Ama-anti-depressants, ama-anticonvulsants, nama-narcotics enza lolu hlu
Uma kuziwa emithonjeni yokuhlunguphazeka okungapheli, kunezinqumo ezibonakala zingenakubalwa ngaphandle lapho. Uyazi kanjani ukuthi imiphi imithi ebuhlungu ekulungele? Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemithi yobuhlungu zenzelwe ukuxilongwa okuhlukile, kodwa kunamathuba amaningi okukhetha. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungase kudingeke uzame izinhlobo ezimbalwa zemithi yobuhlungu, noma ngisho nenhlanganisela yabambalwa, ukuze uthole usizo.
I-opioids (i-Narcotics)
I-opioids imithi yokwelashwa esetshenziselwa ukulinganisa ubuhlungu obungapheli. Yize ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwesikhathi eside kuye kwaba yinkinga enkulu, abahlinzeki abaningi bazizwa lapho beqashwe ngokucophelela, ama-opioids anendawo ekulawuleni ubuhlungu obungapheli. Ama-opioids angase abe yimithi emfushane noma esebenza ubuhlungu obude isikhathi eside, kodwa, ekulawulweni okubuhlungu okungapheli , lokhu kusetshenziswa kakhulu.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-opioid zisetshenziselwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zobuhlungu obungapheliyo. Le mithi yezinhlungu iyatholakala kokubili ifomu lesipilisi noma i-patch. Ama- opioid angenawo ama-opioid ayatholakala, nakuba ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ubuhlungu bomdlavuza, noma njengemithi yokuhlunguphazwa kwe-post-surgical acute. Ezinye izibonelo zama-opioid asetshenziselwa ukuphatha ubuhlungu obungapheli yi- oxycodone ne-fentanyl. I-opioids ingasetshenziswa yedwa, noma ingahlanganiswa neminye imithi yobuhlungu efana ne-acetaminophen.
Ngesikhathi ama-opioids ehlala ephumelelayo ekubhekaneni nobuhlungu obungapheli, banenkinga engaba khona.
I-opioids ingabangela ukucabangela, ukulala, ukuqotshwa, ukungasebenzi ngokocansi futhi kungaholela ekuthembekeni ngokomzimba. Uma uthatha ama-opioid njalo ngenxa yobuhlungu obungapheli, udokotela wakho kufanele akuqaphele ngokucophelela ngezinkinga zemithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu.
Ama-NSAID ne-Acetaminophen
Ama-NSAID kanye ne-acetaminophen yi-analgesics engekho i-opioid, imithi yokwelashwa ngokuvamile evame ukusetshenziselwa ubuhlungu obungapheli obuncane nokulinganisela.
Ama-NSAID kanye ne-acetaminophen ingasetshenziswa yodwa ukuphatha ubuhlungu obungapheli, noma ingahlanganiswa neminye imithi yokwelashwa njengama-opioids nama- analgesics adjuvant. Zingase zisetshenziselwe ukulawula ubuhlungu bokuphuka .
Ngokungafani nama-opioids, ama-NSAID amaningi atholakalayo ngaphezu kwe-counter. I-Acetaminophen iyatholakala futhi ngokuthenga ngaphandle kwemithi. Kodwa-ke, izinguqulo ezinomsoco ezinamandla nazo ziyatholakala ekwelapheni okubuhlungu okungapheli. Ezinye izibonelo zama-NSAID asetshenziselwa ubuhlungu obungapheli yi-ibuprofen, naproxen, ne-meloxicam.
Ngenkathi ama-NSAID kanye ne-acetaminophen zikhona imithi yokwelashwa etholakalayo kalula, zinemiphumela emibi engaba khona. Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kudlulisa ithuba lemiphumela emibi, noma kunjalo, ngisho nokusebenzisa isikhathi esifushane kungakushiya usengozini. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izilonda zamathumbu kanye nokuphuma kwegazi kanye nokwenyuka kwekhono lokulimaza. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-NSAIDS , ikakhulukazi i- COX-2 inhibitors ekhethiwe, ingandisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi. Kodwa-ke, imithi ngayinye ihlukile futhi kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho mayelana nezingozi nezinzuzo zomuntu ngamunye.
Ama-antidepressants
Ama-antidepressants yi- analgesics adjuvant . Aziklanyelwe ngokuqondile imishanguzo yobuhlungu, nakuba zingaphatha kahle izinhlobo ezithile zobuhlungu obungapheli.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi abantu abacindezeleka ukulawula ubuhlungu obungapheli ngezindlela ezimbili. Okokuqala, bangashintsha indlela ubuhlungu obonakala ngayo kusukela emthonjeni womgogodla kuya ebuchosheni. Okwesibili, zinganciphisa ukukhathazeka nokusiza ukulawula ukulala.
Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zama-anti-depressants eziwusizo njengemithi yokuhlunguphazeka okungapheli. I-Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) njenge-amitriptyline, i-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (i-SSRIs) ekhethiwe njenge-duloxetine nezinye izinto ezifana nefazodone ezivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuphatha kokubili ubuhlungu obungapheli obuhlungu nobuhlungu bomunyo. I-Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayiphumeli ekulawuleni ubuhlungu.
Anticonvulsants
Yize kungase kuzwakale kungaqondakali, ama-anticonvulsants, ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukulawula ukuphazamiseka kwe-seizure, angasetshenziswa njengemithi yobuhlungu. Ama-anticonvulsants nawo angama-analgesics adjuvant. Ngenxa yokuthi zisebenza ngokuvimbela izinhlobo ezithile zokudluliselwa kwamagciwane, zinganciphisa izinzwa zesifo se-neuropathic, njengalezo ezibangelwa i-neuralgia ye-trigeminal noma i-neuropathy yesifo sikashukela. Ama-anticonvulsants asetshenziselwa imithi yobuhlungu ihlanganisa i-gabapentin ne-pregabalin.
Ama-Analgesics e-Topical
I-analgesics yezingqungquthela imithi yokwelapha esetshenziswa esikhumbeni. Zitholakala njengama-creams, ama-lotions noma ama-patches. Ezinye izinhlobo zemithi yezinhlungu zomsindo zingathengwa ngaphezu kwe-counter, kanti ezinye zidinga udokotela odokotela. Umsebenzi ngezindlela ezimbalwa ezahlukene, kuye ngokuthi isithako sisebenzayo. Amanye ama-analgesics angama-topical aqukethe imithi ebuhlungu ehlinzeka ngesikhumba, njenge-trolamine salicylate (i-Aspercreme). Ezinye ziqukethe isikhumba esicasulayo esingaphazamisa ubuhlungu bokubona, njenge-capsaicin.
Ukucabangela ukuphepha
Ungathatha uhlobo oluthile lwemithi yobuhlungu yesimo sakho, noma ungasebenzisa ezihlukahlukene kulabo abalwe ngenhla ukulawula ubuhlungu bakho. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenzekani, qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa imithi yakho njengoba kuqondiswe. Imithi eminingi yobuhlungu inezixwayiso zokusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa , kubandakanya eziningana zalabo abalwe ngenhla. Uma uthatha imithi eminingi yemilenze, qiniseka ukuthi ukwazisa udokotela wakho ukuze akwazi ukukuxwayisa kunoma yiziphi izinkinga ezingenzeka.
Imithombo:
I-American Chronic Pain Association. Imishanguzo ye-APCA kanye nobuhlungu obungapheli: Isongezo 2007 . http://www.theacpa.org/documents/ACPA%20Meds%202007%20Final.pdf.
I-Merck Manuals Medical Library Library. Ubuhlungu: Ukwelashwa. https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/pain/treatment-of-pain.