Ukucubungula Nokuthola Abantu Ngengozi Elinganiselwe Nokwandisa
Njalo eminyakeni embalwa, imihlahlandlela yokuhlola umdlavuza wekoloni ibuyekeziwe ngokusekelwe ebufakazini besayensi, izinketho ezintsha zokuhlola, ukufinyeleleka, kanye nokutholakala komnotho. Iziqondiso ezintsha, ezibekwa yi-American College of Gastroenterology, ziye zahlukanisa izindlela zokuhlola zibe izigaba ezimbili: ukuvimbela umdlavuza kanye nokuthola umdlavuza.
Uvivinyo lwe-Cancer Prevention
Izivivinyo zokuhlola ukukhishwa komdlavuza we-colon zihlose ukuthola ukungahambi emgqeni ngaphambi kokuba ziphenduke umdlavuza.
Ngomuntu olinganiselwe, kungathatha iminyaka engama-10 kuya kwengu-20 ukuze izicubu ziguqule kusuka ku- polyp noma i-adenoma encane ibe i-adenocarcinoma, okuyinto ejwayelekile kakhulu yomdlavuza wekoloni.
Izivivinyo zokuhlola i-colon njalo kanye nokususwa kwabantu abaningi abangeyona umdlavuza kunganciphisa ingozi yakho yokuphila komdlavuza wekolon ngamaphesenti angu-80, ngokusho kwe-American Cancer Society. Izivivinyo zokuhlola ukujwayela ukuvimbela umdlavuza wekolon zihlanganisa:
- I-Colonoscopy
- I-computed tomography colonoscopy (ikolonoscopy ebonakalayo)
- Sigmoidoscopy ye-Flexible
- Ukuqhathanisa kabili i-barium enema (DCBE)
Ukuhlola Ukulinganisa Isilinganiso
Iningi labantu lingena esigabeni esengozini sokuhlolwa kwesifo somdlavuza wekolon futhi sikhuthazwa ukuba siqale ukuhlolwa eminyakeni yobudala engama-50 (noma 45 uma ungumAfrika waseMelika). Ubizwa ngokuthi unengozi ejwayelekile yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wekoloni:
- Uma ungenayo isihlobo esiphezulu sezinga lomdlavuza wekoloni (uma wenza kanjalo, kumele kutholakale ukuthi unomdlavuza wekoloni ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-60 noma usengozini yokukhuphula ingozi).
- Uma ungabhemi noma uphuze kakhulu.
- Uma ungenalo umlando womuntu siqu womdlavuza, umdlavuza we-colon, noma i-polyps.
- Uma ungenayo izimo zofuzo ezikubeka phambili kumdlavuza wekoloni (i-Peutz-Jeghers, i-polyenis, i-familial adenomatous polyposis, i-nonpolyposis ye-coloredal syndrome).
- Uma ungenayo i-ulcerative colitis, isifo sikaCrohn, noma yisiphi isimo sokukhukhumeza kwesibindi.
Ekugcineni, iminyaka oqala ngayo ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wekoloni akusethiwe etsheni. Udokotela wakho usebenzisa le mihlahlandlela njengohlaka lokubhekisela kodwa angakhuthaza ukuhlolwa ekuqaleni uma unezimpawu zomdlavuza wekolon noma ezinye izifo zomzimba.
Ngomuntu oyingozi, isilinganiso sokuhlola ukuhlolwa kufanele silandele le schedule, ngaphandle uma kungatholakali okungajwayelekile:
- I-Colonoscopy-njalo eminyakeni engu-10
- I-computed tomography colonoscopy (i-colonoscopy ebonakalayo) -yonke iminyaka emihlanu njengesivivinyo esihlukile kuya kwe-colonoscopy endoscopic
- I-sigmoidoscopy ye-Flexible-yonke iminyaka emihlanu njengenye indlela eya ku-colonoscopy
- Hlukanisa kabili i-barium enema (DCBE) -yonke iminyaka emihlanu
Uma ngabe yikuphi ukuhlolwa okungaphandle kwe-colonoscopy okuthola okungajwayelekile, uzodinga i-colonoscopy ukuqinisekisa lokho okutholakele (futhi kungenzeka ususe noma yiziphi izintambo noma ukukhula okuncane, uma kudingeka).
Ukuhlola Ukunyuka Okuphezulu noma Okuphezulu
Uma usukhulile noma usengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wekoloni, ukuhlolwa kwakho kokuhlola kuzokwenzeka njalo. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze ubone ukuthi umshuwalense wakho uhlanganisa yini ukuhlolwa , njengoba ezinye izinkampani zidinga ubufakazi bokuthi isimo sakho senyukile noma sengozini enkulu (njengemiphumela yokuhlola izakhi zofuzo).
Nakuba kunqunywe icala ngecala lakho ngudokotela wakho, kungenzeka ukuthi uyisigaba esikhuphukile noma esengozini enkulu:
- Uma unesihlobo sokuqala (noma izihlobo ezimbili zesibili) ngesifo somdlavuza wekoloni esitholwe ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-60.
- Uma unomlando womdlavuza.
- Uma unomlando we-polyps.
- Uma wena noma isihlobo sokuqala se-Peutz-Jeghers, i-polyenis adenomatous yomndeni, i-nonpolyposis yefa, noma ezinye izifo zesifo somdlavuza wezakhi zofuzo.
