I-Malaria iyisifo esithinta kakhulu, esithinta abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-200 emhlabeni wonke ngonyaka. Nokho, ukuxilongwa kwalo kungadinga amasonto ambalwa noma ngaphezulu ngenxa yezinselele ezimbalwa:
- Izimpawu ezingaqondakali, ezifana nezikhukhula zingase zibonakale zibonakaliso zokutheleleka kwegciwane eliphansi, elingenakubalwa kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.
- Isikhathi sokugxilwa isikhathi eside sisho ukuthi uma usuvele ubhekene ne-malaria ngokusebenzisa ukulunywa umiyane, ngeke ubone izimpawu zamasonto ambalwa noma izinyanga, ngokuvamile emva kokuba kuvezwe isimo sezulu esishisayo futhi umkhokotshi ukhohliwe.
Izibonakaliso eziningana zomtholampilo ziwuphawu lokwehlavalaza, kanti uma lezi zibonakaliso zenzeka, ukuhlolwa okuthembekile okuhlolisisa kungakuqinisekisa ukuthi ngabe unesifo esithathelwe yi-parasite noma cha.
Ukuhlola Ukuzihlola Nekhaya
Ungafunda ukuqaphela izimpawu zakuqala ze-malariya ukuze ukwazi ukuzithola wena noma othandekayo bakho bahlolwe ukuze babone ukuthi une-infection.
Umlando Wobungqingili Bomuthi
Uma ngabe unemiyane ehlabayo endaweni lapho ukutheleleka kwe-malaria kwenzeka, lokhu kuphakamisa amathuba okuthola igciwane.
Isifo Esinjengezifo
I-Malaria ichazwa njengokugula okunjengokukhukhumeza, ngokuhlanganiswa kwezimpawu ezingabandakanya imfiva, ukukhathala, ikhanda, imisipha yomzimba, isisu esithukuthele, ukuhlanza nokuhuda. Uma ubona lezi zimpawu amasonto ambalwa noma izinyanga ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuthi uhlaselwe yi-malaria, kufanele utshele udokotela wakho.
Ama-Cycles of Fever, ama-Chills, ama-Sweats, nokushayisana
I-malaria ivame ukubonakala ngenxa yesibonelo se-cyclic fever.
Ungase uthole ama-fever alternating and chills ngemigqa engakwazi ukuhlala kuphi kusuka emahoreni angu-10 kuya kwangu-35.
Ama-Labs nezivivinyo
Kunezivivinyo eziningi zegazi ezingasiza ekuxilongweni kwe-malaria. I-parasite ngokuvamile ihlala ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana egazi obomvu emzimbeni, kanti ezinye izivivinyo zingakwazi ukukhomba imvelo ngokwazo, kuyilapho ezinye izivivinyo zingathola amakhemikhali abonisa ukutholakala komzimba ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho.
Qedela i-Blood Count ne-Chemistry Profile
Amazinga wegazi kanye namazinga e-electrolyte angabonisa eminye imiphumela ye-malaria, njengokuvuvukala, ukuphazamiseka kwegazi, nokuhluleka kwezinso.
Ukuhlolwa okuncane
I-smear yegazi iyindlela yokubuka isampula yegazi, efakwe kwisilayidi futhi ihlolwe ngaphansi kwesikhampasi. I-parasite ibonakala lapho isampula legazi likhonjiswa ngombala okhethekile, i-Giemsa stain.
Uma une-blood smear engafanele lapho i-parasite ingabonakali khona, lokhu akusho ukuthi awunayo igciwane. Uma kunesizathu esinamandla sokucabanga ukuthi une-malaria, ngokuvamile kunconywa ukuphinda i-blood smear ukuze uzame ukukhomba ama-parasite.
Ukuhlolwa Okusheshayo Kokuhlola (RDT)
Isivivinyo esingabonisa ukutholakala kwama-parasite ngokushesha, i-RDT inezinzuzo ezithile kanye nezinye izimo ezingalungile. Akudingi uchwepheshe ukuthi akhohlwe futhi ahlole isampula encane, kodwa kuyabiza futhi kuthathwa njengembile kunemibono encane.
I-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
I-PCR ingabona ukuthi kukhona i-malaria ye-genetic material ye-parasite e-sampuli yegazi ethathwe kumuntu onegciwane. Kuthathwa njengesivivinyo esibucayi kakhulu, kodwa imiphumela ingathatha izinsuku eziningana.
Isivivinyo sidinga isikhungo esibonakalayo se-laboratory futhi siyabiza kakhulu kunezinye izivivinyo zegazi ezijwayelekile ze-malaria.
Ukucabanga
Ngokuvamile, ukuhlolwa kwegazi yizona zivivinyo ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu nge-malaria ngoba i-parasite ihlasela amangqamuzana egazi abomvu futhi ayibonisi kalula ekufundweni kwe-imaging.
