I-Alopecia Areata yinkinga yokulahlekelwa izinwele evezwe ngokusheshiswa kokushaya izinwele ngokushesha endaweni echazwe ngokucacile. Noma yikuphi ukuphakama kwezinwele kungathinteka, kodwa indawo ebonakalayo iyisikali. Isizathu sokuthi i-alopecia isata iyaziwa ngokuphelele. Kwezinye izimo, ihlotshaniswa nezinye izifo, kodwa isikhathi esiningi asikho. Ukucwaninga kuqhubeka ukuthola ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwalesi sifo esishaywa isikhathi esithile.
Izimbangela ze-Alopecia Areata
Kunezizathu eziningi ezihlukahlukene zokuthi kungani kubangelwa i-alopecia areata. Izakhi zofuzo zibonakala zidlala indima ebalulekile ngoba kukhona imvamisa ephakeme yomlando womndeni we-alopecia areata kubantu abathintekayo. I-Alopecia areata ibonakala ibuye ibe ne-autoimmune factor eyenza isiguli sikhule ama-antibodies ezinhlobonhlobo zezinwele zezinwele . Amakhemikhali athile ayingxenye yamasosha omzimba okuthiwa ama-cytokines angadlala indima ye-alopecia areata ngokuvimbela izinwele zezinwele ezikhula. Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo kungabangela i-alopecia areata.
Ukulahlekelwa izinwele kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi izinwele zezinwele endaweni eqondayo zonke zifaka i-telogen noma i-catagen yesigaba sokukhula kwezinwele. Esikhathini sesigaba se-catagen u- follicle wezinwele uyeka ukukhula futhi esiteji se-telogen uyawa. Ngokuvamile izinwele zihamba lezi zigaba ngezikhathi ezithile futhi izinwele ezikhulayo kuzo zonke ezinye ikhanda ziba ngaphezu kwezinwele eziwela phansi.
E-alopecia areata, into eyenza zonke izinwele endaweni ethile ukungena kwi-telogen noma catagen esiteji ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Ukubonakala kwe-Alopecia Areata
I-patch yesici se-alopecia isata ivame ukujikeleza noma i-oval futhi i-bald ngokuphelele futhi ibushelelezi. Izinwele ze-"Exclamation mark" zingabonakala emkhawulweni we-patch.
Lawa aphukile, izinwele ezimfushane ezithinta phansi. Ukudonsa kancane kulezi zinwele kubangela ukuba baphume. Abanye abantu bangase babe nokushisa okuncane noma ukushaywa phansi endaweni yokulahlekelwa izinwele.
Ukubikezelwa kwe-Alopecia Areata
Intuthuko ye-alopecia areata ayinakulinganiswa. Abanye abantu balahlekelwa izinwele endaweni encane kuphela. Abanye bangabandakanyeka kakhulu. I-Alopecia totalis ilahlekelwa yizinwele eziyi-100% ze-scalp. I-Alopecia universalis ilahlekelwa yizinwele zomzimba ezingu-100%. Lezi zimo ezimbili zokugcina azivamile. Eziningi zeziguli, izinwele zizobuyela emuva ngokuphelele kungakapheli unyaka owodwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa.
Ezinye izimo zokulahlekelwa kwezinwele
Ezinye izifo ezingase ziphuthelwe nge-alopecia areata zifaka:
- I-Telogen effluvium - ukulahleka kwezinwele ezivamile okubangelwa ukukhulelwa, izidakamizwa ezithile, umkhuhlane omkhulu, noma ukucindezeleka.
- Androgenic alopecia - eyaziwa nangokuthi i-baldness yesilisa.
- I-Trichotillomania - ngokudonsa ngesandla izinwele ngenxa yokugula kwengqondo.
- I-syphilis yesibili - ebangela iphethini "lokudliwa kwebhokisi" iphethini phezu kwesikhumba sonke.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Alopecia Areata
Kunezinketho eziningi zokwelashwa ezihlukile ze-alopecia areata. Okuvamile kunazo zonke. Uma isikhumba sokulahleka kwezinwele sincane, kunengqondo ukuyibuka futhi sivumele izinwele ukuba zibuyiselwe yedwa.
Enye indlela yokusebenzisa i-steroid eqinile ye-topical ezifana ne-Diprolene noma i-Temovate ku-patch. Kungathatha izinyanga ezimbalwa izinwele ukuba zikhule emuva ngokusebenzisa le ndlela. Enye indlela yokwelashwa evamile iyisitoli steroid , njenge-Celestone esikhumbeni se-scalp esithintekayo. Ukubuyiselwa kwezinwele kokuqala kungabonakala emasontweni angu-4-8 kanti ukwelashwa kuphindwa njalo njalo emavikini angu-4-6. Umthelela ohlangothini oluyinhloko kusuka kunoma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa kwe-steroid kuyinciphisa isikhumba.
I-Minoxidil isetshenziselwe ukukhuthaza izinwele ukukhula futhi ibonise imiphumela yokwamukeleka ngokwemvelo kumacala angu-30%. I-Minoxidil ayivimbeli inqubo yesifo sokuyeka izinhlelo ngemuva kokuba izinwele ziqale ukukhula zingabangela izinwele ukuba ziphinde ziphinde zivele.
Olunye uhlobo lwezokwelapha lenzelwe ukukhiqiza i-dermatitis yokuxhumana, noma ukucasuka, kusayithi elibonakala likhuthaza ukukhula kwezinwele. I-irritant evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ibizwa ngokuthi i-anthralin. Okunye ucwaningo olubonisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa i-minoxidil ne-anthralin inhlanganisela kungase kuphumelele nakakhulu.
Okokugcina, njengesilinganiso lapho "zonke ezinye zihluleka," i-PUVA ingasetshenziswa njengokwelapha. I-PUVA ibizwa nangokuthi i-photochemotherapy. Kuhilela ukuthatha uhlobo lwezidakamizwa okuthiwa i-psoralens (P) cishe amahora angu-2 ngaphambi kokuchazwa okulinganiselwe ukukhanya kwe-long-wave ultraviolet (UVA). Lokhu ukwelashwa kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ezimweni ezinzima ze-psoriasis. Ukuqaliswa kwezinwele zokubuyela emuva kungathatha ukwelashwa kuka-40-80 futhi kuqedele ukubuyela emuva kuze kube yiminyaka engu-1 kuya kwengu-2.