I-Health Monitoring Technology
Ama-Smartphones, amapulatifomu e-intanethi, ama-wearables, nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zobuchwepheshe bezempilo zinezici eziningi ezilula ngendlela odokotela abathola ngayo ulwazi lwezempilo futhi baxoxisane nenhlalakahle yesiguli. Amadivayisi wezokwelapha ase-antiquated avuselelwa ukuze afake izici zedijithali ezandisa amandla okusebenza kwemishini yokukhishwa kwe-preexisting. Isibonelo, amadivaysi amaningi wezempilo manje axhumana namanye amadivaysi ezempilo kanye nezinhlelo, ukuxhuma, ukuhlela, nokuhlanganisa izingcezu zokwaziswa ezingaphambani ngaphambili.
Ikhono lobuchwepheshe bezeMpilo liqhubeka liqhubeka minyaka yonke, futhi izinkampani eziningi, izikhungo, imikhuba, nezibhedlela zitshala futhi zisebenza ngokuziphendukela kwayo. Amadivaysi amasha akhona afanelwe ukusiza labo abanezimo ezithile zempilo. Idatha eqoqiwe kusuka kumadivaysi anempilo akufanelekile noma isebenza kuzo zonke izimo zezempilo ezithile. Ngakho-ke, kuye kwaba khona ukusetha ukuvula amadivaysi athembekile, agxile emzimbeni angakwazi ukuhlinzeka abahlinzeki bezempilo bezinkinga ezithile.
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Abanikezeli bezokuPhepha okuPhephile, abaPhezulu beNkathazo yokuThengiswa kwezeMpilo
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I-Theorem Eyisisekelo Yezingcingo Ze-Biomedical
Intuthuko e-Telemedicine
I-Telemedicine ne-telehealth zisusa ezinye izithiyo ezikhona zokunakekelwa kwendabuko futhi zilethe ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ekhaya. Esikhathini esidlule, kwakukhona ukukhathazeka ngokuphathelene nokulinganiselwa kokungaboni udokotela ubuso nobuso, ikakhulukazi uma izici zempilo ethile zibhekwa. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa kwezigqoko zokugqoka, ukuvakashelwa okwedlule ukwedlulele kubonakala kuningi futhi kungadlulisa ingxoxo yevidiyo elula.
Amadivaysi amasha adijithali nokuhlolwa kwekhaya kuvumela ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwesiguli kude, okubhekisisa ezinye zezingqinamba zangaphambili ze-telemedicine.
Amathuluzi okuhlola okude okufana ne-Tyto, i-Scanadu ne-MedWand akhulisa umbono we-telemedicine. I-Heartbeat kanye ne-breathing rate manje ingabhekwa kude. Kuyafana nokucindezelwa kwegazi, i-blood glucose, izinga lokushisa komzimba, namazinga e-oksijeni (kuye ngokuthi imininingwane yedivaysi isetshenziswa kanjani esimisweni se-telemedicine). Amanye amadivaysi afaka ikhamera ecacile ephezulu engasetshenziswa ukubuka phansi umphimbo kanye / noma emgodini wezindlebe. Amakhamera angaphinde ahlinzeke ngezithombe eziphakeme zesikhumba, ngakho-ke izikhumba zesikhumba kanye nezinguquko zesikhumba ezisolisayo zingahlolwa. Amakethi wokuhlola umchamo asekhaya asetshenziselwa ukuhlola izimo zempilo eziningana cishe ngokushesha. Yonke idatha eqoqwe ingahle yabelwe ngesikhathi sangempela noma igcinwe ukubonisana kamuva.
Amadivayisi amaningi wezokwelapha adinga ukuhlolwa okudingekile futhi adinga ukuthola imvume ye-United States Yokudla neDrug Administration (FDA). Kubalulekile ukuthi amadivaysi ezokwelapha abonakale njengembile, ngakho angamukelwa futhi asetshenziswe ngaphandle kokungabaza.
