I-Cancer yolimi yenza amaphesenti angu-2 azo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza, kodwa izimo ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba. I-Cancer yolimi ikwenzeka kaningi emadodeni kunabesifazane futhi ayivamile lapho ingaphansi kweminyaka engama-40.
I-Cancer yolimi ngokuvamile iwela ezinhlokweni ezimbili noma izinhlobo zomdlavuza; umdlavuza womlomo noma oropharyngeal. Kunezinxenye ezimbili zolimi.
Iningi lalo liyingxenye ovame ukuyibona futhi ingahamba ngokuzithandela. Uma umdlavuza uvela kule ngxenye yolimi, ngokuvamile ubizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza womlomo .
Ngesinye isikhathi ingxenye engaphansi yesithathu yolimi ibizwa ngokuthi isisekelo solimi. Kuseduze kakhulu nomphimbo wakho (pharynx). Uma umdlavuza uvela kule ngxenye yolimi, ngokuvamile ubizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza we-oropharyngeal. Lona yingxenye yolimi lwakho oluxhomeke kakhulu kwezinye izicubu ngakho-ke angeke ludluliselwe ngokuzithandela. Futhi awukwazi ukubona isisekelo solimi lwakho.
Njengezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, umdlavuza welimi uphinde uhlukaniswe uhlobo lwamacubu avela kuwo. Ama-squamous cell, isibonelo, ahlala isikhathi eside, flat, amangqamuzana angenawo wonke amakhekhe olimi. I-cancer evela ku-squamous cell tissue ibizwa ngokuthi i- squamous cell carcinoma . Umdlavuza welulwimi oluningi yi-squamous cell carcinoma, nakuba kunezinye, ezingavamile, uhlobo lomdlavuza wolimi; baqanjwa ngamathambo noma isakhiwo esivela kuzo.
Izimbangela
I-Cancer kwenzeka uma amanye amaseli akho eqala ukukhula ngokungavamile futhi ngokushesha kakhulu. Izinto eziningi zingabangela noma zandise amathuba okuba nomdlavuza . Izinto ezikwaziwa ukwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza welimi zihlanganisa:
- Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala
- Utshwala usebenzisa
- Ukufuna i-betel quid ne-gutka
- Ukutheleleka kwe-Human papillomavirus (HPV)
- Ubulili besilisa
- Ubudala
- Izinhlobo ezithile zezakhi zofuzo ze-anemia
- Isimo esibizwa ngokuthi isifo se-graft versus host , esenzeka kwezinye iziguli ezithinta izibalo ze-stem cell
Izimpawu
Izimpawu zomdlavuza wolimi zingabandakanya:
- Kunzima ukugwinya noma ukukhuluma
- Umzwa wokuthi kukhona into emqaleni wakho (inqwaba noma isisindo)
- Umphimbo obuhlungu
- Ama-patches omhlophe noma obomvu olimini lwakho
- Umzwelo wokuzibulala emlonyeni wakho
- Ukusuka okungaqondakali kusuka olimini lwakho
Ngokuvamile, izimpawu zomdlavuza wolimi zingabuye zihlanganise ubuhlungu bezindlebe .
Nini Ukubiza Udokotela Wakho
Kumele ubize udokotela wakho noma kunini uma unempawu zomuthi womuthi ongacacisiwe. Qiniseka ukuthi uvakashele udokotela wamazinyo njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha njengoba udokotela wamazinyo kungenzeka abe ngumuntu ongenakwenzeka ukuba abone okungaqondakali emlonyeni wakho naselulwimi lwakho.
Ukuxilongwa
Uma unezimpawu zomdlavuza welimi ongahambi, bheka udokotela wakho. Uma udokotela wakho esho umdlavuza womlimi, angase ahlele ukuhlolwa okukodwa noma ngaphezulu ukuyihlola. Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela basebenzisa i-tube encane, encane nekhamera kuyo (ebizwa ngokuthi i- laryngoscope eguquguqukayo ye-fiberoptic ) ukuze ibone ngemuva komlomo bese ihlola amantombazane e- lymph kule ndawo. Kungenzeka ukuthi ama-biopsies we-tissue ayadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa nohlobo lomdlavuza wolimi (isibonelo, cell squamous).
Ukwelapha
Kunezindlela ezintathu zokuphatha umdlavuza wolimi, futhi zingasetshenziswa zodwa noma zihlangene. Abantu abahlolwe ekuqaleni bangahle badinge ukwelashwa kuphela, kanti labo abanomdlavuza ophakeme kakhulu bangadinga ezimbili noma zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zokwelashwa.
Izinhlobo ezintathu zokwelashwa ezisetshenziselwa umdlavuza wolimi yilezi:
- Ukuhlinzwa: Ukususwa kwesisu esinomdlavuza kanye nezicubu ezizungezile
- I-Radiotherapy: Isebenzisa izinhlayiya eziphezulu zamandla ezivela ezakhiweni zomsakazo ukubulala amangqamuzana anomdlavuza asele ngemuva kokuhlinzwa
- I-Chemotherapy: Isebenzisa izidakamizwa ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana namathisini omdlavuza (izinhlobo ezimbili ezijwayelekile kakhulu zamakhemikhali e-chemotherapy ziyi-cisplatin ne-fluorouracil)
Mayelana ne-Human Papillomavirus
I-HPV igciwane elibangela umdlavuza wesibeletho futhi, ngokungajwayelekile, nezinye izinhlobo zamanqamu njengelulwimi kanye nomdlavuza we-tonsil . Igciwane lisakazwa ngomsebenzi wocansi, kufaka phakathi ucansi lomlomo. Ngokusho kwamaCentral for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), amaphesenti angu-50 amadoda nabesifazane bayokwelashwa nge-HPV ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yabo. Ukwanda kwamuva kwekhanda lekhanda lekhanda kuye kwachazwa kulolu gciwane. Nakuba umdlavuza wolimi wawungavamile kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-55, i-American Cancer Society ithi umdlavuza we-oropharyngeal unganda kubantu abancane ngenxa yamagciwane e-HPV axhumene nawo. Ukutheleleka kwe-HPV akuhlali kuba nomdlavuza.
Imishanguzo ye-HPV iyatholakala kepha kufanele inikezwe ngaphambi kokuba umuntu osemusha asebenze ngokocansi. Akukatholakali ukunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza womlomo nangomphimbo kodwa ukholelwa ukuthi lokho kuyakwenzeka.
Isibikezelo
Uma kuthiwa unomdlavuza wolimi, udokotela wakho angakunikeza ukubikezelwa-ukuqonda inkambo ebonakalayo yesifo sakho. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi abanye abantu abanokukhubazeka kakhulu abakwazi ukuphulukiswa ekuguleni kwabo, kuyilapho abanye abanezifo ezinhle kakhulu bengase bahlulwe. Isibikezelo "kuphela ukuqagela okufundisiwe" okusekelwe olwazini ngeziguli ezinezifo ezifana nezakho. Akusibikezeli ukuthi lokho okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho kuyoba khona.
Ngokuvamile, uma umdlavuza wolimi utholakala esiteji sokuqala, ungaphulukiswa, kodwa lokhu kungabonakali isikhathi eside uma ukhona futhi ungakhambi ukwelashwa. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, uma unesifo somdlavuza womlimi, kufanele ubone udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
> Imithombo:
> I-Genital Infection Infection - I-Fact Sheets. Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. https://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/stdfact-hpv.htm.
> I-Oral Cavity ne-Oropharyngeal Cancer. I-American Cancer Society. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer.html.