Ukucubungula Kungase Kungabi Isibonakaliso Esihle Sengozi
Ukuqwashisa kuye kwanda ngengozi engase ibe yinkimbinkimbi ye- encephalopathy engapheli (CTE), ukugula okungapheli kwengqondo. I-CTE ibonakala okungenani ingxenye ebangelwa yizinhlobo ezahlukene zokulimala kwekhanda okuphindaphindiwe. Ukulimala okuphindaphindiwe kungabangelwa inkonzo yezempi noma kusukela emidlalweni yokuxhumana, njengebhola laseMelika.
Kukhona okuningi abacwaningi abangaqondanga izimbangela eziqondile ze-CTE, kanye nezici ezithile ezibeka abantu engozini kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, kukhona ukuvumelana okukhulayo ukuthi ngisho nokulimala okuncane kakhulu okubangelwa ukulimala okuqala okubangelwa izimpawu ezincane kungase kube umonakalo.
Ama-syndromes wezokwelapha aphumela ku-Head Trauma
Ukuze uqonde indima yokulimala kwekhanda okuphindaphindiwe ngokubangela i-CTE, kungaba usizo ukuhlukanisa ukuhlukana okuhlukile nokuhlukana kokulimala. Lokhu kufaka:
- Ukulimala Okubuhlungu Kobunzima
- Ingxoxo
- I-Post-Concussion Syndrome
- I-subconcussion (ebizwa nangokulimala kwe-subconcussive)
- Encephalopathy engapheliyo
Lawa ma-syndromes ahlobene, futhi kwezinye izimo angase ahambe. Kodwa-ke, zingase zibandakanye nezinqubo ezihlukene zomzimba ebuchosheni.
Kuyini Ukulimala Kwebhondi Ebuhlungu?
Ukulimala kwengqondo ebuhlungu ( TBI ) kubhekisela kuhlobo lokulimala kwengqondo olwenzeka ngenxa yokwehlukana, ukushaya, noma ukulimala ngokomzimba. Umonakalo ungenziwa ngokuthinta ngokuqondile izicubu zobuchopho (njengokungathi ukulimala okubuhlungu kwengqondo ebuhlungu) noma ngokungaqondile, njengoba ubuchopho buzama ukungena ngaphakathi kwekhanda.
Kusho ukuthi ukulimala kubangelwa uhlobo oluthile lwamandla angaphandle (uma kuqhathaniswa nenkinga yezokwelapha njenge- stroke ).
I-TBI ivela enhlobonhlobo yobunzima, kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izingxenye zobuchopho obonakalisiwe nokuthi umonakalo omkhulu kangakanani. Okubi kakhulu kwalezi zinhlobo zokulimala kungaholela ekulimaleni okuhlala njalo noma ngisho nasekufeni.
Kodwa ngisho ne-TBI elula ingabangela izinkinga, kokubili esikhathini esifushane nasesikhathini eside. Eminyakeni yamuva, abacwaningi bebelokhu befunda kabanzi mayelana nemiphumela yesikhathi eside kwabanye abantu abahlangabezana ne-TBIs ephindaphindiwe.
Abacwaningi basafunda okuningi ngalokho okwenzeka ebuchosheni ezinsukwini, emasontweni, nasezinyangeni emva kwe-TBI. Nakuba kwezinye izimo ubuchopho bungabuyela esimweni esivamile, kwezinye izimo kungase kube nezinguquko zesikhathi eside ebuchosheni, ikakhulukazi kubantu abavame ukulimala ngokuphindaphindiwe.
Kuyini Ingxabano?
Ukucubungula kungacatshangelwa uhlobo oluthile lwe-TBI. Izimpawu zengxabano zivame ukubonakala ngemuva kokulimala noma kungakapheli amahora ambalwa. Azikho izincazelo zomhlaba wonke ukuthi yikuphi ukuphikisana, kodwa ezinye izibonakaliso zokungqubuzana zihlanganisa:
- Izinwele
- Isizungu
- Ukuphazamiseka kokulinganisela
- Ukukhathazeka
- Ukulala
- Ukubunzima ukugxila noma ukukhumbula
Ukulahlekelwa yocwaningo ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka ngokuncintisana, kodwa akuvamile. Ukucubungula kutholakala ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zomuntu nomlando wokulimala. Isikhathi esiningi izimpawu zokuncintisana azihlali isikhathi esingaphezulu kweviki kuya kwezinsuku ezingu-10 (nakuba lokhu kungase kube isikhathi eside ezinganeni nasebancane).
