Ukudluliselwa kwe-Chromosome ku-Leukemia ne-Lymphomas
Sibutsetelo
Ukuthuthwa kohlobo luhlobo lokushintsha okungavamile kwisakhiwo se-chromosome esenzeka lapho ingxenye ye-chromosome eyodwa iphela futhi inamathela kwenye i-chromosome. Lezi "zinguquko" ziyimbangela ebalulekile yezinhlobo eziningi ze- lymphomas nama-leukemi .
Isikhathi
Ama-chromosomes ethu agcina yonke imininingwane yofuzo esiyizuza kubazali bethu. Sinezigcawu ezingu-23 zama-chromosomes - isethi esingu-1 esivela kumama wethu kanye nesethi engu-1 evela kobaba - ngokugcwele ama-chromosomes angu-46 kubo bonke.
Ku-chromosome ngayinye kunamakhulu wezakhi zofuzo ezithinta konke okuvela embala wamehlo ethu kuya kuma-protein alawula ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli emzimbeni wethu.
Lapho amangqamuzana ethu ehlukana, ikhophi ephindaphindiwe ye-chromosomes yethu yenziwa. Ngezinye izikhathi le nqubo ihamba kahle, futhi ingxenye yechungechunge eyodwa ye-chromosome ingagcina ifakwe kwenye i-chromosome.
Uma sikhuluma ngezinguquko zofuzo emdlalweni, kungase kudideke kakhulu, ngakho-ke sifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlukana okulodwa kucacile ngokushesha. Ezinye izinguquko zezakhi zofuzo zibizwa ngokuthi yi-germ line mutations , uhlobo lwezinguquko noma ezinye izinguquko zofuzo ozenzayo kusukela ekuzalweni, kepha izinguquko eziningi zofuzo ozothola mayelana nazo zitholakele noma zinguquko ezishintshayo - izinguquko kanye nezinguquko zofuzo ezenzeka emzimbeni wakho emva ukuzalwa futhi kamuva ekuphileni.
Izinhlobo
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-translocation.
- Ukushintshwa okulinganiselayo - Ekuhambiseni okulinganiselayo, izingxenye ezilinganayo zama-chromosomes amabili zishintshaniswa, ngakho-ke akukho ulwazi oluthe xaxa noma olulahlekile lwe-genetic.
- Ukuthuthwa okungalingani kahle - Ekuthumeni okungalinganiselwe, ukushintshaniswa kuhilela izingxenye ezingalingani ze-chromosome futhi kuholela ezakhiweni ezengeziwe noma ezingekho.
Ukudluliselwa kwemininingwane kuboniswa usebenzisa icala eliphansi "t" nama-chromosomes amabili abandakanyekayo kubakaki. Isibonelo, ukudluliselwa phakathi kwe-chromosomes 9 ne-chromosome 22 kuzoboniswa ngu-t (9; 22).
Ukusebenzisana Ne-Cancer
Ukudluliselwa komzimba uhlobo lokulimala okungokwemvelo okungase kubangele ukuthi isakhi sofuzo esivamile sibe isakhi sofuba somdlavuza. Ososayensi abazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela ukuthi lezi zinguquko zenzeke, kodwa ezinye izinto eziyingozi zokuthuthukiswa kwama-lymphomas nama-leukemia ziyaziwa, kanti nokunye ukuchayeka kwemvelo kungahle kuhileleke ekulimaleni kofuzo. Lezi zinguquko zingase zenzeke uma i-DNA emangqamuzaneni ethu ibonakaliswe yi-toxin noma ukutheleleka ngegciwane. Noma kunjalo, zingase zenzeke ngenxa ye "iphutha" enqubo evamile yokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli, futhi. Njengoba amangqamuzana ethu ehlukana phakathi nesikhathi sethu sokuphila, ithuba lokuthi "iphutha" ekuhlukaneni lizokwenyusa ukuthi sikhulile. Lokhu kucatshangwa ukuthi yisinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani ama-cancer amaningi ejwayelekile kulabo abadala asebadala.