Ukwelapha Isimo Sezokwelapha: Ukushisa
Lezi zinsuku, uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uvame ukuphazamiseka ngomsebenzi kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zemisebenzi yomsebenzi. Abanye bachitha isikhathi esiningi ekubhaliwe kwekhompyutheni yabo nokubhala amanothi kunalokho abakwenzayo ngeziguli zabo. Ubuchwepheshe bezempilo manje sekwakhiwa ukuze babasize futhi basekele ukusebenzisana nodokotela neziguli. Le makethe yezempilo yedijithali ekhulayo futhi eyandayo igxile kumadivayisi wangempela ahloselwe ochwepheshe bezezempilo kanye nokusebenza kwabo kahle.
Enye into eyenziwe ngenhloso yokunakekelwa kwezempilo isikhathi esiningi i-Augmedix -headwear engasiza odokotela ukurekhoda nokukhumbula ulwazi. I-Purportedly, itindisa udokotela kuze kube ngu-15 amahora ngesonto. Le divayisi egqokekayo igcwalisa ngokuzenzakalelayo amanothi omugogodla futhi ihambisana namanye amasistimu erekhodi yezempilo e-electronic ( EHR ). Ihlinzeka nge-charting engenasandla ngokusebenzisa izwi ne-Google Glass. Liphinde kusize ukuthola ulwazi ngesiguli esithile, kuhlanganise nemithi yabo, imiphumela yebhu, kanye nemithi.
Nakuba amadivayisi amanoveli afana ne-Augmendix ayizingcezu zobuchwepheshe obungapheli, basiza ukuvuselela isipiliyoni sokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
Banekhono lokukhulisa ukwaneliseka kwesiguli kanye nabaqeqeshi bezezempilo ekugxileni ekuboneni iziguli (kunokuba amaphepha).
Ukuqinisekisa izinga nokuphepha
I-FDA ilawula wonke ubuchwepheshe, amadivayisi, nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibhekwa njengamadivayisi wezokwelapha. Isikhungo samadivayisi kanye nempilo yezokwelapha (CDRH) igatsha le-FDA futhi linesibopho sokuvunyelwa wonke amadivaysi ezokwelapha kanye neminye imithetho ehlukile yokuphepha. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bezempilo yeselula kuyinkambu ekhulayo kanti imboni iye yavame ukuveza isidingo sesiqondiso esengeziwe, i-CDRH yasungula uhlelo lwezempilo lwe-digital. Umgomo weNhlelo ukuthuthukisa impilo yedijithali kanye nokuthuthukisa izinqubomgomo nemigomo ephathelene nobuchwepheshe bezempilo.
Akuwona wonke ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziselwa ochwepheshe bezempilo behlukaniswe njengamadivayisi wezokwelapha. Isibonelo, ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlobene nezempilo azibhekwa njengamadivayisi wezokwelapha (isib. Lezo ezisetshenziselwa amathuluzi ezemfundo, izinsiza ezijwayelekile ezingahloselwe ukuxilongwa kanye nalabo abavumela ukukhulumisana phakathi kwabahlinzeki bezempilo nabagulayo).
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Ubuchwepheshe bezeMpilo nokuvuselelwa komzimba
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Izinkomfa Eziphezulu Kwalabo Abathintekayo kwezobuchwepheshe bezeMpilo
Futhi, uma uhlelo lokusebenza lubeka ingozi ephansi kakhulu emphakathini, umthetho we-Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD & C) ngokuvamile awutholakali. Ngenxa yalokho, imakethe evulekile yezinhlelo zokusebenza zezempilo kanye namadivayisi umthengi ngempela uqaphele .
Njengomthetho jikelele, i-FDA ithinteka kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zezokwelapha ezihamba phambili ezingafaka ingozi ekuphepha ngokujwayelekile uma idivayisi ingafanele isebenze njengoba kuhloswe. Ulwazi mayelana nobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha oluvunyelwe i-FDA lufinyeleleka emphakathini ngendlela ye-database, futhi i-ejensi inikeza ithuba lokubhalisela izibuyekezo mayelana namadivayisi wezokwelapha asanda kuvunywa.