Kuyini i-Post-Concussive Syndrome
Inani elithile labantu ababenomncintiswano baqhubeka bezwa uhlobo oluthile lwezimpawu.
Esikhundleni sokuhamba, izimpawu ziyaqhubeka ngemva kokulimala kokuqala. Lezi zingaphikelela ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngisho nangezinye izikhathi zonyaka noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i- post-concussive syndrome . Abantu abanjalo kungenzeka baqhubeka nezimpawu ekungxenyeni kwabo, futhi bangase babone izimpawu ezengeziwe ezifana nokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-post-concussive syndrome kuyinkinga ethile-abacwaningi abasasazama ukuyiqonda. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-post-concussive syndrome ihlukile ku-CTE. E-post-concussive syndrome, izimpawu zokuncintisana ziqhubeka amasonto amaningana noma ngaphezulu.
Lokhu kuqhathanisa ne-CTE, lapho izimpawu zingabonakali iminyaka eminingana. Ngalesi sikhathi akucaci ukuthi ubuhlobo buyini (uma ikhona) phakathi kwe-post-concussive syndrome nokuthuthukiswa okuzayo kwe-CTE.
Kuyini ukuxoxisana?
Ngezinye izikhathi ubuchopho bunobungozi obuthakathaka kodwa akubonakali izimpawu zokucabangela ezibonakala kalula. Lokhu kungenziwa ngezigaba njengento ebizwa ngokuthi "i-subconcussion." Ukulimala okunjalo akuhlangabezani nemigomo yokuthola ukuxilongwa kwengxabano. Umuntu angase abe nezimpawu zesikhashana eyodwa noma ezimbili, noma azikho izimpawu nhlobo. Kodwa-ke, ubufakazi be-laboratory kanye nokutholwa kwe-neuroimaging okuphambili okutholakele kubonisa ukuthi kwezinye izimo ubuchopho bungase buhlupheke ngokomzimba ngokomzimba (kanye nokulimala okungase kube yesikhathi eside) kodwa ngaphandle kwezinkomba noma izimpawu ngokushesha. Ukulimala okunjalo kungalimaza ubuchopho ikakhulu uma kwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kokubili ukucubungula nokuxubana kungenziwa emidlalo eminingi nangaphandle kwezemidlalo yezemidlalo. Kodwa-ke, ibhola laseMelika linenani elikhulu kakhulu futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuye kwaba umthombo othile wokuhlolisisa. Ukulimala kwe-subconcussive, ikakhulukazi, kungase kwenzeke kakhulu emidlalweni yokuxhumana noma yokushayisana. Enye yezinto ezikhathazayo mayelana ne-subconcussion yukuthi ukulimala okunjalo ngokuvamile akusho ukuthi kususwe ekudlaleni umdlalo.
Iyini i-CTE?
I-CTE yisimo esibangela ukulimala noma ukufa kwezinye izingxenye zobuchopho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Iholela ezimpawu ezifana
- Ukukhubazeka kwememori
- Isinqumo esibi
- Ukulawulwa kokucindezela okungalungile
- Incishisiwe, inkulumo ehlisiwe
- I-Parkinsonism (ebangela ukuthuthumela, ukuqina, nokuhamba kancane)
- Ukucindezeleka (futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuzibulala)
- I-Dementia (kamuva esesifo)
Izimbangela ze-CTE aziqondi kahle. Kodwa ukulimala kwentloko okuphindaphindiwe kucatshangwa ukuthi kuyadlala indima. Okuncane kakhulu, amaprotheni athile aqala ukuqoqa ngendlela engavamile ebuchosheni (njenge-tau ne-TDP-43). Okwamanje, akukho ukuhlolwa okungasetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-CTE kubantu abaphilayo. Kungatholakala kuphela ngokuhlola ubuchopho ngemva kokufa.
