I-Genetics, Amanani Abantu Banikeza Ukuqonda Kwengculaza Yesikhathi Eside Ngaphandle Ukuqhubeka
Lapho kukhona noma iyiphi i-agent yokuphefumula (i- pathogen ), umzimba wethu ungaphendula ngezindlela ezimbili eziyisisekelo: ingabe ingamelana nokuphikisana ne-pathogen noma ibekezelele.
Ukuphikiswa kwama-pathogenic kusho ukuvikelwa kwamzimba okuvikela umzimba ukuthi ungabhubhisi futhi ungatholi i-pathogen. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukubekezelelana kwe-pathogenic yisimo lapho umzimba ungalwi khona i-pathogen kodwa umane unciphisa umonakalo owenziwe yiwo.
Ngokuzibekezelela ngokujulile i-pathogen-eqinisweni, ukuhlala ne-pathogen esikhundleni sokufaka ukuhlasela konke-lesi sifo sithuthuka kancane kancane kumuntu onegciwane ngisho nalapho umthwalo we-pathogen uphakeme.
Kubantu abanesifo esiphansi sokubekezelelana kwezifo, umzimba uhlala esimweni esingapheli sokuqaphelisa okuphezulu, ukukhiqizwa kwama-antibodies njalo nokuvikela ama-T-cell ekuphenduleni i-pathogen (kufaka phakathi i- CD4 T-cells eyenza ukuphendula kwamagciwane).
Ngokwenza kanjalo, isifo esifana negciwane lesandulela ngculaza singathuthuka ngokushesha kakhulu ngoba kukhona phakathi kwezinye izinto, ama-CD4 + T-cell amaningi angayifaka. Kancane kancane, njengoba i-HIV ikwazi ukusula lezi "msizi" T-cell , isimiso somzimba samasosha omzimba senziwa ngokwezinga elithile sokuthi singasivikeleki.
Abantu abanokubekezelelana okuphezulu bakwazi ukulungisa indlela yokuphendula ngokuzivikela komzimba, ngokuvamile kuvumela ukungabi nalutho noma ukungabonakali kwesi sifo phezu kwesikhathi esiphakathi kuya esikhathini eside.
Ukuqonda ukubekezelela i-HIV
Ukubekezelelana nge-HIV akukaqondakali kahle kodwa ucwaningo olwandayo lunikeze ososayensi ukuthi kungani abanye abantu bebhekana nesifo kangcono kunabanye.
NgoSeptemba 2014, abacwaningi abavela eSwitzerland Federal Institute of Technology eZurich bahlaziya idatha evela eSifundweni SeSandulela-ngculazi se-Swiss, eqala ngo-1988, futhi babheka ngqo iziguli ezingu-3,036 ukuze zithole ubuhlobo phakathi komthwalo wegciwane lesiguli se-set-point (ie, lapho umthamo wegciwane uqiniswa ngemuva kokutheleleka okunzima) nokuncipha kwabo kuma-CD4 + T-cell .
Ngokwenza kanjalo, abacwaningi bakwazi ukulinganisa kokubili ukumelana nomuntu we-HIV (njengoba kulinganiswa umthamo wegciwane) nokubekezelelana ne-HIV (njengoba kulinganiswa ngesilinganiso se-CD4 sokuncipha). Ukubeka kalula, ukwehlisa izinga lokunciphisa, ukubekezela komuntu okukhulu nge-HIV.
Ngokuhlanganisa lezi zindinganiso ngezibalo zesiguli kanye nokwenza izakhi zofuzo, ososayensi babe nethemba lokuthi bathole izinto ezifanayo zokuthi baqonde kanjani indlela ecacile ehambisana nokubekezelelana nge-HIV.
Okushiwo Abacwaningi
Ngenkathi ucwaningo lwalubekho umehluko wokuthi amadoda nabesifazane babebekezelela kanjani i-HIV (naphezu kwabesifazane abanamaphesenti angama-2 aphansi we-viral-set-point), iminyaka yaba nengxenye ebalulekile, nokubekezela kancane kancane njengomuntu oneminyaka engu-20 kuya ku-40 ngakho-ke ngisho nangaphezulu kusuka eminyakeni engu-40 kuya ku-60. Eqinisweni, ngesikhathi umuntu efika eneminyaka engama-60, lesi sifo sabonakala sithuthuka cishe isilinganiso esiphindwe kabili njengesika-20 ubudala.
Ucwaningo lubuye lubonise ukuthi kwakungekho ubuhlobo obucacile phakathi kokumelana nokutheleleka nge-HIV nokubekezelelana kumuntu onegciwane-ukuthi ukubekezelelana nokuphikisana kuzosebenza ngokuzimela noma komunye umuntu. Ezimweni ezingavamile lapho bebenze khona, lapho i-set-point-point-point ehambisana ne-slower CD4 yehla, ukukhula kwesifo bekuvame ukuhamba kancane ukuchaza lowo muntu njengomlawuli ophakeme, okwazi ukubekezelela i-HIV iminyaka namashumi eminyaka ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwezidambisigciwane .
Lapho bebheka izici eziphilayo, abacwaningi bakwazi nokubona ukuthi izakhi zofuzo azizange zibe yingxenye yokuthi umuntu angabekezelela kanjani noma avimbele i-HIV, eqinisekisa ukuthi ngayinye iyindlela ehlukile yokuphila.
Lokho abakutholile, noma kunjalo, kwakuyilo gesi elilodwa, i- HLA-B , eyayinobungane obuqinile ne-HIV ukubekezelelana / ukumelana. Isakhi, esihlinzeka imfundo ekwenzeni amaprotheni asemqoka ekuphenduleni amasosha omzimba, kubonakala sengathi ihlukahluka kakhulu phakathi kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi. Ezinye ze-HLA-B (alleles) zinikezwe ukuphikiswa okunamandla kwe-HIV, kuyilapho ezinye ezihlukahlukene zihambisana nokubekezelelana okukhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubantu abathile abaveza ukuhluka okufanayo kwegciwane le-HLA-B (homozygotes), ukuqhubeka kwezifo kubonakala sengathi kuyashesha. Okuphambene kwakubonakala kulabo abanezinhlobonhlobo ezimbili ezihlukahlukene zofuzo (heterozygotes). Ngenkathi idatha yokubheka iphoqeleka, namanje akucaci ngokuphelele ukuthi lezi zici eziphilayo ziyithonya kanjani lesi simo.
Abacwaningi baphinde baphakamisa ukuthi ezinye izinsolo ze-HLA-B zingabangela ukukhula ngokushesha kwesifo ngokugcina umzimba esimweni sokusebenza komzimba okuqhubekayo, okuholela ekuvukeni okuqhubekayo okungonakalisa izinhlelo eziningi zomzimba esikhathini eside.
Ngokuqonda kangcono lezi zakhi zofuzo, kuthiwa ukuthi ososayensi ekugcineni bangakwazi ukuyihlenga, ukuvumela abantu ukuba babekezelele ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kangcono ngenkathi kunciphisa umonakalo obangelwa ukuvuselelwa kwamagciwane omzimba / ukuvuvukala okungapheli.
Imithombo:
Regoes, R .; UMcLaren, uP .; I-Battegay, M .; et al. "Ukuphazamisa ukubekezela kwabantu nokuphikisana ne-HIV." PLoS | Biology. Ngo-Septhemba 16, 2014; 12 (9): e1001951.