I-Rhinitis iyisifo esivamile esihlotshaniswa nenye yalezi ezilandelayo:
- Sneezing
- Iphutha le-Runny (i-rhinorrhea)
- Ukubamba (isisindo)
- Ukubuthwa (isisindo)
Indlela ejwayelekile kakhulu ye-rhinitis i-rhinitis ye-allergen, ehlobene nokubangela izimo zemvelo. Abantu abangama-70% abane- allergenic rhinitis nabo bahambisana ne-conjunctivitis, noma amehlo enamehlo ajwayelekile futhi abomvu futhi ahlaziye.
Ifomu elingajwayelekile le-rhinitis yi-nonallergic rhinitis (i-NAR). I-rhinitis engeyona ingqinamba inzima kakhulu ukuyihlolisisa, njengoba kutholakala ukuthi ukuxoshwa kunokuba kube nesifo ongahlolelwa kuzo ehhovisi likadokotela. Ukuxilongwa kokuxoshwa kusho ukuthi uhlolo lwezokwelapha lwezinye izizathu ezibonakalayo ze-rhinitis ngaphambi kokufinyelela ekuphethweni kwe-rhinitis engeyona i-allergenic.
Impendulo evamile yokuzivocavoca ekuzivocavoca
Ezimweni eziningi, njengoba izinga lenhliziyo landa ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca, imithwalo yegazi emzimbeni womzimba (vasoconstriction). Le-vasoconstriction ihlobene nokukhululwa kwe-adrenaline futhi iholela ekunciphiseni kokumelana nemigwaqo yokuhamba emanzini. Ezimweni eziningi lapho imithwalo yegazi ihlanjululwa khona, okwenza ukuvinjelwa komzimba, ukuvivinya umzimba kusiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu.
Ukuzivocavoca kungabangela kanjani ikhala lami eligijima?
Ukuzivocavoca kungabangela ikhala lakho eligijima ngezindlela ezimbili. Indlela yokuqala iyona eqondwa kangcono.
Abangu-15% abagijimi abanesifo sofuba bahlangabezana nekhala eligijimayo ngenxa yokwandisa ukuvezwa kwabo kwezifo. Lokhu kukhuliswa okukhulayo kubangelwa ukwandisa inani lomoya elithintana ngenkathi kuphefumula ngokujulile futhi ngokushesha (ngezikhathi zokuzivocavoca).
Kodwa-ke, esinye isifo sokuruthwa okubangelwa ukuvivinya umzimba okungaqondakali kangako kungenxa ye-nonallergenic imbangela.
Kunezici eziningana ezibhekwa njengabanikeli bama-nonnyergenic runny noses kubantu abadala abangahambisani nezifo. Izimbangela eziyinhloko ezibangela izinto zihlanganisa ukucasuka, ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo, noma i-vasomotor.
I-rhinitis eyenziwa yi-irritant efana nabagijimi abahlangabezana ne-rhinitis eyenziwe ngokuzivocavoca ihlobene nokuchayeka okwandayo emisebenzini noma ekungeneni kwezemvelo okucasula ama-nares kodwa kungabangeli ukwelashwa. Kulesi sibonelo, i-irritants ngokwayo ivuselela ukukhishwa kwamanzi noma impumu egijima. Ukwehliswa kwe-irritants okunciphisa kungasiza ekuxazululeni i-rhinitis engapheli.
I-rhinitis ekhishwe ngokomzwelo akuyona indlela ehlotshiswe ngokuzivocavoca ye-rhinitis, noma kunjalo, ngezinye izikhathi kudidekile. Ubulili bulotshwe kahle njengoba kubangela impumulo ephuthumayo nokukhipha. Lokhu, kodwa, akukwenzeka ngesikhathi sesenzo socansi, kodwa kunalokho kwenzeka ngomcabango wokwenza ucansi noma kungakapheli imizuzu emihlanu emva kokulala. Lesi simo siyaziwa ngokuthi i-honeymoon rhinitis.
I-vasomotor rhinitis yi-catch-yonke isigaba se-rhinitis engeyona i-nonallergenic futhi i-diagnosis isetshenziswa lapho zonke ezinye izinhlobo ze-rhinitis seziqedile. Kuvame kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile kunasebancane.
Ukwelapha
Izinyathelo zokuqala zanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezokwelapha lwe-rhinitis engagcini kufanele lubandakanye ukugwema noma yiziphi izici ezithintekayo ezaziwayo.
Ukuzivocavoca okuqhubekayo, ngaphandle kokutholakala kwezinto ezivame ukwelashwa noma izidakamizwa, kungase kube lula ukunciphisa izimo zephunga eligijima ngenxa yokuphendula komzimba komzimba ku-adrenaline. Udokotela angase afune ukwelashwa okubandakanya imithi yamacala angakwazi ukuguqulwa ngokuguqulwa noma ukuguquka kwendlela yokuphila.
Imithi ivame ukuvela emaqenjini amathathu. I-Anticholinergics efana ne-ipratropium bromide iyimithi yokwelapha ene-profile effect-side effect. I-Nasal steroid ihluma njengeFlonase noma i-Nasocort yizipulisi ezivamile zomzimba eziye zaboniswa ukuthi ziphumelela ekwelapheni ukucinana komzimba kanye ne-rhinorrhea (impumu ye-runny).
Iqembu lokugcina lemithi elalizosiza ukuphatha i-rhinitis yi-antihistamines. I-Azelastine iboniswe ukuthi isebenza ngokubili ekwelapheni i-rhinitis ehlobene nokungena emzimbeni kanye ne-rhinitis ye-nonallergic. Uma ama- turbinates (i-bone spongy ngaphakathi ekhaleni) ekhuliswa, inqubo yokuhlinzwa ebizwa ngokuthi ukunciphisa i-turbinate ingasiza ukunciphisa izimpawu.
Imithombo:
Goldenberg, D. & Goldstein, BJ (2011). I-Handbook ye-Otolaryngology - Inhloko Nokuhlinzwa Kwezinyosi. I-New York City, NY: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
Keles, N. (2002). Ukwelapha i-rhinitis ye-allergen kumdlali. I-Rhinology, 40, 211-214.
Lieberman, PL (2015). I-rhinitis engajwayelekile ye-nonallergic. http://www.uptodate.com
Monteseirin, J., Camacho, MJ, Bonilla, I., iSanchez-Hernandez, C., Hernandez, M. & Condie, J. (2001). 56 (4), 353-4.
Peden, D. (2014). Ukubuka kabanzi nge-rhinitis. http://www.uptodate.com
Wheeler, i-PW & Wheeler, i-SF (2005). I-Vasomotor Rhinitis. I-American Family Physician. http://www.aafp.org/afp/2005/0915/p1057.html
Wilson, KF, Spector, ME & Orlandi, RR (2011). Izinhlobo ze-Rhinitis. Imitholampilo ye-Otolaryngologic yaseNyakatho Melika. 44: 3, 459-559.