I- Ebola igciwane elikhathazayo ngokwezempilo. I-Ebola ingaba yingozi futhi ingathinta amehlo. Ucwaningo lwe-Ebola osindile lubonisa ukuthi igciwane lingaphila kanjani ngaphakathi kweso isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezimbili ngemuva kokwelashwa nokubuyiswa.
Yini Ebola?
I-Ebola igciwane elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza iqembu legciwane elibangela ukushisa komzimba. Ukushisa komzimba kusho ukuthi umuntu uyagula futhi aphule ngaphakathi nangaphandle komzimba. Izimpawu zihlanganisa umkhuhlane, ubuthakathaka bomzimba, ubuhlungu bomphimbo kanye nezinsizwa. Ngeshwa, igciwane linesikhathi eside sokukhushulwa (phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-8-21) ukuze umuntu angenelele ngaphambi kokubonisa noma yiziphi izimpawu noma izimpawu. Njengoba umuntu olelekile eba yisifo, izinso nesibindi umsebenzi kunganciphisa futhi ukuphuma okuphawulekayo kungaqala ngaphakathi komzimba.
I-Ebola igciwane ikakhulukazi emazweni ase-Afrika. Igciwane le-Ebola laqamba igama layo kusukela emfuleni we-Ebola lapho kutholakala okokuqala ngo-1976. Amagciwane e-Ebola atholakale emantanjeni e-Afrika futhi mhlawumbe nasePhilippines, futhi kukhona ukuqubuka kwesinye isikhathi sokutheleleka kubantu. I-Ebola enegazi elimnyama livela ikakhulukazi e-Afrika eRiphabhuliki yaseCongo, eGabon, eSudan, e-Ivory Coast nase-Uganda. Kungenzeka kwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika.
Ukutheleleka kwe-Ebola
Ungatheleleka nge-Ebola ngokuxhumana ngqo negazi noma emzimbeni womzimba womuntu ogulayo ngesifo. Usengakwazi ukuthola lesi sifo kumuntu osanda kufa ngenxa ye-Ebola. Izikhukhula zomzimba ezingasakaza igciwane zifaka umchamo, amathe, ukujuluka, ukuhlanza, ubisi lwebele, isilwane noma udoti. Ungaphinde uxhumane ne-Ebola ngokuhlangana nezinaliti nemivimbo engcolisiwe ngamanzi omzimba. Nakuba kungavamile, umuntu angaphinde afakwe igciwane ngokuhlangana nezilwane zezithelo, ama-apes nezimbongolo ezithwala lesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, igciwane le-Ebola aliyona umoya.
I-Ebola kucatshangwa ukuthi ingenye yegciwane elibulalayo kakhulu emhlabeni wethu ngezinga lokushisa lama-50-90 amaphesenti. Ngalesi sikhathi, ayikho ikhambi noma umuthi wokugoma wesifo. Abanye abantu bangaphila ngokunakekelwa okwelashwa okufanele, kodwa bangaba nezinkinga zempilo ezihlala isikhathi eside ngemuva kokuphulukisa.
Ebola kanye Amehlo
Esicwaningweni esabika eNew England Journal of Medicine, abacwaningi baphatha udokotela waseZimbabwe nomakhelwane waseMelika otheleleke nge-Ebola ngenkathi elapha iziguli eziphethwe yi-Ebola virus. Njengoba udokotela ephulukisa, waba ne- uveitis ejulile futhi ukucindezeleka kweso lakhe kwaphakama. Uveitis ukuvuvukala noma ukuvuvukala kwe-eyea eye. I-uvea ifaka phakathi kweso, phakathi kwe- sclera ne-retina. Izimpawu ze-uveitis zingase zivele ngokuzumayo. Iso ngokuzumayo liba bomvu, libuhlungu futhi lizwele ekukhanyeni. Udokotela wayephathwa nge-steroid ye-topical kanye nokucindezeleka kweso lokunciphisa imithi. Iso lakhe laphulukiswa futhi umbono wakhe wabuyela ekujwayelekile.
Cishe izinyanga ezimbili emva kokukhishwa kwakhe, udokotela wahlolisisa amehlo e-Emory Eye Centre, amasonto ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye ngemuva kokuba igciwane lisuswe ngokuphelele egazini lakhe. Phakathi nokuhlolwa, odokotela benza inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-anterior chamber paracentesis. (Paracentesis ukukhipha uketshezi, okuthiwa i-aqueous humor, ukusuka ekamelweni langaphambili leso.)
Ngemva kokutadisha uketshezi olususwe, abacwaningi bathola igciwane eliphilayo e-Ebola esweni elibhekene ne-uveitis. Kodwa-ke, kutholakale ukuthi amasampula ezinyembezi kanye nezicubu ezihlangene zivivinywe kabi nge-Ebola. Lokhu kuyakhuthaza ngoba kuphakamisa ukuthi iziguli eziphulukisa e-Ebola azikho engozini yokusabalalisa isifo ngokuxhumana okuvamile.
Okufanele Ukwazi
I-Ebola yisifo esibi esingathinta amehlo akho. Ukuqapha okukhethekile kufanele kuthathwe ngemuva kokuthi abantu babonakale behlengwe ngokugcwele ku-Ebola. Abasebenzi bokunakekelwa kwezempilo kufanele bathathe izinyathelo ezikhethekile zokuqapha futhi basebenzise imishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu, ikakhulukazi labo abasebenzisa izibonelo ze-laboratory kanye nezidakamizwa zezokwelapha, ukuze bagweme ukutheleleka ngegciwane.
> Umthombo:
> Ukuphikelela kwe-Ebola Virus ku-Ocular Fluid Phakathi ne-Convalescence, i-Jay B. Varkey, et al., I- New England Journal of Medicine , ethi: 10.1056 / NEJMoa1500306, ishicilelwe ku-intanethi ngomhla ka-7 Meyi 2015.