Ngisho ngaphandle kwemithi, umkhuhlane uyisifo esikhulu esibulalayo kubantu abadala nabantwana.
Ngisho nangonyaka ongeyena ubhubhane, abantu abaningi bafa ngenxa yemfuluwenza. Abaningi bafa ngenxa yezinkinga ezincane, ezifana ne-pneumonia noma izinkinga zezinkinga ezingelapheki zezokwelapha, kodwa izingane nazo zifa ngenxa yemfuluwenza minyaka yonke. Ukubheka izinombolo eziphelele futhi ikakhulukazi ukuthi zingaki izingane ezibulawa umkhuhlane kungase kube ucingo lwe-up-up lwe-influenza enkulu futhi isidingo sokuthatha izinyathelo zomndeni wakho.
Ochwepheshe abaningi basebenzisa isilinganiso sokufa kwabantu abangama-36,000 minyaka yonke ngonyaka, okuyinto inani elijwayelekile lokufa komkhuhlane obonwa ngonyaka ngonyaka wama-1990. Isibalo esisebenzisa isikhathi eside kakhulu, kufaka phakathi izinkathi zamuva zentsholongwane, kusukela ngo-1976 kuya ku-2007, sithole isilinganiso sezingu-23,607 zokufa.
Kukhona ukuhlukahluka konyaka nonyaka, kanti abantu abangamaphesenti angu-3,349 bafa ngaphansi kwonyaka wezi-1986 kuya ku-7, 7 ku-48,614 ngo-2003-04, okwakubhekwa njengesiqhwaga esinzima.
Ukufa ku-Flu Pandemics
Nakuba abantu abaningi befa esikhathini esijwayelekile somkhuhlane , izinga lokufa olusuka kumkhuhlane lungakhuphuka kakhulu phakathi nesikhuhlane somkhuhlane noma ukuqubuka komkhuhlane emhlabeni jikelele.
Ukufa okukhulayo akusiyo ngoba ukugula kwesifo somkhuhlane kunamandla, kodwa kunalokho ngoba abantu abaningi baningi ngesikhathi begula, njengalawa:
- 1889 Isifo Sokuhlukunyezwa Kwemfucuza YaseRussia: Ku-1 million ukushona komkhuhlane
- I-1918 Isifo Sokukhubazeka KweSpanishi : Ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-40 kuya ku-50, kuhlanganise nabangu-675,000 e-United States. Ukhuhlane luphethwe ngaphezu kwesigamu sezwe labantu ngokuphela kwesifo.
- 1957 Ukuhlukunyezwa Kwamafuba ase-Asia: Ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1, kuhlanganise nabangu-69 800 e-United States
- U-1968 I-Hong Kong Flu Pandemic: Kusukela ku-1 kuya kwezingu-3 wezigidi zabantu abafayo
- U-H1N1 Umkhuhlane Wegazi: Phakathi kwabantu abangu-8 870 no-18,300 e-United States kanye nokufa kwabangu-203,000 emhlabeni wonke
I-H1N1 yindlala yengozi ye-2009 eyayiyindlala yokuqala eyayikutholakala kuyo imithi enkulu yokugoma, nakuba kwafika njengamacala ayevele ehamba e-United States.
Ukutholakala okunomkhawulo wokugoma komkhuhlane nakho kutholakala ngesikhathi sobhubhiso ka-1968, kodwa ngesikhathi sitholakala, amacala asevele evelele.
Ukufa Kwezinsana Zengane
Njengoba abantu abaningi bathanda ukucabanga ukuthi umkhuhlane uyisifo esibuhlungu, awukwazi ukubaleka ukuthi izingane eziningi zifa ngenxa yempukane ngonyaka.
Ngokungafani nokufa komkhuhlane kubantu abadala, okulinganiselwa nje, sisazi kahle ukuthi zingaki izingane ezifa ngenxa yesifo somkhuhlane unyaka ngamunye njengoba sekuye kwaba yisimo sezwe esingaziwa kusukela ngo-2004:
- 2003-04 Inkathi yempukane: 152 isifo sofuba sabantwana
- 2004-05 Inkathi yempuphu: izingane ezingu-39 zokufa komkhuhlane wabantwana
- Isikhathi sonyaka ka-2005-06 sempukane: izifo ezingama-41 zokufa komkhuhlane wabantwana
- Ngonyaka ka-2006-07 umkhuhlane: izifo ezingama-68 zokufa komkhuhlane wabantwana
- 2007-08 Umkhuhlane wonyaka: 88 ukufelwa kwabantwana besifo somkhuhlane
- Ngonyaka ka-2008-09 umkhuhlane wonyaka: 133 ukufelwa kwabantwana besifo somkhuhlane
- Isikhathi sonyaka ka-2009-10 wezimpukane: 282 isifo somkhuhlane wabantwana
(ingulube yesifo sengulube) - U-2010-11 umkhuhlane wonyaka: 123 ukufa komkhuhlane wabantwana
- Isikhathi sonyaka ka-2011-12 sempukane: 37 ukushona kwengane yabantwana
- Isikhathi sonyaka ka-2012-13 sempukane: 171 isifo somkhuhlane wabantwana
- 2013-14 Umkhuhlane wonyaka: 111 Ukugula komkhuhlane wabantwana
- 2014-15 umkhuhlane wenkathi: 148 isifo somkhuhlane wabantwana
- 2015-16 Umkhuhlane wonyaka: 85 ukushona kwengane kubantwana
- Isikhathi sonyaka wezi-2016-17: Umkhuhlane wezingane ezingama-77 ufa ngo-Ephreli 15.
