Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani abantu be-Transgender beNgculazi yengculazi eyanda
Idatha ephathelene nezindleko ze-HIV kubantu abakwehlukanisa ngokuvamile kunzima ukuthola njengabesifazane besilisa (i-FTM) kanye nabesilisa nabesifazane (i-MTF) akuzona ukuhlukaniswa ngokobulili ngokuvamile okuphawulwe emibikweni eminingi yokuqapha. Isimo saseCalifornia siyinto engavamile, ngokungezelela i-MTF ne-FTM njengokhetho lobulili olubhalisiwe ngo-2002.
Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngo-2008 lwaphetha ngokuthi phakathi kwabantu base transgress eCalifornia, ama-6.8% ayenesandulela ngculaza- ayengenayo i- HIV .
Lokhu kwakuyizinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokusakazeka kwanoma yiliphi iqembu kuhulumeni, kuhlanganise namadoda alala namadoda (MSM) . Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu base-Afrika baseMelika base-transgender babenezinga lokutheleleka cishe cishe ngo-29%.
I-HIV phakathi kwesibalo se-transgender isaba yinto ebalulekile, futhi engavumelani nayo, yezenhlalakahle. Imibono yezenhlalo ngokuphathelene nobulili nokusebenza kobulili ukuhlukanisa umphakathi ngokubanzi, ukubeka amadoda nabesifazane abesilisa abesilisa ekwenzeni ukwanda kwamathuba okutheleleka nokuguqulwa kwezifo.
Ukuchaza i-Transgender
I- transgender yegama liyigama elibandakanya umuntu owazi ukuthi ubulili nobunikazi bakhe buhluke kulokho okulindelwe ngenxa yobulili babo bokuzalwa. Ubunikazi bezinsizakalo eziwela ngaphansi kwesambulela se-transgender zifaka:
- Umphambano - umuntu ogqoke izingubo evame ukubhekwa kobulili obuhlukile
- Ubunikazi bobulili - labo abazizwa ubulili babo bahlanganisa bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane
- I-Transsexual - labo abathola ubulili babo bezingxabano nezocansi zabo zesayensi. Laba bantu bazizwa ukuthi umzimba wabo womzimba awubhekisani nobulili babo boqobo.
- I-Transvestite - enye (isikhathi esiphelelwe yisikhathi) i-term for a crossstresser
- I-Cisgender - okhomba ngobulili abanikezwe ngesikhathi sokuzalwa
- I-Genderqueer - esetshenziselwa ukuchaza umuntu okhomba kokubili owesilisa nowesifazane; noma owesilisa ongowesifazane; noma ubulili ngaphandle kwendabuko yesibili yesilisa (wesilisa nowesifazane)
Kuyinto engavamile ukuba abantu badibanise ubunikazi bobulili nokuzibandakanya ngokobulili, noma ukuxhuma ababili uma kungekho mhlangano okhona. Ngencazelo, ukuziphatha ngokobulili kuchaza iphethini lokukhwabanisa ngokomzwelo, ngokomzwelo, noma ngokobulili komunye umuntu. Ukuvumelana kwezesayensi ukuthi ukuziphatha ngokobulili akuyona into ekhethayo futhi kunalokho kuthonywe ukuhlanganiswa kwezimo ze-hormonal kanye nezakhi zofuzo ekuqaleni kokuthuthukiswa kwesibeletho.
Ubunikazi bobulili, ngokuphambene, bubhekisela ebulili noma ngokobulili umuntu okhomba ngokuthi. Ubunikazi obunikazi bungashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi akuhlobene ngaso sonke isikhathi nokujwayela ngokobulili. Isibonelo, uma umuntu ozelwe owesilisa ekhomba njengowesifazana, angaba nobungqingili, abesilisa ocansini noma ocansini.
Isigungu se-HIV Phakathi kwabantu be-Transgender
Nakuba izindlela zokudlulisela emphakathini we-transgender zifana nenye noma yimuphi omunye umuntu, kunezici ezithile ezibeka abantu abahlukumezekile engozini enkulu ye-HIV.
- Ukwesaba kanye nengozi yokudalulwa ngokuvamile kwenza kube nzima ukubona nokufinyelela amalungu omphakathi we-transgender. Akukona nje ukuthi lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi yokuzama ukufinyelela ekuvinjeni, izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukusakaza zivame ukungabi yizo ngqo kubantu noma, kubi nakakhulu, ukucwaswa ngokobulili.
- Ngokuvamile, labo abaqaphela ukuthi i-transgender bayazi ukuthi i-anatomy yabo ihluke kanjani kunomphakathi wezokwelapha. Ngaphandle kwenkulumo ejwayelekile, ukukhuthaza impilo kanye nemfundo kuba nzima. Umphakathi wezokwelapha uvame ukungaziqondi ngalolu daba lokuhlonza, okwenza ukukhuthazwa kwezempilo nemfundo kube nzima nakakhulu.
- Labo abazisho njenge-transgender bavamise ukuzama ukulala ngokocansi futhi bangase babone ingozi ngokuhlukile-bathi, phakathi kwabathengisi be-MTF abakholelwa ukuthi bangama-lesbians. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaningi bahilelekile ekusebenzeni ngokocansi ukusekela izidakamizwa ezidakamizwa; ukwenza imali ye-hormonal therapy; noma ngenxa yokuthi ukucwaswa komsebenzi kubangelwa ukubhekelwa komnotho. Ukwabelana nge-needle kuvamile kulabo abafaka ama-hormone ukwandisa ngisho nangaphezulu ingozi yokudluliselwa.
Yini Engenziwa?
Amaphutha ekwelapheni, ekunakekeleni nasekufinyeleleni kubonakala emiphakathini lapho ama-transgender amazinga aphezulu ephezulu. Kuqhubeka umzamo wokugcwalisa lezi zikhala, ukuhlanganisa amasevisi aqondene ne-transgender enikeza amalungu omphakathi ukufinyelela okuphephile nokuyimfihlo kokuhlola, imithi nokusekela.
Amaphuzu aphambili ezinsizakalo eziqondene ne-HIV:
- Abahlinzeki kumele baqonde izidingo zomphakathi we-transgender futhi bahlale bezwela ezindabeni zokuhlonza ngokobulili nokuzimela komuntu siqu.
- Izinkampani zomshuwalense kumele ziqonde ukubaluleka kokwelashwa kwe-hormonal futhi zenze umzamo ongcono wokuhlinzeka ngemithi ekhokhelwayo ngokunakekelwa okusekelayo.
- Imfundo yokuvimbela idinga ukubhekiswe ngqo kumphakathi we-transgender ngendlela ezwela izidingo zabo, ukukhathazeka kanye nokwesaba.
- Abahlinzeki ngabanye kufanele banakekele ngokukhethekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iziguli zabo zizizwa ziphephile ngokudalula ubunikazi babo futhi zihloniphe imigomo yalezo zimpawu uma zivezwe (okungukuthi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-transgender ngendlela efanele "yena" noma "yena").
Umthombo:
UHerbst, J. et al; "Ukulinganisa Ukutholakala Kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kanye Nezingozi Zabantu Base-Transgender E-United States: Ukubuyekezwa Okuhlelekile." I-AIDS Behavio r. Januwari 2008; 2 (1): 1-17.