Uzwile le ndaba: Uhlangothi lwesobunxele bobuchopho luyabanda, lubala futhi lusekelwe ekulimeni, kanti ohlangothini olungakwesokudla lobuchopho lubuciko nomzwelo. Kodwa ubuchopho buyinto eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke endaweni yonke. Kuzwakala sengathi noma iyiphi i-dichotomy enjalo kufanele ibe lula kakhulu.
Ngenkathi kunengxabano encane ukuthi iningi labantu, ulimi lulawulwa kakhulu yi-hemisphere yangakwesobunxele, kukhona impikiswano eningi mayelana nokuthi yikuphi ukucindezeleka komzwelo okwehla, noma uma nje kuhlukaniswa ngokulinganayo phakathi kokubili izinhlangothi.
Kungani kufanele kube khona ukuhlukaniswa, emva kwakho konke? Okuthiwa "ama-epicenters of emotion," i-amygdalae, ikhona ezinhlangothini zombili zobuchopho. I-cortex endala yama-limbic, lapho iningi lokusebenza ngokomzwelo libhekiswe ngokomlando, lisakazeka kahle ngendlela efanayo ezinhlangothini zombili eduze kwesikhungo sobuchopho.
Uma umsebenzi wobuchopho uphathwa ngokuphindaphindiwe kwezwe elilodwa kunomunye, lowo msebenzi kuthiwa "wenziwe kamuva" kulowo mbuso. Isibonelo, iningi lethu, ngisho nabashiye-kwesokunxele, ulimi lishiywe kamuva.
Kuvela ukuthi kukhona ubufakazi obuningi obukhomba ukuthi imizwelo inezinto ezithile ezithandwayo kwelinye izwe ngaphezu kwesinye. Ukuthi zisatshalaliswa kanjani, noma kunjalo, kungenye indaba, futhi kunengxabano enkulu yesayensi. Kunamamodeli amaningi kakhulu njengoba kukhona ososayensi abafunda umzwelo. Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi bomzwelo abakholelwa ekutheni "i-lateralization of emotion" bawela emakamu amabili noma amathathu.
I-Hemisphere Hypothesis Eqinisweni
Elinye lamakamu amakhulu libizwa ngokuthi "i-hemisphere hypothesis" eyiqiniso. Lokhu nje kusho ukuthi yonke imizwelo ilawulwa ohlangothini olufanele lobuchopho. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngalokho abacwaningi ababiza ngokuthi "okuyinhloko" imizwelo, ngokuvamile okusho ukulila, injabulo, intukuthelo, ukudekisana nokwesaba.
Imizwelo enjalo iye yahlatshelwa ukuba ikwabelwane hhayi nje kwamasiko ahlukene, kepha ngisho nasezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane. Olunye ulwazi lusekela le nhlobo: i-amygdala elungile ibuye ibe mkhulu kune-amygdala yesokunxele, isibonelo.
Ezinye izinkolelo
Akuwona wonke umuntu okholwa ngemizwelo eyisisekelo, noma kunjalo. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa kunalokho ukuthi imizwelo iqondwa kangcono ngokuzihlukanisa ngemibandela elula njengokuvusa (indlela ukuvuselelwa ngayo imizwelo eyenza wena) kanye ne-valence (indlela enhle noma embi ngayo imizwelo yenza uzizwe). Isibonelo, intukuthelo ingabhekwa njengokuvusa okukhulu, isimo se-valence esincane.
Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi imizwelo ihanjiswa emasimini ahlukene asekelwe ku-valence yawo. I-valence hypothesis iphakamisa ukuthi i-hemisphere efanele ibandakanyeka ekucubunguleni imizwelo ekhonjiswe ukuhoxiswa, njengokwesaba, ukudabuka nokuzihlambalaza, kanye ne-hemisphere yesokunxele ihlanganisa izinqubo ezihlobene nendlela ezifana nenjabulo. Abanye baye baphakamisa ukuthi kulukhuni ngisho nakakhulu kunalokho - ingxenye ye-hemisphere kungenzeka empeleni ihileleke ekuvimbeleni lokho kuziphatha, kanti enye ingxenye iyayichaza. Isibonelo, ngenkathi kuphakanyisiwe ukuthi ukushiya umonakalo we-hemispheric kungabangela ukucindezeleka okuningi ngenxa yokuhlangana kwayo nomoya omuhle ngaphansi kwe-valence hypothesis, umonakalo wokujikeleza okuvimbelayo e-hemisphere engakwesokunxele kungase kukhulise ngokwemvelo imizwelo enhle ngenxa yokunciphisa ukucindezelwa.
Ezinye izifundo ze-electrophysiological and imaging ziye zacacisa ukuthi ukukhuthazwa okungokomzwelo okuhle kusebenze i-anterior yangaphakathi nephakathi kwe-insula, kuyilapho ukuphazamiseka okungokomzwelo okungokomzwelo kwakungaphezulu kwamanye amazwe. Izifundo ze-EEG zibonise ukuthi i-hemisphere engakwesokudla noma kwesokunxele iyasebenza kakhulu ekucutshungulweni kokuhoxiswa noma ekufinyeleleni imizwelo ngokuzethemba. Lezi zinkimbinkimbi ziyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa, njengoba kuvamile iziguli ezinezilonda noma yikuphi ukucindezeleka, futhi lezi zilonda zingathinta futhi amandla omuthi ukubona kanye nokuveza imizwa yabo. Okokugcina, kunomugqa wobufakazi obonisa ukuthi i-hemispheres ilawula ngokuhlukile ukusebenza kwe-autonomic , ngokushiya kwesokunxele ukulawula i-parasympathetic kanye nelungelo lokusebenza okuzwelayo.
Isibonelo, umzimba wobufakazi ubonisa ukuthi ukugubha okuhambisana nokunciphisa izinga lenhliziyo ngokuvamile kuvame ukuvela endaweni efanele. Lokho kuthiwa, ezinye izifundo zithole ukuvuselelwa kokubili kwe-orbitofrontal nezinye izifunda ze-cortical ngenkathi kusetshenzwa imizwa ejabulisayo.
Kodwa enye inkolelo ibonisa ukuthi imizwelo eyinhloko kanye nokubonisa okuhambisanayo kusetshenziselwa i-hemisphere efanele, kanti imizwelo enzima yomphakathi njengokwenza amahloni kucutshungulwa ngakwesobunxele. Le ncazelo isekelwe kakhulu ekubonweni ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-Wada, okuvala okwamanje isigamu sobuchopho phakathi nokuhlolwa kokuhlinzwa. Abacwaningi baphawula ukuthi iziguli ezinjalo zazikwazi ukuchaza okunzima kunemizwa elula lapho ohlangothini olungakwesokudla lobuchopho seluthulile. Abanye, noma kunjalo, abatholanga lo mbono ukuthi ucacile.
> Imithombo
> Murphy GM, Jr., Inger P, Mark K, et al. I-asymmetry ye-volumetric engxenyeni yomuntu we-amygdaloid. Journal fur Hirnforschung 1987; 28: 281-289.
> Ross ED, Monnot M. I-Affics prosody: yini amaphutha okuqondisisa asitshela mayelana ne-hemispheric latalization of imizwelo, ubulili kanye nemiphumela yokuguga, kanye nendima yokuhlolwa kokuqonda. I-Neuropsychologia 2011; 49: 866-877.