Izimpawu, Izingozi Zengozi, Nokuxilongwa Kwe-CTE
Kukhona ukuqwashisa okukhulayo phakathi odokotela ukuthi izinkinga ezitholakale ngemuva kokulimala kwekhanda azixazululanga ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokushesha. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngokukhethekile kubantu abanokulimala okuningi kwekhanda, ikakhulukazi abagijimi ezemidlalo yokuxhumana nabasebenzi bezempi.
Ukulimala Kwekhanda Okuholela ku-CTE
Akukho ukulimala okukhulu kwekhanda okudingekayo. Ukulimala okubuhlungu kokwehla kwengqondo (mTBI) noma ngisho nokulimala okungencane kwamakhanda kungasiza.
Ngemuva kokuncintisana, abanye abantu bahlushwa yi- post-concussive syndrome (PCS) yezinyosi , ukukhanda ikhanda nokudideka. Kodwa i-CTE ingaphezu kwenkathi ende yesikhashana se-post-concussive syndrome-kwenzeka eminyakeni eminingi, ngokungafani ne-PCS, evame ukufika ngokushesha kakhulu ngemva kokulimala kwekhanda.
Ezinye izingozi ze-CTE
Yize i-CTE ihluke kakhulu kwesifo se-Alzheimer ngezindlela eziningi, ingahle ihlanganyele isici sezakhi zofuzo. I-ApoE4 yiyona nto eyaziwa kakhulu engozini yesifo sofuzo se-Alzheimer's late-late. Abantu abanezimo ze-ApoE4 zenzeke futhi baye baboniswa ukuthi banezikhathi ezilula zokuphumula kusukela ekulimaweni kwentloko, kanye nokulahleka okukhulu ngemuva kokulimala komuntu oyedwa. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifundo ziphakamisa ukuthi akukho ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-CTE ne-ApoE4. Ucwaningo olungaphezulu kulolu xhumano oludingekayo luyadingeka.
Abesifazane babonakala belulame isikhathi esiningi kusuka ezingxenyeni kunamadoda, kodwa aziwa ukuthi lokhu kuholela engozini ehlukile yokuthuthukisa i-CTE.
Ubuchopho obuningi obufundwe ne-CTE babesilisa ngenxa yobuningi bezinsizwa zokuxhumana noma abasebenzi bezempi. Izinguquko zobuchopho ezihlobene ne-CTE zitholakale ngisho nakubantu abancane kakhulu abanezinkinga eziningi zekhanda, kodwa izinguquko zibuhlungu kakhulu ngobudala.
Ukuxilongwa
I-encephalopathy engavamile engapheliyo (CTE) ingatholakala kuphela nge-autopsy.
Amaprotheni athile, njenge- tau ne-TDP-43, aqoqa ebuchosheni. Lokhu kuhlukile kwesifo se-Alzheimer, esibonisa amaphahla e-beta-amyloid , okukhona ngaphansi kwengxenye yamacala nge-CTE. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinguquko zokuqala zivame kakhulu emifuleni yegazi.
Naphezu kwesidingo sokugcina sokuqinisekisa ngokuzenzekelayo, kunezibonakaliso ezibonisa kakhulu i-CTE, kufaka phakathi okulandelayo:
- ukukhubazeka kwememori
- kunciphisa ikhono lokwenza izinqumo
- isinqumo esibi
- ukunganakwa
- ukulawulwa kokucindezeleka okungalungile
- ukuhlukunyezwa
- ukucindezeleka nokuzibulala
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezibonakaliso ezithile ze-CTE ezingase zikhona, kufaka phakathi:
- ubunzima ngokulinganisela nokuhamba
- Incishisiwe, inkulumo ehlisiwe
- I-Parkinsonism (ukuthuthumela, ukuqina, nokuhamba kancane)
Kukhona futhi i-subset encane yeziguli ezine-CTE ezine-encephalomyelopathy engapheliyo (CTEM). Lesi sifo silinganisa izimpawu zesifo sikaLou Gehrig (ALS) , ngokubuthakathaka kwemisipha nokubhujiswa, ubunzima bokugwinya, nokuziphendulela okungenamandla.