Ngokuphawulekayo, izimpawu ze-CTE zivele eminyakeni ngemuva kokuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba, isibonelo, kuma-soccer abadlali asempesheni. Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu obhekana nemithonya ephindaphindiwe yekhanda kubonakala sengathi uthola i-CTE.
Ingabe Ingqungquthela Umhlahlandlela Omuhle We-CTE Risk?
Njengamanje, imihlahlandlela yezemidlalo ibeka ukugcizelela okukhulu kunokwakheka kwamakhonsathi. Isibonelo, i-National Football League isungule i-protocol-post-protocol yokusiza ukuthola ukuthi abadlali bayavunyelwa yini ukubuyela emdlalweni. Abadlali abathintekayo abanomncintiswano basuswa ekudlaleni umdlalo ngosuku. Lokhu kubalulekile ekutheni ululame kahle kusuka ezimpawu zokungqubuzana.
Noma kunjalo, akucaci ukuthi izinyathelo zokuzivikela ezinjalo zivikela abadlali ngokufanele. Kunobufakazi bokuthi ukuphindaphinda, ukuxoshwa kwamakhondomu (okungabangela ukususwa emidlalweni) kungabangela ingozi ye-CTE esikhathini eside.
Isibonelo, isifundo se-2018 eshicilelwe kumagazini wezemfundo uBrain wafunda ukuxhumana phakathi kwezimpawu ezingaphansi kwe-subconcussion ne-CTE. UDkt. Lee Goldstein, uprofesa ohlangene eBoston University School of Medicine, wasebenza neqembu labacwaningi abavela ezinhlanganweni eziningana. Ithimba lihlolisise ubuchopho be-post-mortem abadlali-abadlali abaye babhekana nokulimala kwekhanda elibhekene nemidlalo. Basebenzisa futhi imodeli yegundane ukuhlola imiphumela yezinhlobonhlobo zezinkinga eziphezulu zekhanda ekutholeni okulandelayo kwe-CTE (uma kuhlolwe ngaphansi kwe-microscope).
Bathola ukuthi amanye amagundane abonisa izimpawu zokungqubuzana ngemuva kwephutha elinamandla lokuqala akazange aqhubeke nokuthuthukisa i-CTE. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izigundane ezivezwe ezinkampanini eziphindaphindiwe (kodwa ezincane kakhulu) azibonanga noma yiziphi izimpawu zohlobo lwe-concussion. Kodwa ezinye zalezi zinja kamuva zenze izibonakaliso ze-CTE.
Ithimba liphelile ukuthi ezinye zezingxabano eziholela ekuncintiswaneni zingase zenze i-CTE . Noma kunjalo, ukuncintisana ngokwayo akubonakali kuyadingeka ukuqala inqubo. Enkulumweni yezindaba, uDkt. Goldstein uthe, "Lokhu kutholakala kunikeza ubufakazi obunamandla-ubufakazi obuhle kakhulu esiba nalo manje-ukuthi impikiswano engezansi ayiyona nje eyingozi kodwa futhi ixhunyaniswa ne-CTE."
Imithelela ezemidlalo
Inhlangano yezemidlalo ingadinga ukucubungula umthelela walezimpikiswano ezingaphansi kwesigqila lapho kuthuthukisa izinkombandlela, ngaphezu kokulandela izinyathelo zokulinda ezikhona esikhathini esizayo. Umonakalo owenziwe yi-subconcussive ukulimala kubonakala ukuqongelela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Njengamanje, asikho ulwazi mayelana nenani lempembelelo engaphansi kwe-subconcussive ephephile kubadlali ngaphambi kokuthi baqede umdlalo wabo, inkathi, noma umsebenzi wabo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuphepha kwabadlali, izinguquko ziyadingeka ukuze kunciphise inani eliphelele lemithelela yekhanda kubadlali. Abadlali, nabo, kufanele bafundiswe ukuthi ngisho nama-non-concussive hits angandisa ingozi yabo yesikhathi eside ye-CTE.
> Imithombo:
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