- Uma une-ulcerative colitis, isifo sika-Crohn, noma esinye isimo sesibindi sokuvuvukala.
Imikhombandlela yokuhlolisisa yabantu abakhulayo kanye neyingozi kakhulu ihlukahluka ngokuvumelana nalokho okwabeka kuleso sigaba-umlando womuntu siqu womdlavuza wekoloni, ama-polyps, umdlavuza we-genetical syndromes, noma ukwanda komndeni.
- Kubantu abanomlando womndeni womdlavuza wekoloni , ukuhlolwa kokuhlola kumele kuqale eminyakeni engama-40 noma engu-10 ngaphambi kokuthola umdlavuza omncane kunazo zonke emndenini wakho. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umama wakho etholakele enomdlavuza oneminyaka engu-45, kufanele uqale ukuhlola ukuhlolwa ngesikhathi eneminyaka engu-35 ubudala. Udokotela wakho angase akhuthaze ikholonoscopy njalo eminyakeni emihlanu, kuye ngokuthi amandla ezinkinga zakho zomndeni.
- Uma unomlando womuntu wezintambo ze-colon ezivivinyweni zangaphambili (kodwa hhayi umdlavuza), imvamisa yakho yokuhlola ixhomeke kwinombolo kanye nohlobo lwama-polyps atholakalayo futhi asusiwe. Ngokwesibonelo, uma unesifo esisodwa noma ezimbili, i -adenomas ye-tubular , cishe uzodinga i-colonoscopy njalo eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyishumi emva kokususwa. Kodwa-ke, uma unezinhlobo ezingu-10 noma ngaphezulu ezisusiwe, ungadinga i-colonoscopy njalo eminyakeni emithathu futhi udokotela wakho angase akhuthaze ukuhlolwa kofuzo kumayelana nomdlavuza we-colorectal.
- Uma unomlando womuntu womdlavuza wekoloni , imvamisa yakho yokuhlola ixhomeke esigabeni nasemkhakheni womdlavuza wakho kanye nendlela esetshenziselwa ukuyisusa ( ukuhlinzwa ngokumelene ne-colonoscopy). Izivivinyo zakho zokuhlola zingase zibe njalo njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha noma eminyakeni emithathu, kuye ngokuthi lezo zici, impilo yakho, nokusikisela kukadokotela wakho.
- Abantu abanesifo sofuba esifubeni bangadinga ukuhlolwa kwezikhathi eziningi zokuhlola, kodwa kuphela uma kubandakanya amathumbu amakhulu. Udokotela wakho uzoba nezincomo eziqondile kuwe, ngokususelwa ekukhuleni kwesifo sakho sezinyosi.
- Uma unayo (noma unomlando womndeni) kunoma yiziphi izifo zesifo somdlavuza wezakhi zofuzo , ukuhlola kwakho kungase kudingeke kuqale njengoba kuneminyaka engama-12. Ukuguqulwa kwe-sigmoidoscopies minyaka yonke kukhuthazwa kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka engu-12 kubantu abane-familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome. Uma une-cancer ye-non-colyposis colorectal syndrome (i-HNPCC noma i-Lynch Syndrome), ukuhlola izivivinyo kungase kuqale kuneminyaka engama-20, nge-colonoscopies yesimiso njalo eminyakeni emibili.
Njengamanje, azikho izincomo ezisemthethweni kubantu abakhuluphele, ababhema noma abaphuza kakhulu utshwala. Kodwa-ke, bakhuthazwa ukuba bacabangele ukuhlola izivivinyo kusukela ekuqaleni kancani kunezigaba ezingenabungozi, ukuqala eminyakeni engama-45.
Izivivinyo Zokuthola I-Cancer
Izivivinyo zesitoreji zenzelwe ukuthola umdlavuza uma zikhona, hhayi ukuzivimbela noma ukuzibamba kusenesikhathi. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlolwa kwe-stool-izivivinyo ezihlola ukulandelela amanani wegazi esitokisini kanye nokuhlola okuhlola amaseli omdlavuza ochithekile esitokisini (ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA).
Lezi zivivinyo ngokuvamile ziqediwe ekhaya, besebenzisa ikiti yokuqoqa ngezinsuku ezimbalwa. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo ecacile ngaphambi kokuhlolwa okukodwa, okufaka ukuqoqwa nokubuyisela imiyalelo yamasampuli.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-stool kufanele kugcwaliswe njalo ngonyaka, emva kokuzalwa kwakho kwama-50 kubantu abanengozi emaphakathi nephezulu:
- Ukuhlolelwa kwegazi le-Fecal occult (FOBT) -unyaka wonke
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Fecal immunochemical (FIT) -kunyaka wonke
- Yeka ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA-njalo eminyakeni emithathu
Imithombo:
I-American Cancer Society. Umhlahlandlela ophelele we-American Cancer Society ku-Cancer Colorectal . I-Clifton Fields, NE: i-American Cancer Society.
I-American Cancer Society. (nd). Ukutholwa Kwegciwane Lokuqala Lokuqala.
I-American Cancer Society. (nd). Izincomo ze-American Cancer Society for Detection Early Cancer.
Rex, DK, Johnson, DA, Anderson, JC, et al. (February 2009). Izikhombandlela ze-American college of Gastroenterology for Screening Cancer Ukuhlolwa 2008.