Lapho Ukunqoba Okulula Kungaba Inkinga Enkulu
Abanye abantu bangase bakhumbule lapho umculi nomlingisi uCarol Burnett bahlinzwa ngokuhlinzwa ngo-1983 ukuze balungise isici esibhekene naso esibhekene nenkinga: i-chin ebonakalayo ebonakalayo.
Lesi simo, esibizwa ngokuthi i-mandibular retrognathia, yisimo esivamile esingathinta okungaphezu kokuzibona komuntu siqu. Kwezinye izimo, kungabangela ukungahambisani kahle, ukudla ubuhlungu, izinkinga ze-orthodontic, ngisho nokuphazamiseka kokulala.
Isici se-Retrognathia
I-Retrognathia yilapho umhlathi ophansi (i-mandible) uhlehliswa kusuka emlonyeni omkhulu (maxilla). Akusho ukuthi i-mandible incane, nje ukuthi ivela emuva lapho ubuso bubukwa kuphrofayela.
Sizovamise kumuntu onomtholampilo we-retrognathia njengokuba "nokudlula." Lesi sici asibhekwa ngandlela-thile ngendlela engavamile noma engathandeki futhi ngokuvamile ihambisana nobuso bonke.
Kodwa-ke, uma umhlathi uyingcosana futhi ungenayo ingxenye, lowo muntu kuthiwa une-micrognathia, isimo esingaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.
Izimbangela ze-Retrognathia
Isakhiwo se-anatomiki esibhekene nesimo sisekelwe, okungenani ngokuyingxenye, kwi-genetics yomuntu. Ngakho-ke, abantu abane-retrognathia bayoba nesakhiwo somhlathi esifana nesamanye amalungu omndeni. (UBurnett ngokwakhe wayebhekisela ekutheni u-"Burnett family lip".)
Kunezimo ezingavamile zezakhi zofuzo ezingabangela ukulimazeka okukhulu komhlathi, kufaka phakathi i-Pierre-Robin syndrome, isifo esibhekene nezinkinga ezincane ezingavamile kanye nezinkinga zokuphefumula ezihambisanayo.
Ukuhlukunyezwa ebusweni ekuthuthukiseni kwasebuntwaneni kungase kubangele ukufuduka kwemifino, ngokuvamile kuholela ekubukeni kwezinto ezibonakalayo, "ukubuyisa".
Izinkinga Ezihlobene Ne-Retrognathia
I-Retrognathia ingabangela izinkinga kusukela ekuqaleni kokubeletha, kanti ezinye izingane ezingakwazi ukufaka ngokulingana ukuze zifake kahle ingono uma zondla.
Njengoba umuntu ekhula, ukungalungi kwamazinyo kungaphazamisa ikhono lokuluma noma ukuhlafuna ukudla, uma umhlathi ophansi ungaphansi, amazinyo angase abe namaningi noma angabanjwanga ngokungajwayelekile. Lezi zici zingabangela ingxabano eyaziwa ngokuthi i- temporomandibular disorder disorder (TMJ) , isimo esibuhlungu kaningi esibhekene nezimpukane ze-muscle nokuhlukunyezwa emhlathini.
I-Retrognathia ingabangela nokuphazamiseka ukuphefumula, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokulala noma lapho ilele emhlane. Ukwehlisa nokulala nge-apnea akuyona inkinga engavamile kubantu abane-retrognathia, okubangelwa lapho isimo esihlaselayo somhlathi sivumela ulimi ukuba lubuyele emuva empumalanga. Lokhu kungaholela ekuqedeni okungavamile ekuphefumuleni, ekuphefumuleni nasekuseni.
Ukwelapha i-Retrognathia
Ngokuya ngobukhulu be-retrognathia, ukwelashwa kungenzeka noma kungadingeki.
Uma kukhonjiswe kusencane, imithi ye-orthodontic engase iphumelele ekunciphiseni ukubukeka komhlathi. Enye indlela ihilela ukusetshenziswa kwekhanda elikhethekile lokunciphisa ukukhula kwama-maxilla ukuze amahlombe angenhla naphansi angabhekana kangcono.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yobudala noma esekhulile, lapho sekukhulile ukukhula, inqubo yokuhlinzwa ebizwa ngokuthi i- maxillomandibular progress (MMA) ingasetshenziselwa ukuhambisa iminyango yombili phambili.
Inzuzo yale nqubo iwukuthi ama-braces awadingeki ukuba avuselele amazinyo. (Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuhlinzwa kukaBurnett kusetshenziswe i-mandible osteotomy lapho umhlathi utholakala khona futhi uqhubekele phambili enyunithi eyodwa.)
(I-downside enkulu ekuhlinzekeni yizindleko: noma yikuphi kusuka ku-$ 50,000 kuya ku-$ 100,000 futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nangaphezulu.)
Uma i-retrognathia ibangela i-apnea yokulala, ukwelashwa okuvamile njengokucindezela okuqhubekayo kwe-airway (CPAP) kanye nokusebenza komlomo kuzosiza ngokuvamile.
I-TMJ, ngokuphambene, ivame ukwedlula ukwelashwa futhi ingabandakanya izidakamizwa zokulwa nokuvuvukala, amaphakethe e-ice, ukusikhipha umzimba, izindlela zokuphumula, nokugwema ukugaya ngokweqile noma ukuhlafuna.
Imishini ye-Oral (eyaziwa ngokuthi ama-dental split or bite plate) nayo iyatholakala ukuphatha amacala aqinile kakhulu.
Uma kwenzeka uzizwa ukhathazekile ngomthelela wezempilo wemisipha yakho, khuluma nodokotela noma wamazinyo ongase akwazi ukunikeza iseluleko kokubili ukwelashwa okuhlinzekwa nokungahlinzeki ukwelashwa.
> Imithombo:
> Al-Hashmi, A. no-Al-Saadi, N. "Ukulungiswa kokuhlinzwa kwe-retrognathia ye-mandibular njengokwelashwa kwezimo ezihlangene ze-temporomandibular." I-Oral Maxillo Surg. 2015; 44 (I-Suppl 1): e25.
> Joshi, N .; I-Hamdan, A .; kanye noFakhouri, W. "Isikhundla seSkeletal Malocclusion: I-Disorderal Disorder With Life-Long Morbidity." J Clin Med Res . 2014; 6 (6): 399-408.