E-United States, amadoda angama-gay angengozi enkulu yokuthola i- HIV ne-AIDS. Phakathi kuka-2010 no-2015, amaphesenti angu-68 ezandulela i-HIV aphakathi kwamadoda alala nobulili namadoda. Ingozi ibuye iphakeme nakakhulu kubantu abesilisa abathandanayo. Kungani amadoda angama-gay angase athole i-HIV?
Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani amadoda abesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa nabesifazane abesengozini enkulu ye-HIV kunezihlobo zabo eziqondile.
Ezinye zezizathu ziyizinto eziphilayo. Izinhlobo ezithile zobungqingili besilisa gay zivame kakhulu ukudlulisela i-HIV. Ezinye izizathu zibonisa izinto zangempela zomphakathi mayelana nokuthi amadoda alala namadoda (MSM) ahlala kanjani emhlabeni futhi aphathwa ngumphakathi.
Indlela I-Biology Yandisa Ngayo Ingozi Yegciwane lesandulela ngculazi Namadoda Abesilisa Nabesifazane Besilisa Nabobulili
Akuwona wonke amadoda angama-gay ajabulela ubulili obufanayo. Kodwa-ke, ubulili besilisa ngenye yezizathu eziyinhloko ukuthi amadoda angama-gay anamazinga aphezulu we-HIV. Ososayensi baye balinganisa ukuthi izinga lokudlulisela i-HIV ngesikhathi sokulala ngokocansi liphindwe izikhathi ezingu-18 kunesilinganiso ngesikhathi socansi . Ingozi yokuthola igciwane lesandulela ngculaza ngesikhathi isenzo sobulili esingalondekile singalinganiselwa ku-1.4%.
Abanye abesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesifazane abathandana nabo bajabulela ukulala ocansini. Kodwa-ke, kunesinye isici sezinto eziphilayo ezenza ukuba abantu abesilisa abathandana nabo bahlukunyezwe ngokocansi. Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi bahlanganyele kokubili "ukukhwabanisa" nokuthi "ukuhluma", noma ukungena nokuthola. Lokhu kwaziwa njengendima yokuhlukahluka , futhi kuboniswe ukwandisa ingozi yokudlulisela i- HIV.
Kungani? Amadoda abenza ukulalela okungavikelekile, okungavikelekile angasengozini enkulu yokuthola i- HIV . Amadoda abenza ukufaka isandla, ukulalana okungavimbelwe ukuvimbela i-HIV kubalingani babo. Uma amadoda enza kokubili, ukuhlanganiswa kokuziphatha kuthuthukisa ukusabalala kwe-HIV ngendlela engabonwayo emibhangqwaneni engqingili.
Emibhangqwaneni engqingiliyo, amadoda angaphezu kokungenelela futhi abesifazane bangene. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-HIV ikwazi ukusabalalisa kakhulu kumlingani wesilisa kumlingani wesifazane kunalokho okungahambisani nalokhu.
Indlela iNhlangano Yithinta Ngayo Ingculaza Phakathi KwamaGay nabesilisa Abesilisa nabesifazane
Akuyona nje i-biology eyenza amadoda angama-gay amathuba amaningi okuthola i-HIV. Izikhungo zomphakathi nazo zikhokhela indima. Ngokuyinhloko, kuboniswe ukuthi ukuhlenga kwenza kube nzima kubantu besilisa ukuba bathole ukunakekelwa kwezempilo. Ezinye izinhlobo zokubandlululwa komthetho nezenhlalo zithinta ukufinyelela kwabo kanye. Ukuntuleka kokufinyelela okunokwethenjelwa kokunakekelwa kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekusakazeni kwe-HIV. Kungabangela ukulibaziseka ekuxilongweni nasekwelapha ukutheleleka nge-HIV. Lokho kubi ngempela. Abantu bavame ukubhebhetheka kakhulu ngesikhathi sokutheleleka okunzima (okusha) . Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma bengazi ukuthi banegciwane. Ngokushesha, ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba ukwelashwa kunciphisa ukutheleleka. Eqinisweni, lokho kuyisimiso sokwelashwa njengokuvimbela. Ngakho-ke, ukubambezeleka kokunakekelwa kwezempilo kuqhubeka kwandisa ingozi ye-HIV phakathi kwe-MSM.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqembu athile abesilisa abesilisa abesilisa abathandana nabo basengozini enkulu ngokukhethekile. Ingozi yabo iphezulu ngenxa yokuthi amaphesenti amakhulu abalingani babo abangaba khona banesifo sengculaza.
Lapho abantu abaningi emphakathini benesandulelangculaza, kunengozi enkulu ukuthi umuntu uzovezwa. Lokhu kunenkinga enkulu kuMMSM omnyama. Bavame ukuhlangana emiphakathini encane kakhulu, engozini enkulu. Ngenxa yalokho, ingozi yabo yegciwane lesandulela ngculazi ivame ukuphakama kuneyezinye i-MSM. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngisho nalapho ukukhetha kwabo nokuziphatha kwabo kuphephile.
Isibonelo, i-MSM emnyama e-United States inamathuba amathathu okuba negciwane lesandulela ngculazi njengenye i-MSM, kuyiqiniso yize kunjalo, ngokulinganayo, bancane amathuba okuba bahlanganyele ekuziphatheni okuyingozi. Isibonelo, bancane amathuba okusebenzisa izidakamizwa ngesikhathi sezocansi. Kodwa-ke, akuyona nje ingozi ephezulu yesikhungo sabo somlingani esibangela lokhu kungavumelani.
Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-MSM anesandulela ngculaza, i-MSM emnyama negciwane lesandulela ngculaza nayo ayinamathuba okuba:
- ube nomshuwalense wezempilo
- yiba nempumelelo yemigomo yesigodi
- ube ne- CD4 count ephezulu
Lezi zinkinga zibonisa ukungalingani kwezempilo okuhlelekile okuhlobene nobuhlanga. Lezo zimphumela azikhawulelwe ku-HIV noma ku-MSM emnyama.
Ukukhuluma ngeStigma Ebenza Abantu Babize i-AIDS ngeGay Gay
Ngezinye izikhathi abantu bayabamisa abantu abesilisa abathandanayo ngenxa yengozi yabo ephezulu ye-HIV. Bathi bahlanganyele ekuziphatheni okusemthethweni, noma benza izahlulelo zokuziphatha mayelana nokuthi kusho ukuthini ukuba ngongqingili. Kodwa-ke, i-AIDS akuyona isifo sofuba. Eqinisweni, emhlabeni jikelele, amacala amaningi e-HIV asetshenziselwa ngokocansi asakazwa ngokulala ngokobulili. Pho kungani amadoda angama-gay athola i-HIV? Ososayensi baye balinganisa ukuthi amaphesenti angama-80-90 wegciwane lesandulela ngculazi emadodeni angama-gay ayanyamalala uma izinga lokudlulisa phakathi kokulala komzimba lifana nokufana nobulili bobulili. Ukuhlukaniswa okuhlukumezayo kungaphonsa izinombolo ngamaphesenti angu-20-50. Ukubeka lezo zinto ezimbili ndawonye kungaqeda amaphesenti angama-95 ezandulela igciwane lesandulela ngculazi ebonweni yama-gay. Ngamanye amazwi, akuyona ngokuyinhloko ukuziphatha okubeka amadoda angama-gay engozini ephezulu ye-HIV. Yi-biology.
Ukufinyelela okungeziwe ekunakekelweni kwezempilo okungekho ukwahlulela nakho kuzosiza futhi.Khetha izwe lapho amadoda angama-gay azizwa ephephile ekudaluleni ingozi yabo ngokobulili odokotela bawo. Lokho kungenza umehluko omkhulu. Bangase bahlolwe kaningi. Bese-ke bangaphatha ngokushesha. Kanti ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kunganciphisa ingozi yamadoda ekutheleleni abalingani babo kanye nokuthuthukisa impilo yabo. Ngeshwa, izincomo ze-CDC zokuhlolwa kwe-HIV yonke (wonke umuntu, hhayi nje amadoda angama-gay) azange abe nomthelela omkhulu ngokwanele. Odokotela kanye nemitholampilo embalwa kakhulu bebelokhu belandela imithetho.
Ngenhlanhla, kunezibonakaliso zokuthi izinto zingase zithuthuke. Lapho kudedelwa idatha enamandla ebonisa ukuthi ukunciphisa umthamo wesandulela ngculaza kunciphisa amathuba okudluliswa ngokocansi kwe-HIV, izinqubomgomo zishintshiwe. Amadolobha amakhulu aqala ukukhuthaza ukutholakala kwe-HIV yonke. Basuse imikhawulo ehlobene nokubalwa kwe-CD4 okusho ukuthi abantu abane-HIV kufanele balinde ukuqala ukwelashwa. Lolu shintsho lungaba luhle kakhulu kumabhangqwana we- gay serodiscordant . Ukunciphisa umthamo wegciwane lesandulela ngculazi akuyona nje indlela yokwelapha ephumelela kakhulu. Futhi kusiza ukugcina abalingani babo bezocansi bephephile ekutheleleni. Ukutholakala kwalomphumela, owaziwa ngokuthi " ukwelashwa njengokuvimbela " uyaqhubeka nokubuyisela inqubomgomo ye-HIV e-US Kubuye kushintshe ngendlela odokotela kanye nososayensi abheka ngayo ukuvimbela i-HIV emhlabeni wonke.
> Imithombo:
> I-Beyrer, i-C., i-Baral, i-SD, i-vanGriensven, i-F. Goodreau, i-SM, i-Chariyalerstak, i-S., i-Wirtz, i-A., ne-Brookmeyer, R. (2012) Isifo se-HIV esisodwa kubantu abesilisa nabesilisa. I-Lancet . 380 (9839): 367-377
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi izifo ze-HIV nokusabalala e-United States, ngo 2010-2015. I-HIV Surveillance Report Supplemental Report 2018; 23 (No. 1). http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/library/reports/hiv-surveillance.html. Ishicilelwe ngo-Mashi 2018. Ifinyelele ngomhla ka-Mashi 27, 2018.
> Goldman DP, Juday T, Linthicum MT, Rosenblatt L, Ufuna D. Isifiso sesizukulwane esingenasandulela ngculaza singafinyeleleka uma kwenziwa izinqumo zenqubomgomo efanele. I-Health Aff (i-Millwood). 2014 Mar; 33 (3): 428-33. doi: 10.1377 / hlthaff.2013.1280.
> UKUQALA START Iqembu Lokufunda. Ngiyakuncoma ukutheleleka kwe-Antiretroviral In Early Infection HIV Infection. N Engl J Med. 2015 Aug 27; 373 (9): 795-807. i-doi: 10.1056 / NEJMoa1506816.
> Millett, GA, Peterson, JL, Flores, SA, Hart, TA, Jeffries, WL, Wilson, PA, Rourke, SB, Heilig, CM, Elford, J., Fenton, KA>, & Remis, RS (2012) Ukuqhathaniswa kokungafani kanye nezingozi zokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kumnyama nabanye abesilisa ocansini namadoda eCanada, e-UK nase-USA: ukuhlaziywa kwemeta. I-Lancet . 380 (9839): 341-348