Emhlabeni wonke, abesifazane base-transgender baye babika ukuthi banezinga eliphezulu kakhulu le- HIV . Nakuba zivame ukuhlukaniswa namadoda alala nobulili namadoda ukuze ahlolisise, abesilisa be-transgender banezinkinga zabo eziyingqayizivele zeHIV kanye nokukhathazeka. Ngokwesibonelo, abesifazane base-transgender bathola izithiyo eziningi zokwenza impumelelo kuzo zonke izimpilo zabo.
Lezi zihlanganisa nezinkinga zokufinyelela emisebenzini, izindlu, nezinye izinto ezidingekayo zokuphila. Izithiyo ezinjalo ziye zahlotshaniswa nokwanda okukhudlwana kokuzama ukuziphatha okuyingozi, njengezocansi ezingalondoloziwe. Izithiyo zingase zibe ngaphezulu nakwabesifazane be-transgender bombala.
Kuvame kangakanani ukuthi i-HIV phakathi kwabesifazane abahlukumezekile? Ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta ka-2013 kutholakale ukuthi, emazweni amahlanu aphezulu ahola imali, isilinganiso samaphesenti angu-22 abesifazane besahluko sine-HIV. Eqinisweni, abesifazane base-transgender babenamathuba angaphezu kuka-50 okuba nesandulela ngculazi kunabantu abaningi abadala. Okunye ukulinganiswa kwezinga le-HIV kuma-transgender abesifazane ase-US kusuka kuma-16-17 amaphesenti phakathi kwabesifazane abamhlophe nabaseLatina abangaphezu kwama-56 amaphesenti abesifazane abantsundu. Lezi zindleko ziphakeme kakhulu kunabantu abaningi futhi zifana namanani abonakala emadodeni alala nobulili namadoda.
Obani Laba Basifazane?
Abesifazane be-Transgender bahlala emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele.
Bahamba ngamagama ahlukahlukene ahlukene, kodwa banento eyodwa efanayo. Abesifazane beTransgender ngabanye abantu abathintekayo ngokobulili ababeselwa ekuzalweni babengamaduna kodwa abanikazi babo bobulili bangabesifazane. Ngaphandle kwalokho, baphila impilo eminingi ehlukene.Bangase babe ngabesilisa ocansini, abesilisa ocansini, noma abesilisa nabesifazane. Basengashadile noma abangashadile, abaqashiwe noma abangasebenzi.
Kungenzeka ukuthi baye baphuma esikoleni noma bafundisa esikunivesithi.
Abesifazane abathile be-transgender baphila njengabesifazane ingxenye yesikhathi. Abanye baphila njengabesifazane besigcwele isikhathi. Abanye basebenzisa ukwelashwa kwama-hormone ocansini ukusiza ukuqinisa ubulili babo. (Lawa mahomoni angabangela ushintsho esikhumbeni nasekukhuleni kwebele, phakathi kweminye imiphumela.) Abanye baphinde babe nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuhlinzwa kobulili . Abesifazane abahlukumezayo be-transgender benza ngendlela yokuqinisekisa nokuveza ukuthi bangubani, ngezinye izikhathi bangenelela engozini ye-HIV.
I-Trans Misogyny
Abesifazane be-Transgender bavame ukubhekana nokucwaswa nokubandlululwa okukhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ukubukeka kwabo kungavumelani namazinga okulindelekile wesifazane kwamasiko ahlala kuwo. UJulia Serano uhlele igama elithi "trans-misogyny" encwadini yakhe ethi Whipping Girl. Usebenzisa leli gama ukuchaza izindlela ezithandana nabesifazane abangezenzile zivame ukuveza ukuthi ziphi izimpawu zabo zokuziphatha kanye nobuqili babo njengabesifazane.
Ngokuvamile, abesifazane base-transgender babika ukubandlulula kakhulu kunamadoda angama-transgender. Lokhu kungenzeka, ngokwengxenye, ngenxa yezinkinga, imibono yobulili-essentialist ebeka noma yimuphi umuntu one-penis njengesisongo socansi kwabesifazane. Izibonelo zalokhu zingabonakala ezimpikiswaneni eziphathelene nemithetho yokuhlala yomphakathi.
