Ukuxilongwa kwe-Hypertension: I-High Blood Pressure Ithola Kanjani?

Ingabe Une-Hypertension?

I- hypertension (high blood pressure) ukuxilongwa kuyinkinga enkulu, ngoba uma ingaphathwa kabi ingaholela ekuhlaselweni kwenhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, isifo sezinso nezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uthole ukuxilongwa kahle.

Kodwa ukuthola ilungelo lokuxilongwa akuyona into eqondile njengoba ungase ucabange. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi ukucindezeleka kwegazi kuyinombolo ethile (njengokuthi, "Umfutho wegazi lakho ngu-115/70"), futhi le nombolo izorekhodwa eshadini lakho njengegazi le-Blood Pressure - njengenani elithile elifana nesisindo sakho noma ukuphakama.

Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi ukucindezeleka kwegazi empeleni akuyona into ethile eqondile; yilo lonke uhla lwamanani. Ukucindezeleka kwegazi kuguquka kusukela ngomzuzu kuya ngomzuzu phakathi nosuku, ngokusho kwezidingo zakho ezisheshe zithinte inhliziyo. Ngakho ingcindezi yakho yegazi ishintsha ekuphenduleni izinga lakho lomsebenzi, isimo se-fluid, izinga lokukhathazeka, kanye nezinye izinto eziningi eziguqukayo njalo.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma udokotela elinganisa ukucindezelwa kwegazi, isilinganiso kufanele senziwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ezilawulwayo nezizokhiqizwa. Ukukhuluma ngokweqile, lokhu kusho ukulinganisa ukucindezelwa kwegazi ngaphansi kwesimo "sokuphumula okuthulile."

Ukulinganisa Ukucindezelwa Kwegazi

Kubalulekile ukuthi udokotela wakho aqiniseke ukuthi isilinganiso somshini wegazi abhalayo sibonisa "ukuphumula" kwegazi kwangempela. Imikhombandlela yokufeza ukulinganisa ukucindezelwa kwegazi kwegazi iye yahlungwa:

Umshwalense wegazi kufanele ubhalwe endaweni enokuthula, efudumele, emva kokuba uhlezi ngokuthula okungenani imizuzu emihlanu, ngezinyawo zakho zisekelwa.

Akufanele usebenzise i-caffeine noma imikhiqizo kagwayi okungenani imizuzu engama-30. Udokotela kufanele athathe okungenani ukucindezelwa kwegazi ezimbili, okungenani okungenani imizuzu emihlanu ngaphandle, futhi uma ukufunda kuhluka okungaphezu kwama-5 mmHg, ukufundwa okunye kufanele kwenziwe kuze kube yilapho bevuma.

Ukusebenzisa le ndlela yokulinganisa ukucindezeleka kwegazi, ukuxilongwa kwesifo somfutho wegazi kufanele kudingeke okungenani kudingeke ukuthi ukufundwa kwengcindezi yegazi kuphakanyiswe okungenani, kuthathwe okungenani isonto elilodwa ngaphandle.

Kwezinye izimo, esikhundleni sokuzama ukufeza isilinganiso sokucindezeleka kwegazi ehhovisi legqirha, kungase kuzuze ukusebenzisa ukuqapha kwengcindezi yengcindezi yegazi (ABPM), okuyinto indlela yokurekhoda ukucindezelwa kwegazi okuningi okufundwa ngaphezulu kwama-24 kuya ku-48- isikhathi sehora.

• Funda mayelana ne-ABPM.

Kuye kwathandwa eminyakeni yamuva ukuthi abantu bahlole ukucindezelwa kwegazi labo ekhaya. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuqapha kwengcindezi yegazi (HBPM). I-HBPM isibe lula kakhulu futhi inembile eminyakeni yamuva, futhi manje iyindlela enhle yokuhlolisisa ukucindezeleka, nokusiza ukuphatha ukucindezeleka okukhulu uma kutholakala.

• Funda mayelana ne-HBPM.

Ngabe I-Hypertension Itholaphi?

Uma ingcindezi yakho yegazi ilinganiswa ngokunembile, udokotela wakho uzohlukanisa imiphumela, kuye ngokuthi amanani akho wegazi we-systolic ne-diastolic , kanje:

• Umfutho wegazi ovamile: i- systolic engaphansi kuka-120 mmHg, no-diastolic engaphansi kuka-80 mmHg
• I-hypertension: systolic 140 noma ngaphezulu, noma i-diastolic engu-90 noma ngaphezulu
• "Ukwelashwa ngokweqile:" ukucindezelwa kwegazi kufundiswa phakathi kwezinto ezijwayelekile kanye nezindlala zomshuwalense .