Kusukela kuma-Generic Wearables kuya kumadivayisi we-Condition-Specific Smart Devices
Kuye kwaba nokunyakaza kancane kancane kobuchwepheshe obuqapha imisebenzi evamile yabantu nemisebenzi kumadivayisi angakwazi ukuqapha futhi / noma ukuthola izimo zempilo ezithile. Ngenkathi izingubo zokugqoka ezijwayelekile seziqalile ukubonisa ukukhathala emakethe, amadivaysi aqondene nesimo siphumelele njengethuba elikhulu elilandelayo. Ososayensi nabachwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe bedijithali basebenzisa izingubo ezihlukahlukene zokugqoka izifo ezithile ezifana nesifo sikashukela, ukuhlushwa, ukuphathwa kobuhlungu, isifo sikaParkinson, isifo senhliziyo, ukuphazamiseka kokulala kanye nokukhuluphala-ukubiza nje ezimbalwa. Izinzuzo zale madivaysi ziningi, kepha ezingqondweni zawo zinikeza odokotela ngezinketho ezingenasidingo ezingahlanganiswa nempilo yeziguli zansuku zonke. Ngenxa yokuthi impilo ye-digital ngokuvamile ayiyona imithi noma iminyango ngokwemvelo, la madivaysi anciphisa amathuba okuba nemiphumela emibi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela eziningi zokwelashwa kwempilo.
Imishini yezempilo eyayivame ukuvalelwa emakamelweni asezokwelapha ngenxa yezindleko kanye / noma ubungako manje ingagcwaliswa kudivayisi eguqulwayo encane, okwenza ezinye izinqubo zibe lula futhi zifinyeleleke. Esinye isibonelo yi-ZetrOZ, ekhethekile emithi ye-acoustic futhi ikhiqiza amadivaysi e-ultrasound agqoke angasetshenziselwa ukuphathwa kobuhlungu.
Esinye isimo esivamile esiye sathola ukunakwa okuningi emibuthanweni yezobuchwepheshe yesifo sikashukela. Abadlali abakhulu njenge-Google, i-Apple, ne-Samsung kanye nokuqala okuncane kakhulu baye bafaka imali futhi bahlola ubuchwepheshe obusha besifo sikashukela. Ngokushesha, ukuphathwa kwalesi simo kulindeleke ukuthi kushintshwe kakhulu. Isibonelo, ukuqapha kwe-glucose ngeke kusancike ekunqobeni komunwe. Izinketho ezihlanganisa ama-lens okuxhumana okuhlakaniphile (amazinga we-glucose wokulinganisa ezinyembezini), izikhwama ze-elekthronikhi (ukubona amazinga e-glucose ngokuthukumeza nokuhambisa izidakamizwa) kanye nezicathulo ezihlakaniphile (ukuvimbela ukuqala kokulonda izinyawo ezihlobene nesifo sikashukela) konke kuhlolwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuthuthukiswa izicelo eziningi zezempilo ezingasiza ngemfundo nokunamathela emithini yemishanguzo kanye nezinguquko zokuphila. Ubuchwepheshe obufakiwe bungaba yinye indlela. Isibonelo, izimpande zesikhumba ezizenzekelayo ukulethwa kwezidakamizwa kanye nama-pancreas okufakelwa kulabo abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kakade ekuthuthukisweni.
> Imithombo:
> Barkai U, uLudwig B, Bornstein S, Zimermann B, Gendler Z, Rotem A. Bio ama-pancreas okufakelwayo - umkhuhlane we-immune kanye nokuntuleka kwe-oxygen. I-Xenotransplantation. Mashi 2014; 21 (2): 190-203.
> Longworth L, Yang Y, Brazier J, et al. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinyathelo ezijwayelekile nezesimiso sekhwalithi yokuphila ehlobene nezempilo ku-NICE zokwenza izinqumo: ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile, ukulinganisa okulinganiselwe nokuhlola. Hlola i-Health Technol. 2014; 18 (9): 1-224.
> Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa zase-US. Izicelo zezokwelapha zeselula. Isiqondiso Sobumboningi kanye nabasebenzi bezokuPhatha kanye nokuPhathwa kwezidakamizwa. Ikhishwe ngomhla ka-Septhemba 25, 2013. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/MedicalDevices/.../UCM263366.pdf
> Zhang J, Hodge W, Hutnick C, Wang X. Amadivaysi Okungahlolisisi Okungahloliswanga Ngesifo Sikashukela Ngokuqhathanisa I-Glucose Yezinyosi. J Diabetes Sci Technol . 2011; 5 (1): 166-172.