Abantu abaphikisana nemithetho yokugezela bayakhuluma ngokusongelwa "kwamadoda" ezindlini zokugeza zabesifazane ngoba ababonanga abesifazane be-transgender njengabesifazane. Kodwa-ke, bambalwa abantu abakhuluma ngokukhathazeka ngamadoda angama-transgender asebenzisa ikamelo lamadoda. Abaqapheli ukuthi ingozi abesifazane besifazane abayithathayo uma bethatha izakhiwo zamadoda esikhundleni.
Izindlela Ezintathu Eziguquguquka Ngama-Misogyny Ziba Nengozi yeHIV
Ukubandlulula okungahambisani nokuhlukunyezwa kwabantu abangezenzekelayo kubangele ingozi yegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kubantu besifazane abahlukumezayo ngezindlela eziningi:
- Abesifazane be-Transgender bangase babe nokucwaswa okukhulu lapho befuna izindlu nomsebenzi. Lokhu kungaholela ezimweni ezinobungozi njengokuphela kokungenamakhaya noma ukudingeka ukuba uhlanganyele emsebenzini wobulili ukuze usinde. Umsebenzi wezocansi ungumgogodla omkhulu wokuthola i-HIV, futhi abasebenzi bezocansi be-transgender bahlala kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Abantu abangenamakhaya bangaphinda bajobe ama-hormone ngokungemthetho, kuhlanganise nezinaliti ezabelwana ngazo.
- I-Trans-misogyny ihlotshaniswa nobungozi obandayo bokucindezeleka, futhi abesifazane abathintekayo bakholelwa kakhulu ukuthi banamaphesenti angaphezu kwezinga lokuhlukunyezwa nokulutha. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingenalutho kungenye yezinkinga ezinkulu zokuthola i-HIV.
- Abantu be-Transgender bavame ukunciphisa ukufinyelela ekunakekelweni kwezempilo , phakathi kwezinye izinto, kubahlinzeki bezokwelapha abahlukumezayo ekuphatheni. Bangase babe nokwehluleka ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, kubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV uma bebe nakho okungalungile nodokotela esikhathini esidlule.
I-Biology ne-HIV Ingozi ye-Transgender Women
Ngokungahambisani ne-trans-misogyny, kunezizathu eziningana zezizathu zokuthi kungani abesifazane be-transgender bengase babe nezingozi ze-HIV. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukujwayela okuvamile kwesandulela ngculazi, ikakhulukazi ubulili obungathinteki. Ubulili obucatshangelwayo bubhekwa njengengozi enkulu kakhulu ye-HIV. Ukuziphatha ngokobulili ngemuva kokuhlinza ngokocansi kungase kube yingozi nakakhulu kwabesifazane abahlukumezayo. Okokugcina, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izicubu ezisetshenziselwa ukwakha i-neo-vagina zingase zandise ingozi ye-HIV uma kuqhathaniswa nobungozi obonakele ngokobulili kumama-cisgender .
Iziphetho
Izici zokuziphatha zidlala indima ekubhekaneni nengozi ephezulu yegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ebonwe abesifazane besiphambene. Noma kunjalo, izici zomphakathi nezakhiwo zingase zibaluleke nakakhulu. Ukwandisa ukufinyelela kokunakekelwa kwezempilo nokunciphisa ukucwaswa ngokobulili okusekelwe ekubhekaneni ngokobulili kungaba amathuluzi anamandla ekunciphiseni izingozi zeHIV kuleli qembu.
Qaphela: Kunabantu abaningi abesilisa abahlukumezayo ababhekana nezinkinga ezifanayo zokucwaswa nokucwaswa okukhulunywa ngakho kulesi sihloko. Kodwa-ke, lesi sihloko sigxile kubesifazane abahlukumezekile ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu le-HIV ababhekana nalo.
Imithombo:
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Grant, Jaime M., Lisa A. Mottet, Justin Tanis, Jack Harrison, uJody L. Herman, noMara Keisling. Ukungabi Nabulungisa Kuzo Zonke Izindlela: Umbiko We-National Transgender Discrimination Survey . Washington: Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokulingana kwe-Transgender kanye ne-National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, ngo-2011.