I-Brain CT noma i-MRI Brian
Kwezinye izimo, njenge-malaria ye-cerebral, isifo esibucayi lapho i-malaria isakazeka khona ebuchosheni, ukuhlolwa okungenasidingo njengokwengqondo ye-CT noma i-MRI kungasiza. Kulezo zimo, ukucabangela kobuchopho kungabonisa ubukhona bokuvuvukala kobuchopho, kanye nezindawo ze-hemorrhages ezincane kanye nokushaya, lapho amasu okulanda okulandelwayo angenziwa khona.
Ukuhlonza okuhlukile
Kunezinye izimo eziningana ezabelana ngezinye zezibonakaliso zemitholampilo ezibonakaliswa nge-malaria. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlolwa kwezifo kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalezi zimo kanye ne-malaria.
Ukutheleleka ngegciwane
Njenge-malaria, igciwane lesandulela ngculazi kanye nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo ezibangelwa igciwane kungabangela nanoma iyiphi inhlanganisela yemfiva, izikhukhula, ukucasuka kwesisu, isicashu, ukuhlanza, ukukhwehlela nokuphefumula. Umehluko wukuthi i-malaria inezokwelapha ezithile ezingaphilisi ukutheleleka kwegciwane.
Esikhathini esiningi, uma unegciwane lesandulela ngculaza noma ukutheleleka kwesinye igciwane, cishe uzothola imithi kuphela ngenxa yezimpawu, hhayi igciwane. Ukwelashwa okwelapha igciwane lesandulela ngculaza ngokwayo akusizi ukuthuthukisa noma ukwelapha imilaria.
Sepsis
I-Sepsis iyisifo esandulela umzimba wonke, sithinta igazi futhi sibangela izimpawu eziningana ezifana nezifo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-malaria, ama-fever aphezulu, ama-chills, nokukhukhumeza. I-Sepsis ingathuthuka ukuze ibangele ukuhluleka komzimba, ukulahlekelwa kokuqonda, noma i-coma.
Lo umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-malaria kanye ne-sepsis wukuthi i-sepsis ivame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka kwama-bacteria okudinga ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic okubhekiswe kuma-bacteria, futhi i-sepsis ayithuthuki ngemithi ehlinzekwa nge-malaria.
I-Meningitis noma i-Encephalitis
Ukutheleleka okuhilela ubuchopho (encephalitis) noma isembozo esizungezile ubuchopho (meningitis) singabangela ukugubha, ubuthakathaka, izinguquko zombono, nokulahlekelwa ukwazi. I-cerebral malaria, njenge-meningitis ne-encephalitis, isifo esibi kakhulu esingabangela ukulimala okungapheli kwegazi.
Ngayinye yalezi zifo kufanele iphathwe ngezokwelapha ngelashwa layo elihlosiwe ukulawula nokuqeda imbangela yesifo.
I-Feengue Fever
I-Dengue nayo isifo esithathelwana ngumunyane, futhi, njenge-malaria, ibangela imfiva, ikhanda, nama-muscle aches. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalokhu ukutheleleka kanye ne-malaria ukuthi leyo dengue ivame ukuhambisana nokushayeka, kanti i-malaria ayikho. I-Dengue igciwane elinokwelashwa okuhlukile kunelase-malaria.
Ukungena kwe-Fever
Ukungena komkhuhlane kungukutheleleka okubangelwa amabhaktheriya adluliselwa ngokudla noma othintana nabantu, hhayi ngemimoya. Izimpawu eziningana zifana nezokwehlavalaza, kuhlanganise nemfiva, ukubola, ukukhathala, ukucasuka kwesisu, ukuhlanza nokuhuda.
Ukungena komkhuhlane kubangelwa i-anemia nokungajwayelekile kwezivivinyo zesibindi ekuhlolweni kwelabhutrikhi, kuyilapho i-malaria ibonakala ngokubonakala komzimba we-malaria nge-smear yegazi encane. Isizathu esithathelwanayo sihlukile, futhi izifo zidinga ukwelashwa okuhlukile.
Isifo Se-Cell Anemia Sickle
Ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-Malaria kanye ne- sickle cell anemia crisis, kubandakanya izigxoko zegazi emithanjeni yegazi encane nokuqhekeka kwegazi elibomvu. I-blood smear ingahlukanisa phakathi kwezimo.
Inkinga ye-sickle ye-anemia kanye ne-malaria iphathwa ngendlela ehlukile, ne-malaria efuna imithi yokulwa nama-parasite kanye ne-sickle cell crisis efuna ukumpontshelwa igazi kanye nokuphathwa kwe-oxygen.
> Imithombo:
> Calderaro A, Piccolo G, Montecchini S, et al. Ukusabalalisa okuphezulu kwe-malariya endaweni ehlukile: ukuqhathaniswa kwamathuluzi okuxilonga nomphumela wesiguli phakathi nohlolo lweminyaka emine (2013-2017). I-Malar J. 2018 Feb 5; 17 (1): 63. i-doi: 10.1186 / s12936-018-2218-4.
> Laktabai J, Platt A, Menya D, et al. Ipulatifomu yesayensi yezempilo yeselula yokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi nokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yokuxilongwa kwe-malariya ngabasebenzi bezempilo bomphakathi. PLoS One. 2018 Feb 1; 13 (2): e0191968. i-doi: 10.1371 / iphephandaba.pone.0191968. eCollection 2018.