Ukwelashwa okuqondiswe usayizi, isigaba, nendawo yesikhumba
Umdlavuza weColon ngumdlavuza wesithathu ovame kakhulu e-US, ukubalwa kwamacala angu-110 000 ngonyaka. Ngokudabukisayo, kuyisizathu sesibili esibangela ukushona komdlavuza phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane.
Ngezinye izikhathi umdlavuza wekoloni igama lisetshenziselwa ngokungafani nomdlavuza wokugcoba , owokugcina okubandakanya kokubili i-colon ne-rectum eseduze. Eminye imikhakha yegciwane elibhekene ngqo ne-rectum, cishe amacala angu-40,000 atholakala ngonyaka.
Umdlavuza weColon akuyona nje uhlobo olulodwa lomdlavuza. Kuhilela izinhlobo eziningi zokuhlukumezeka ezihluka endaweni yabo, isakhiwo seseli, izimpawu, kanye nesivinini sokuqhubeka. Lezi zingxabano zingaqondisa indlela ukwelashwa okuhanjiswa ngayo futhi usize odokotela babikezele ukuthi kungenzeka yini lesi sifo.
Izinhlobo ze-Cancer Tissue Types
Amagciwane e-Colon ahluke kakhulu ngokwezinhlobo zezicubu ezihilelekile. Ukuthi, ngokubambisana nendawo ye-tumor, kungashintsha indlela umsebenzi osebenza ngayo, okwenza kube nezimpawu ezicacile futhi ezivamile.
Ezinye ze-khansa azivamile kakhulu kunezinye futhi zingase zibe nzima ukuzixilonga, noma ngenxa yendawo yabo noma ukungabi khona kwazo kwesakhiwo esichazwe ngokucacile. Kungenxa yalezi zizathu ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zemdlavuza zivame ukubonakala uma zihamba phambili futhi zinzima kakhulu ukuphatha.
Ngokuphelele, umdlavuza ungahlukaniswa ngokubanzi kanje:
- I-carcinomas yi-cancers yamaseli e-epithelial afaka imigodi nezakhiwo ezingenalutho.
- I-Sarcomas ithinta izicubu ze-mesothelial ezihlanganisa izitho.
- I-Myelomas ithinta amangqamuzana omzimba omzimba okuthiwa ama-plasma cells.
- Ama-leukemia angamagciwane egazi elimhlophe elibizwa ngokuthi i-leukocytes.
- I-Lymphomas ithinta amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi okuthiwa i-lymphocytes.
- Izinhlobo ezixubile ezibandakanya izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli.
Izinhlobo zeCaron Cancer
Ngokusekelwe ezingxenyeni ezibandakanyekile, ukwelashwa kwamakholoni kuqhutshelwa phansi ngaphansi kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kanye nama-subtypes, ngasinye sinokuziphatha kwabo okuhlukile kanye nezici:
- I-Adenocarcinomas yihlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wekolon, kubalwa amaphesenti angama-90 kuya kwangu-95 okutholakele. Lezi zomshukela zitholakala ezigungwini zokuvimbela ama-mucus-colon. Ngaphandle kwe-adenocarcinomas ejwayelekile, kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezinama-subtypes: ama-mucinous adenocarcinomaswhich akhiqiza ama-mucus amaningi futhi athambekele ekusakazeni ( metastasize ) masinyane, futhi afaka izindandatho ze-adenocarcinomas ezingavamile kakhulu futhi zibhekwa njengento enobudlova.
- I-Leiomyosarcomas iqala emangqamuzaneni aphefumulayo e-colon futhi aqukethe ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angaphansi kwamabili e-malignancies yamakholoni. Izimpawu, kuhlanganise nobuhlungu nokuphuma kwegazi, zivame ukuba khona lapho umdlavuza usuvele uhlelekile. I-Leiomyosarcomas ingaba yinto engalindelekile futhi ibe nesilinganiso esiphakeme sokuphindaphindiwe. Ayiphenduli kahle kumakhemikhali noma imisebe futhi isuswe kahle uma iyingcosana.
- I-Colorectal lymphomas ayinqamile futhi kungenzeka ukuthi iqale ku-rectum kunekholoni. I-Non-Hodgkins lymphoma ibhalela cishe amaphesenti angu-0.5 azo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza we-colorectal futhi ngokuvamile ikhonjiswe ngezifo eziphambili.
- I-Colorectal melanomas nayo ingavamile futhi ijwayele ukutholakala emgqeni njengomdlavuza wesibili (obangelwa ukusabalalisa komdlavuza kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba). Ngokuvamile, zi-akhawunti engaphansi kwamaphesenti angaphansi kwamabili ekhansela ekoloni nasemgqeni
- Izicubu ze-Neuroendocrine zilandisa cishe ngamaphesenti angu-4 ama-cancer angama-colorectal Lezi zicubu zivela ezinhlobonhlobo zesishukela sezinzwa. Zihlehlisiwe zibe yizigaba ezimbili: izicubu ezinonya ezinama-neuroendocrine ezivame ukusabalalisa ngokushesha futhi zibe nesifo sokuhlushwa okungavumelani nezicubu ze-neuroendocrine ezingenasidingo ezisheshayo futhi ezingenasidingo.
- Izicubu zesisu ezinamazinyo (GISTs) ziqala kusuka kumaseli akhethekile ekoloni okuthiwa amangqamuzana aphakathi kweCajal. Zitholakala noma yikuphi emgqeni wokugaya kepha azijwayeleki kolononi. Ezinye zalezi zicubu zinomdlavuza kanti ezinye ziyizinyosi.
Iphi Amakhansela Amakholoni Angaphezu Kakhulu?
Ngenkathi umdlavuza ungathuthuka kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yekoloni, kunezindawo ezithile lapho izidumbu zingase zibonwe khona.
Lokhu okuphenyweni okuningi kuzogxila ngesikhathi se- colonoscopy yesiqhelo . Ukusuka ku-valve yeocaecal (okuyinto ehlukanisa intombazane encane kusuka kolononi) ngase-rectum, ingozi yomdlavuza yendawo kanje:
- I-valve Ileocaecal: amaphesenti amabili
- Ukukhuphuka kolononi ne-caecum: amaphesenti angu-20
- I-colon ehambayo: amaphesenti ayishumi
- Yehla kolononi: amaphesenti angu-5
- I-Rectum ne-sigmoid colon: amaphesenti angu-55
Ngokusekelwe kohlobo, isiteji, nendawo yomdlavuza, odokotela bangakwazi ukunquma indlela engcono yokwelashwa ukuze baphilise lesi sifo noma ukuphatha kangcono izimpawu uma umdlavuza ungatholakali.
Umthombo:
> National Cancer Institute. "I-Colon Cancer Treatment (PDQ) - I-Health Professional Version." I-Bethesda, e-Maryland; ibuyekezwe ngo-Agasti 19, 2017.