ngo-okuthiwa "ama-synapses ama-virological", lapho iseli elithathelelekile linyathela khona "ukuphumula" esitokisini esithintekayo futhi lisebenzisa amaprotheni e-viral ukuze aphule i-membrane yeselula. (Inqubo yathathwa ngevidiyo ngo-2012 ososayensi e-UC Davis naseNtaba iSinayi School of Medicine.)
Uma usufikile, umlindi uphendukela ezingxenyeni zeDNA egazini, okwenza inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i- pyroptosis lapho iseli iqaphela izimpawu zengozi futhi ivuvuka kancane kancane futhi iqhuma, ibulale ngokwayo. Uma kwenzeka lokhu, isisindo esiphuthumayo sikhipha amaprotheni okuvuvukala okuthiwa i- cytokines ekhombisa amanye amasosha omzimba ekuhlaselweni-amaseli asebekwe ngqo ekutheleleni kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza.
Abacwaningi baseGladstone bakwazi ukubonisa ukuthi ngokuvimbela ukuxhumana kocingo-cell-ngokusebenzisa ama-chemical inhibitors, ama-synaptic blockers, noma ngisho nokwehlukana ngokomzimba kwamaseli-cells e-CD4 ukufa kwamiswa kahle. Baphetha ngokuthi ukuthintana kwe-cell-to-cell "kwakudingeka ngempela" ukuze ukufa kwe-cell (nokuqhubeka kwesifo) kwenzeke.
Imiphumela yocwaningo
Okubangela ukuthi lokhu kubalulekile kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi akugcini nje ukuchaza izindlela zokwehliswa kwe-CD4 cell, futhi kubonakala ukuthi ubuthakathaka obuthakathaka bukhona emklamo wamanje wokugoma.
Ngokuvamile, izinhlobo zokugoma ze-HIV ziye zagxila ekuthokozeni isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ukuze siqaphele futhi sihlasele amaprotheni angaphansi kweso lengculazi. Uma i-HIV idluliselwa kusuka esitokisini kuya esitokisini, noma kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ihlaselwe, ivikeleke ekutholeni ngaphakathi kwakhayo iseli elithathelelekile.
Ukuze unqobe lokhu, amamodeli amasha azodinga ukusiza amasosha omzimba ahlose amaprotheni abaluleke kakhulu ekubunjweni kwe-synaptic kanye / noma ukudala ama-anti-anti-agal angakwazi ukuvimbela inqubo ye-synaptic. Uma lokhu kungafinyelelwa, ikhono le-HIV liqhubekela phambili ku-AIDS lingalinganiselwe kakhulu, noma liyeke ngisho.
Ngenkathi izindlela zokudluliselwa kwe-cell-to-cell zingakacaciswanga ngokugcwele, ukutholakala kubonisa ushintsho olujulile ekuqondeni kwethu ukuthi i-HIV iqhubekela phambili kanjani ku-AIDS futhi isinikeza umbono wezinhlelo ezikhona zokuqeda i-HIV.
> Imithombo:
UCarr, J .; Ukuqhafaza, H .; Li, P .; et al. "Ukudluliselwa Kwamaselula Okusheshayo Nokusebenza Kwamaselula Okusheshayo Nokusebenza Kwamasosha Okungenwa Kwama-Immunodeficiency Virus kusuka ku-Monocyte-Amakhemikhali Aphethwe Ama-Lymphocyte Agazini." I-Virology. Disemba 20, 1999; 265 (2): 319-329.
I-Doitsh, G .; Galloway, N .; kanye no-Geng, X. "I-Cell Death Death by Pyroptosis Drives CD4 T-Cell Ukususwa ku-HIV-1 Infection." Izingane zokwelapha. Ngo-Novemba 1, 2014; 134 (3): 509-514.
Galloway, N .; I-Doitsh, G .; Monroe, K .; et al. "Ukudluliselwa kwe-Cell-to-Cell kwe-HIV-1 Kudingeka Ukuqeda Ukufa Kwe-Pyroptotic Ye-Lymphoid-Tissue-I-CD4 T Elulalayo." Imibiko yeselula. Agasti 4, 2015; eshicilelwe ku-inthanethi I-DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.011.
I-University of California Davis Isikhungo se-Biophotonics Science and Technology. "Okokuqala-I-Video Yonke Iveza ukuthi i-HIV isakazeka kanjani phakathi kwama-immune." I-Sacramento, eCalifornia; Ukukhishwa kwe-Press kukhishwe ngomhla ka-Mashi 27, 2009.