Izinjongo zeMillennium Development (MDGs) yizinhloso eziyisishiyagalombili zenjongo ezisungulwe yiZizwe Ezihlangene (UN) ngo-2000, ezihlose ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomhlaba wonke, impilo, imfundo, ukuthuthukiswa komnotho kanye nemvelo ngo-2015. Phakathi kwezinhloso ezibalwe ucingo "lokuma nokuguqula" ukusabalalisa kwe-HIV, isifo sofuba kanye ne-malaria-ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu njenge-Sub-Saharan Africa.
Ukuze kufinyelelwe le migomo, izinhlangano eziningana, kuhlanganise ne-Joint United Nations Programme nge-HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS), ziye zabeka izinhloso ezilinganiselwe zokunciphisa ukukhula komhlaba wonke kanye nesigameko se-HIV, kodwa iningi lemingcele yomphakathi okuqhubeka nokuphazamisa imizamo yezempilo yomphakathi (kubandakanya ukucwasa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi , ubudlova besifazane, nokuhlukunyezwa kwe-HIV ).
Kusukela ukuqaliswa kwe-MDGs, kuye kwaba kokubili ukugxekwa nokukhathazeka mayelana nokusimama kwesinyathelo se-UN esiholeleke, sinikezwe ukungahambisani kwemali ekubhekaneni nokwehluleka komhlaba kanye nokwanda kwenani lezinkinga ezintsha Inombolo yezinto ezibalulekile kuqala, kubandakanya iNingizimu Afrika ne-Uganda.
Injongo # 1: Ukunciphisa Ukudluliswa Ngculaza nge-HIV ngo-50%
Ukusuka ngo-2001 kuya ku-2011, izigameko zokutheleleka kwe-HIV ezintsha zahlaselwa cishe yi-21% emhlabeni. Ngenkathi kutholakala umbiko omkhulu wezezindaba embikweni we-UNAIDS ngoSepthemba 2013 okusho ukuthi ukwehla kwamaphesenti angu-33 ku-33%, lelo nani lahlanganisa bobabili abadala nabantwana.
Ngokombono wezokuthutha kwezocansi kuphela-ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabantu abaneminyaka engu-15-24-ukunciphisa kungumyingcele walokho okwabonwa yi-UNAIDS, iningi lwedatha elibonisa ukuthi ukwehla kwe-25% e-Sub-Saharan Afrika nakwezinye izindawo eziphakeme kakhulu.
Ngokuphathelene nalokho inani elinyukayo lokutheleleka okusha elibikwe eMpumalanga Yurophu nase-Asia Ephakathi, ephindwe kabili kusukela ngo-2001 (okuqhutshwa ikakhulukazi ngokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa).
Ngokufanayo, ukwehluleka ukuvimbela ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza phakathi kwamadoda alala namadoda (MSM) kuzofaka isandla ekwenzeni okuphakeme noma okuqhubekayo emazweni amaningi athuthukile nalawa asethuthukile.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuzuza okumangalisayo kuye kwafinyelelwa eCaribbean, lapho izinga lokutheleleka elisha liye lawela ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-43 ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Injongo # 2: Beka abantu abayizigidi eziyi-15 abantu abanegciwane lesandulelangculaza nge-Antiretroviral Therapy
Kusukela ngoJanuwari 2014, cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingu-3 emazweni asathuthuka babebekwe kwi- antiretroviral therapy (ART) . Imikhombandlela yokwelashwa eyandisiwe eyakhishwa yi-World Health Organization (WHO) ngo-2013-lapho ukwelashwa kungasungulwa manje kuma-CD4 izibalo zamangqamuzana angu-500 / mL noma ngaphansi-kuzokwandisa kuphela ukukwazi ukufinyelela kwe-ART.
Naphezu kwale ntuthuko, inhloso ye-MDG yabanjwe ngo-2010, kanti kuphela ama-55% abantu abayizigidi ezingu-14.4 abadinga i-ART empeleni bayayithola. Ngokuphathelene nokunye, izingane ezingu-28 kuphela ezifanelekile zithole ama-ART, ngaphansi kwesigamu samakhosikazi ku-ART (63%).
Kusukela ngoJuni 2013, ukutholakala kwe-ART ephakeme kunazo zonke kuye kwafinyelelwa eLatin America naseCaribbean (68%), neMpumalanga Yurophu nase-Asia Ephakathi kubonisa ukubhekwa okubuthakathaka (19%).
Ngokususelwa kumathrendi wamanje, kungenzeka ukufinyeleleka ekuhlosweni kwezigidi ezingu-15 kuma-ART ngasekupheleni kuka-2015, ikakhulukazi njengoba ukuthengwa kwemikhiqizo ejwayelekile kunciphise izindleko zemithi ethile yezidakamizwa okungenani u-$ 8 ngenyanga.
Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle uma amazinga amasha okutheleleka angase anciphise ngamaphesenti angama-50% ngo-2020, abaningi banethemba lokuthi ukukhula kwezomnotho ekuhlinzekeni i-ART kubantu abaningi abane-HIV kuyoba kuhle.
Injongo # 3: Ukuqeda Ukudluliswa Kwegciwane Lesandulela Ngculaza Nokunganeni Kwabantwana kanye nokunciphisa Ukufa Kwabesifazane Ngokuphathelene Nengculaza ngo-50%
Ngo-June 2013, i-UNAIDS ibike ukuthi amazwe ayisikhombisa ase-Afrika athole ukunciphisa ama-ARV emisha e-HIV phakathi kwezingane kusukela ngo-2009. Iningi lempumelelo libangelwa izinhlelo zokulwa negciwane lesandulela ngculazi ukuvimbela ukudluliselwa komama kuya kwengane (MTCT), nge-75% ukufakwa kwezinto eziningi ezibalulekile kuqala. ENingizimu Afrika yedwa, ama-MTCT amanani aye ahlaselwa ku-5% emangalisa, ehla ukusuka kuma-37% aphezulu ngo-2000.
Ngokufanayo, ukungenelela kwe-MTCT e-Botswana naseNamibia manje sekudlule ngokwezingu-90%, kufinyelele lokho okuzocatshangwa ukuthi kuhlanganiswa yonke indawo kuleli qembu elibalulekile.
Ngokuphathelene nokufa kwezingane, i-MDGs ifuna ukunciphisa ukushona kwabazali abesandulela ngculaza ku-38 ukufa kwabantu abayizigidi eziyikhulu. Idatha eminingi ibonisa ukuthi lezi zinhloso zifinyeleleka, ngamazwe anjengeNingizimu Afrika ebika ukuthi bambalwa njengama-60 ahlobene nokufa kwe-HIV ngokuzalwa kwabantu abangu-100 000 kusukela ngo-2014.
Noma kunjalo, kukhona ukukhathazeka okuqhubekayo mayelana nenani labantwana abathola i-ART. Nakuba ukukhushulwa kwanda ngamaphesenti angama-15 kusukela ngo-2009 kuya ku-2011, lezo zinamba zisesele ngemuva kwabesilisa nabesifazane abadala (21%).
Injongo # 4: Nciphise Inombolo Ye-TB Ukufa Kubantu Abaphila Ne-HIV
Ama-MDG acele ukunciphisa ukubulawa kwesifo sofuba (TB) -ukufa okuhlobene phakathi kwabantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculazi laba ngaphansi kuka-250 000 ngo-2015. Nakuba i-TB ihlala iyimbangela yokufa kwabantu abaningi abathintekayo, ukuqhubeka okuqhubekayo kuboniswe eziningana Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, okushiwo ngu-17 kwengu-44 ukubika okungaphezu kwama-50% okunciphisa ekufeni kusukela ngo-2013.
Ngokuvamile, kuye kwaba nokunciphisa okungu-38% kwezifo ezihlobene ne-TB, okuqiniswa ukuhlonza i-TB okunamandla, ukulawulwa okukhulu kokutheleleka, nokusetshenziswa okubanzi kwemithi yokwelapha ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kubantu abengozi.
Ukwandiswa kokutholakala kwe-ART kuye kwafaka isandla ekunciphiseni izinga lokunciphisa, ikakhulukazi ekusebenziseni "ukwelashwa okuqondile" (DOT) emazweni amaningi aphezulu. Isu, lapho izidakamizwa ze-TB zinikezwa nsuku zonke ngabaqaphi abaqeqeshiwe abaqeqeshwe, kuye kwaholela ekutheni izinga lokuguqulwa kwama-85% kwezinye izifunda ezinzima kakhulu.
Naphezu kwalokhu, kunezinselelo eziningi ezivimbela inqubekela phambili. Namuhla, ezingaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu yezikhungo zokwelashwa ze-TB azihlinzeki nge-DOT, kanti izimo eziningi ze-TB engaxilanga ngezidakamizwa ezingatholakali noma zingelashwa ngokuhambisana nemihlahlandlela ye-WHO enqunyiwe. Okubaluleke nakakhulu ukuthi, emazweni anesifo segciwane lesandulela ngculazi / isifo sofuba, iKenya kuphela kanye neMalawi bahambisa i-ART ngamacala angaphezu kwama-50%. Kudingeka kwenziwe inqubekelaphambili eyengeziwe ukuqinisekisa ukushona okuhlobene ne-TB kulezi zifunda.
Imithombo:
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