Kamuva ku-CTE, iziguli zizohlushwa yi-dementia. Esikhundleni sokugula kwesifo se-Alzheimer, izimpawu zesifo esiyingozi esingapheliyo kufana nokufana nokuziphatha komqondo we-frontotemporal (bvFTD).
Kodwa-ke, i-CTE ivame ukufika kancane ngaphambi kwe-bvFTD, ephakathi kweminyaka engama-30 kuya ku-50 kunokuba ibe neminyaka engu-45 kuya kwengu-65 ubudala. Ukuhlukahluka kokuziphatha komqondo kwangaphambili kwe-frontotemporal kuhlose ukuqhubekela phambili ngokushesha kune-CTE, futhi kaningi kunesici sezakhi zofuzo okungeyona i-CTE.
Imiphumela kwi-Brain
Kuncishiswe ubuchopho nokunciphisa i-corpus callosum, ehlanganisa izimpikiswano ezimbili zobuchopho.
Kukhona ne-atrophy ejwayelekile ye-lobes yangaphambili ku-CTE. I-lobes yangaphambili ilawula ikhono lethu lokwenza izinqumo ezinhle kanye nokuhlela, kanye nokusivumela ukuba sithole izinkumbulo.
Ezinye izindawo ezithintekile zobuchopho zihlanganisa izidumbu ezinamakhompiyutha kanye ne-hippocampus, ezibandakanya inkumbulo, kanye ne-substantia nigra, ehilelekile ekunyakeni.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-CTE
Nakuba ukuqaphela umphakathi nge-CTE sekukhule ngokushesha, isayensi ngokuvamile ihamba kancane ukuthuthukisa izivivinyo ezicacile kule nkinga. I- MRI ingasiza ekulawuleni ezinye izifo, futhi ingabonisa ukuchithwa okungavamile kwe-amygdala, engase iphakamise i-CTE njengendlela yokuxilongwa. Amanye amasu okuhlola afana ne- MRI asebenzayo nawo ahlolwa.
I-CTE Treatment
Akukho ukwelashwa okutholakala ku-CTE uma sekuthuthukisiwe. Njengoba ngokuvamile kunjalo, ukuvimbela kungumuthi omuhle kakhulu.
Ukuvimbela Kuyinhloko
Isidingo sesimiso esiphephile ezemidlalo nokuphila konke kuqhubeka kugcizelele. Abagijimi kudingeka bakhuthazwe ukuba babike uma bebhekene nemiphumela yokulimala kwekhanda, futhi balandele imihlahlandlela yokubuyela emuva ukudlala ngemuva kokulimala okunjalo. Kubuye kube nendima yabaqeqeshi ukufundisa abadlali babo amasu afanele wokuvikelwa komuntu siqu. Kuhle ukudlala kanzima, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukudlala okuphephile.
> Imithombo:
> Baugh, CM, et al. (2012). Ukuphelelwa yisifo esibuhlungu esingapheliyo: ukuguqulwa kwesimo sezulu ngokulandela ukuphinda nokuphefumula okuphindaphindiwe nokunciphisa ubuchopho. Ukucabanga Kwesibindi Nokuziphatha, 6 (2): 244-54.
> Saulle, M., & Greenwald, BD (2012). Ukucindezeleka okungapheliyo okubuhlungu: ukubuyekezwa. Ukucwaninga Nokuvuselela Ukuvuselelwa, 816069. Epub 2012 Apr 10.
> Shively, S., Scher, AI, Perl, DP, & Diaz-Arrastia, R. (2012). I-Dementia etholakala ebuchosheni obunzima bokulimala: Iyini i-Pathology? I-Archives ye-Neurology, Jul 9: 1-7.