Umhlahlandlela Weziguli Okwelapha I-Stage 0, I, no-II I-Melanoma Treatment
Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Melanoma Ekuqaleni - Kuyini Okulandelayo?
Udokotela wakho uthi i- biopsy yakho yesikhumba ibuyele emihle ngenxa ye- melanoma , uhlobo oluhlukumeza kakhulu lomdlavuza wesikhumba . Ngenhlanhla, ibanjwe njenge-melanoma yesigaba sokuqala (0, I, noma II), ngakho ukubikezela kwakho kuhle. Kodwa yini elandelayo? Yiziphi izinketho zakho zokwelapha? Nansi ukubuka konke okumele ukwenze.
Uma uzwile incazelo ye-melanoma yakho kodwa ungaqiniseki ngesiteji, funda ngesimo se-melanoma .
Uma i-melanoma yakho ikhona isigaba sesi-II noma isigaba se-IV (metastatic) se-melanoma, funda ngezinketho zokwelapha ze-melanoma esiteji esithuthukile .
I-Stage 0 (In Situ) I-Melanoma
Isigaba 0 ("in situ") i-melanomas ayizange isakaze ngaphesheya kwe-epidermis (ungqimba ophezulu wesikhumba). Zivame ukuphathwa ngokususwa okuhlinzekwayo ("ukukhipha") kwe-melanoma kanye nesamba esincane (cishe ngo-0.5 cm) sesikhumba evamile (esibizwa ngokuthi "umkhawulo"). Ukuhlinzwa ngalesi sigaba kuvame ukuphulukisa lesi sifo. Ngokwe-melanomas ebusweni, odokotela abathile bangase babeke ikhekhe eliqukethe umuthi Aldara (imiquimod) . Lokhu kusetshenziswe ngokuyinhloko lapho ukuhlinzwa kungakha inkinga yezithokozi. Ukhilimu isetshenziswa noma yikuphi kusukela ngosuku kuya kwezikhathi ezimbili ngesonto cishe izinyanga ezintathu.
Isigaba I I-Melanoma
Ukwelashwa kwesigaba se-melanoma (okungukuthi, izilonda eziyi-2 mm ngobukhulu noma ngaphansi) zihlanganisa ukususwa kokuhlinzwa kwe-melanoma nokususwa kwe-1 cm kuya ku-2 cm esikhumba evamile esizungezile, kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu be-melanoma (ebizwa ngokuthi " Breslow ubukhulu ").
Kuye ngokuthi indawo ye-melanoma ikhona, abantu abaningi manje bangakwazi ukwenza le nqubo eyenziwa emtholampilo ophuthumayo noma ehhovisi likadokotela.
I- lymph node dissection njalo (ukususwa kwama-lymph nodes eduze komdlavuza) akubonakalwanga ukuthuthukisa ukusinda kweziguli ezine-melanoma yesigaba. Abanye odokotela batusa i-sentinel lymph node mapping kanye ne-biopsy uma i-melanoma isiteji IB noma inezinye izici ezenza kube lula ukusabalala kwamagciwane lymph.
Isigaba II Melanoma
Ukuziqhenya okukhulu ukuphathwa okujwayelekile kwe-melanoma yesigaba II. Uma i-melanoma iphakathi kuka-1 mm no-2 mm ubukhulu, i-1 cm kuya ku-2 cm margin of isikhumba evamile iyosuswa kanye. Uma lesi sifo singama-2 mm kuya ku-4 mm ubukhulu, okungenani u-2 cm wesikhumba esijwayelekile uzosuswa kusuka kuzungeze isayithi le-tumor. Uma i-tumor ingaphezu kuka-4 mm ubukhulu, i-margin ye-3 cm iyanconywa uma kwenzeka ngokusemthethweni.
Njengoba i-melanoma kungenzeka isakaze kuma-lymph nodes eduze kwe-tumor, abanye odokotela bangase batusa i-sentinel node lymph biopsy. Kule nqubo, idayisi kanye ne-traceable radioactive injected into melanoma ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Ama-melanomas asakaza ngendlela ye-lymphatic system noma ukusakaza kwegazi. Uma zisakazwa ngesistimu ye-lymphatic, zivame ukuqala ukusabalala emigqeni yellimini esiseduze nomdlavuza, futhi uma isakazeka ku-lymph node yokuqala, isakaza umzila kwabanye. Ukwenza i-sentinel node biopsy kuvumela ukuthi udokotela ohlinzayo anqume ukuthi i-melanoma iqala ukusakazeka.
Uma i-node (s) ye-sentinel itholakele, iyobe isetshenziselwa ukukhipha i-melanoma. Uma i-node ye-sentinel iqukethe umdlavuza, i-lymph node dissection (lapho wonke ama-lymph node kuleyo ndawo ekhishwa ngokuhlinzwa) izokwenziwa ngosuku oluzayo.
Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi uma kukhona ubufakazi bokuthi umdlavuza usakaze kwi-node sentinel noma amanye ama-lymph nodes, lokhu akusho ukuthi kuyimetastatic. Kumbiko wakho we-biopsy cishe uzosho ukuthi "i-metastatic to lymph nodes" kodwa futhi, lokhu akusho ukuthi umdlavuza wakho unemetastatic, kodwa kuphela ukuthi unamandla okuba yimetastatic.
Ezimweni ezithile (njengokungathi i-tumor itholakale ibe ngaphezu kuka-4 mm ubukhulu noma uma i-lymph nodes iqukethe umdlavuza), abanye odokotela bangase bacebise ukwelashwa kwe-adjuvant (ukwelashwa okwengeziwe ngemva kokuhlinzwa) nge- interferon-alfa2b . Ezinye izidakamizwa noma mhlawumbe imishanguzo ingabuyekezwa njengengxenye yesilingo somtholampilo ukuzama ukunciphisa ithuba lokuthi i-melanoma izobuya.
Ubufakazi bamanje bokusebenza komuthi we-adjuvant noma ukwelashwa kwemisebe yezigulane zezigaba II, noma kunjalo, kunqunyelwe.
Ukwelapha okusha kuyatholakala ku-melanoma ngaso sonke isikhathi nokunye okucwaningwayo ekuhlolweni kwemitholampilo. Xoxa nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi ungaba yini ukhetho kunoma yikuphi kwalezi zifundo. Uma une-stage II i-melanoma kubalulekile kakhulu ukuba ube ngummeli wakho ekunakekelweni komdlavuza wakho . Funda kabanzi mayelana nama-melanomas kanye nanoma yiziphi izimpawu noma izimpawu zokuphindaphindiwe .
Imithombo:
I-National Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa Kwe-Melanoma (PDQ) - yezokwelapha abaqeqeshiwe. Kubuyekezwe 04/15/16. https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/hp/melanoma-treatment-pdq