Futhi lezi akuzona zonke izingane ezinengcupheni yezifo, njenge- asthma , isifo sikashukela, noma esinye isimo esingelapheki sezokwelapha.
Imibiko ibonise ukuthi cishe ingxenye yezingane ezifa ngenxa yempukane ngonyaka azikho izici eziphakeme ezibeka ingozi ezibhekene nezifo zengculaza .
Indlela Yokuvimbela Imfucuza Yokufa
Yiqiniso, indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukushona komkhuhlane ukugwema ukugula ngesifo somkhuhlane kuqala. I-CDC itusa izinyathelo ezintathu okufanele zizithathele ukuvimbela ukuthonya umkhuhlane nokunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga ezinkulu futhi usakaze umkhuhlane uma uthola.
- Thola umuthi wokugoma waminyaka yonke. Isivikelo esilula kunazo zonke, esilungele ukwanda komkhuhlane ngumuthi wokugoma waminyaka yonke, okungenzeka ukuthi indlela yakho engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukushona komkhuhlane. Ngokujwayelekile, amaphesenti angama-80 kuya kwangu-90 ebantfwana abafa ngenxa yemfuluwenza awazange agonywe ngokugcwele. Wonke umuntu oneminyaka engu-6 ubudala noma ngaphezulu kufanele athole umuthi wokugoma ophefumulayo ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, uma kungenzeka, ngokwe-CDC. Izingane ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha zincane kakhulu ukuthi zingagonywa kodwa zisengozini enkulu. Kubalulekile ukuthi umndeni wabo kanye nabanakekeli bathole igciwane, ngakho-ke abafaki abantwana abanomkhuhlane.
- Imikhuba emihle yezempilo ingasiza ekunqandeni ukusabalala kwamagciwane amagciwane. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlala kude nabantu abagulayo. Uma ugula, hlala ekhaya, ngakho-ke awusakazeli lezi zigciwane eziyingozi. Vala umlomo wakho nekhala uma ukhwehlela noma uphazamisa. Geza izandla zakho njalo njengoba lokho kuzosusa amagciwane. Gwema ukuthinta amehlo akho, impumulo nomlomo. Hlanza futhi uchithe i-disinfect ezindaweni abantu abazithinta ngaso sonke isikhathi. Gcina impilo yakho jikelele ngokuhle ngokudla ukudla okunomsoco, uhlale kahle, ulale ngokwanele, futhi usebenze ngokomzimba.
- Uma uthola umkhuhlane, udokotela wakho angase anikeze izidakamizwa ze-antiviral, Lokhu kungenza ukugula kube nzima futhi izinsuku ezimbalwa zokugcina. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izinkinga ezinkulu nokufa ngenxa yempukane. Uma wena noma ingane yakho unesifo se-flu, bheka udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
> Imithombo
> CDC. Kulinganiselwa Ukushona Okuhlobene Ne-Influenza Yonyaka - i-United States, 1976--2007. I-MMWR. Agasti 27, 2010/59 (33); 1057-1062.
> CDC ithi "Thatha ama-3" Izenzo Zokulwa Nomkhuhlane. I-CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/preventing.htm.
> Umlando weziFlu Pandemics. UMnyango WezeMpilo wase-US kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu. http://www.flu.gov/individualfamily/about/pandemic/history.html.
> Umkhuhlane (Umkhuhlane) Imibiko Evelayo Yamaviki Odlule. I-CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/pastreports.htm.
> Simonsen, Lone. Ukulingwa Kwemvelo Emhlabeni Wonke We-Influenza Pandemic ka-2009 kusukela kuhlelo lwe-GLaMOR: Isifundo se-Modeling. I-PLOS Medicine.Ishicilelwe: Nov 26, 2013.