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ukudluliselwa kwezinto kuthinta kanjani ingozi yomdlavuza kungasiza ekuqondeni kancane ngokuthi izinguquko zofuzo kanye nokuguqulwa komzimba kubangelwa kanjani umdlavuza . Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukudluliselwa kungase kusebenze ngokuvula ama-oncogenes (izakhi zofuzo ezibangelwa umdlavuza), noma ngokuguqula izakhi zofuzo zokuphefumula ezikhundleni. Izakhi zofuzo zokudambisa izitho zofuzo zisiza ukulawula izinyathelo zamaselula ukuthi, uma zingekho ekulawuleni, zingaholela emdlalweni; basuke benza njengendlela yokuqhaqhazela emotweni, kuyilapho ama-oncogenes enza okufana ne-accelerator enamathela endaweni.
Ngokuyinhloko, ukudluliselwa okubangelwa ama-leukemia kanye nama-lymphomas kungenxa yokuthola izinguquko ku-DNA, kodwa lokhu akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngokuvamile inhlanganisela yezinguquko zofuzo kunomunye noma amabili oholela emdlalweni, kanti kwezinye izimo, ezinye zalezi zinguquko zingenzeka ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Ngokwesibonelo, kwezinye izingane ezine-leukemia eziyingozi kakhulu, inguquko yokuqala yezakhi zofuzo ingase ivele lapho umntwana esesesibelethweni.
Ama-Cancers egazi (ama-Leukemi ne-Lymphomas)
Ukudluliselwa kwe-Chromosomal kudlala indima enkulu emaqenjini egazi. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukuthuthwa kwempahla kukhona kuma- 90% we-lymphomas nama- 50% wama-leukemi.
Amanye ama-translocations ahilelekile kuma-khansa egazi ahlanganisa:
- t (8; 21) - I-leukemia elula ye-myeloblastic ne-maturation
- t (9; 22), wazi ukuthi "i-Philadelphia Chromosome" - I-lemonem ye-myelogenous (CML) ne- Acute lymphocytic leukemia (YONKE)
- t (15; 17) - I- acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)
- t (12; 15), t (1; 12) - I-leukemia e-myelogenous acute (AML)
- t (2; 5) - Anaplastic cell cell lymphoma
- t (8; 14) - i -lymphoma yeBurkitt
- t (11; 14) - i- Mantle cell lymphoma
- t (14; 18) - i- lymphoma ye-Follicular
Izwi elivela
Odokotela bathola ukudluliselwa kwe-chromosome lapho benza ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi ze-biopsy. Ukuthola okunjalo ngokuvamile akusize nje ukukhomba lesi sifo, kodwa futhi ukuhlela ukwelapha nokubikezela imiphumela yokwelapha. Okunye ukudluliselwa, ngokwesibonelo, kungabonakalisa izifo ezingaphenduli noma ezingaphenduli kakhulu kumakhemikhali. Noma kunjalo, umuntu ngamunye uhlukile, futhi ngisho nabantu ababili abane-translocation efanayo bangaba nemiphumela ehluke kakhulu.
Imithombo:
I-American Cancer Society. Siyazi ukuthi yini ebangela i-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma? Kubuyekezwe 01/22/16. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/non-hodgkinlymphoma/detailedguide/non-hodgkin-lymphoma-whatcacauses
I-National Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa Okumangalisayo Kwama-Lymphoblastic Leukemia - I-Health Professional Version (PDQ). Kubuyekezwe ngo-12/10/15. http://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/child-all-treatment-pdq#link/_67_toc
UNambiar, M., no-S. Raghavan. I-DNA ihlukana kanjani ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa kwe-chromosomal? Ucwaningo lwe-Nucleic Acid . 2011. 39 (14): 5813-5825.