Isigaba somfutho wegazi ophakeme sigxile ngokwengeziwe sibe "izigaba ezimbili," esekelwe ezingeni le-hypertension :

• Isinyathelo 1 somfutho wegazi ophezulu: i- systolic ayikho ngaphezu kwe-159 mmHg, futhi i-diastolic ayikho ngaphezu kuka-99 mmHg

• Isinyathelo sesi-2 somfutho wegazi ophezulu: i- systolic enkulu kune-159 mmHg, noma i-diastolic ingaphezu kuka-99 mmHg

Iningi labantu abanesifo somfutho wegazi ophakeme banokuphakama kokubili izingcindezi ze -systolic ne- diastolic , kodwa ukuphakama okuqhubekayo kunoma iyiphi okubangelwa ukuxilongwa nge-hypertension.

Uma une-hypertension, ngokuvamile umgomo wokwelashwa ukubuyisela ukucindezelwa kwegazi kwakho ngaphansi kwe-140/90. Uma unesifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, noma isifo sezinso , noma kunjalo, ukwelashwa kuvame ukuba nobudlova; umgomo uvame ukubuyisela ukucindezelwa kwegazi kube ngaphansi kuka 120/80.

• Funda mayelana nokwelashwa komfutho wegazi ophezulu.

Uma une "hypertension," cishe kungenzeka ukuthi uthuthukise umfutho wegazi ophezulu wangempela eminyakeni embalwa.

Kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho ngezinyathelo ezingekho zemithi ukunciphisa ukucindezelwa kwegazi, futhi kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi uphinde uhlolwe ukucindezelwa kwegazi njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya kwezingu-12.

• Funda nge-hypertension.

Kuthiwani Nge "White Coat Hypertension"?

Ezinye iziguli zizobe seziphakamisa ukucindezeleka kwegazi ehhovisi likadokotela, kodwa kuzoba nezingcindezi ezivamile zokuphumula kwegazi ngezikhathi ezithile. Le iphethini ibizwe ngokuthi "i-white coat hypertension."

• Funda mayelana ne-white coat hypertension.

Kuthiwani Nge-"Okuphuthumayo" noma "Ephuthumayo"?

I-"hypertension" ephakeme kakhulu ikhona uma i-diastolic yegazi ingaphezulu kakhulu, ngokuvamile i-120 mmHg noma ngaphezulu, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho kunezibonakaliso zomonakalo omkhulu wegazi owenziwe umfutho wegazi ophezulu. Ngokuvamile, umonakalo wendiza wegazi ku-hypertension eyingozi ingatholakala ngokuhlola imithwalo yegazi emehlweni, ngokusebenzisa i- ophthalmoscope . I-hypertension engavamile yinto ephuthumayo yezokwelapha , ngoba ivame ukuholela ekulimaleni okukhulu kwenhliziyo, ubuchopho, izinso namaso. Kudinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha kanye nokwelashwa okunonya ukuze uthole ukucindezeleka kwegazi ngaphansi kokulawula okusheshayo.

• Funda mayelana nomfutho ophezulu wegazi ophezulu.

"Ukuphuthumayo okusheshayo" kukhona lapho i-diastolic yegazi ingama-120 mmHg noma ngaphezulu, kodwa abukho ubufakazi bokulimala komkhumbi wegazi. Iziguli ezine-hypertension eziphuthumayo ngokuvamile kufanele ziqaliswe ekwelashweni okunamandla okukhulu kakhudlwana, kepha ngokuvamile akudingeki ukuba zihanjiswe esibhedlela.

• Funda kabanzi mayelana nomfutho wegazi ophezulu, ukuhlolwa kwawo kanye nokwelapha.

_Imithombo:

_{Chobanian, AV, Bakris, GL, Black, HR, Cushman, WC. Umbiko weSikhombisa weKomiti Kazwelonke Yohlangene Yokuvimbela, Ukutholakala, Ukuhlolwa Nokuphathwa Kwezinga Eliphakeme Lokucindezeleka Kwegazi: Umbiko we-JNC 7. I-JAMA 2003; 289: 2560.}

_{# Staessen, JA, Wang, J, Bianchi, G, Birkenhager, WH. I-high blood pressure. Lancet 2003; 361: 1629.}