Izimpawu ze-Toxoplasmosis

I-Toxoplasmosis akusona isifo esiyizwa ngakho konke, kodwa eyodwa ezosithinta cishe wonke umuntu waseMelika ngesikhathi esisodwa empilweni yakhe. Izimpawu ze-toxoplasmosis zivame ukuba mnene futhi zingabandakanya ubuhlungu be-muscle, umkhuhlane, ukukhathala, ikhanda lokukhwabanisa, kanye ne-lymph nodes, futhi ngezinye izikhathi zihlala amasonto. Kodwa-ke, eningi lamacala, kuzoba khona ambalwa, uma kukhona, izimpawu ezicacile zokutheleleka.

Lesi sifo siba sína kuphela lapho sidluliselwa kusuka kumama kuya kwengane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma lapho kwenzeka kubantu abane- HIV ekhulele . Kuzo zombili izimo, i- Toxoplasma gondii, i -parasite ebangela lesi sifo, ingavuna umonakalo omkhulu ebuchosheni, amehlo, amaphaphu, nezinye izitho ezinkulu. Phakathi kwalesi sizwe sabantu, uma singakhulumi, i-toxoplasmosis ingaholela ekukhubazekeni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo ngisho nokufa.

Izimpawu Ezivamile

Kubantu abanamasosha omzimba avamile, amaphesenti angaba ngu-90 we-toxoplasmosis azobe engabonakali ngokuphelele (ngaphandle kwempawu). Ngenxa yalokho, iningi labantu ngeke likwazi ngisho nokuthi selibhekwe.

Uma izimpawu ezinzima zivela, zizovame ukuba mnene futhi zingabandakanya:

• I-low-grade fever (ngaphansi kuka-100.4 ^o F)
• Izinwele
• Ukukhathala
• I-lymph nodes (i- lymphadenopathy )
• Ama-muscle aches (i-myalgia)
• Umzwelo jikelele wokungahloni (malaise)

Nakuba izimpawu ezingavamile ziba zimbi nakakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi zingaphikelela amasonto ekupheleni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngoba izimpawu zingekho ezingekho ngqo, zingase ziphuthele kalula ezinye izifo, ezifana nomkhuhlane , i- mononucleosis esithathelwanayo , noma isifo seLyme . Ngenkathi i-toxoplasmosis enobuhlungu ingahlukaniswa ngezinga elithile ngokungabi khona kwezimpawu ezithile (njengokukhwehlela, umkhuhlane, noma ukuqhuma), kungagcinwa kuphela ngokuhlolwa kwegazi noma ukuhlaziywa kwe- cerebrospinal fluid noma isampula yamathambo.

Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka, izivikelo zomzimba zomzimba zizoletha kancane kancane ngaphansi kokulawula. Lesi sifo sizohamba ngesigaba esilandelayo lapho ama-parasite enza i-cyst, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-bradyzoite, ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomzimba (kuhlanganise nobuchopho, inhliziyo, amehlo, isibindi namaphaphu). Ngaphandle kokuba izivikeli zomzimba zikhubazeke, ama-bradyzoites angahlala esimweni esiphelile isikhathi esiphila ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Izimpawu ezibangelwa ukubola

Ngenkathi i- T. gondii ivame ukudluliswa ngokudla okungcolile noma ngokuxhumana ngeso lengqondo ngomunwe wekati, ingadluliselwa kusuka kumama kuya kwengane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Lesi simo, esaziwa ngokuthi i-toxoplasmosis ebusweni, sithinta iningi lazo zonke izinkulungwane zokukhulelwa ezingu-10 e-United States, ngokusho kombiko ovela kwiKomidi le-American Academy of Pediatric of Infectious Diseases. Nakuba izigameko eziningi zibangelwa uma umama esanda kuthola igciwane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, amanye angase abe umphumela wokuvuselelwa kwesandulela-ngculazi esedlule (ikakhulukazi omama abane-HIV).

Ingozi Yokukhubazeka Okuzalwa

Ngenkathi ingozi yokudluliselwa kwe- T. gondii ivame ukwanda ngesikhathi sokugcina kokukhulelwa, ukulimala okungaba khona kungase kube mkhulu kakhulu ekuqaleni kwengxenye yokuqala. Yilapho amangqamuzana e-fetal stem asanda kuqala ukwenza ngokukhethekile futhi athuthuke abe ngamaseli obuchopho, inhliziyo, nezinye izitho.

Ukulimala ngalesi sigaba sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kungaba yingozi. Ezimweni ezingavamile, kungabangela ukukhubazeka okungaqondakali okuzalwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-microcephaly (lapho ingane izalwa khona nenhloko encane nobuchopho obungavamile) futhi i-macrocephaly (lapho ingane izalwa khona izalwa nenhloko enkulu nobuchopho).

Izimpawu Ezivamile

I-toxoplasmosis yama-congenital ingabuye yandisa ingozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu nokubeletha. Amaphesenti angama-50 amacala azoholela ekuzalweni okungakabiphi okuhambisana nesisindo sokuzalwa esincane, ngokuvamile lapho ingane isulele ngaphambi kweviki lama-24 lokubeletha.

Izinsana ezine-toxoplasmosis ezinzima zivame ukuba nezibonakaliso lapho zizalwa noma zizithuthukise ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala zokuphila.

Izimpawu eziningi zizoxhunyaniswa nezinkinga ezintathu ezibonakalayo ezimweni ezimbi, kuhlanganise ne-hydrocephalus ("amanzi ebuchosheni"), i-chorioretinitis (ukuvuvukala kwe- choroid ne-retina yeso), nokubalwa okungekho emthethweni (idiphozi engavamile ebuchosheni ngenxa yokutheleleka).

Izimpawu zingafaka:

• I-jaundice (i-yellowing yesikhumba namehlo)
• Ukuvota
• Uhudo
• Izinkinga zokudla, kuhlanganise nobunzima bokugwinya (i- dysphagia )
• Izinkinga ze-Blurring nezombono
• Ukuzwa ukulahlekelwa
• Izinkinga zokukhuluma (i- dysarthria )
• Inkinga ngokuhamba, ukusebenzisana, kanye namakhono okuhamba
• Ukubambezeleka kokuthuthukiswa
• Ukukhubazeka ngokwengqondo (okuncane kuya kwesibindi)
• Ukuzizwa

Izinkinga kubantu abane-HIV

I-Toxoplasmosis ayifuni neze abantu abanezimpawu zokuzivikela eziqinile. Kuyinto kuphela lapho isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sisongela ukuthi izici ezingathí sina zesifo zingavela. Yize lokhu kungenzeka kubamukeli bezitho noma abantu abaphathwa ngemithi yesifo somdlavuza (kokubili amaqembu abo aphethwe izidakamizwa ezithintekayo), iqembu elithinteka kakhulu yilokho okutholwe ukuthi une- AIDS .

Encephalitis Toxoplasmic

I-AIDS ichazwa njengesigaba sokutheleleka nge-HIV lapho umuntu anaphansi kwama- CD4 T-cell angu-200 (uhlobo lwegazi elimhlophe eliphakathi komzimba wokuvikela omzimba). Ngakho-ke, isimo esifana ne-toxoplasmic encephalitis (i-toxoplasmosis yobuchopho) ibhekwa njengengculazi -echaza , njengoba kungavamile ukubona ngaphandle kwesifo se-AIDS.

Ingqondo, empeleni, isitho esithintekayo kakhulu lapho uT. gondii eqala kabusha. Yisayithi lapho ama-bradyzoites angagcini nje kuphela kodwa aphikelela, ngokuvamile okuhlala isikhathi sokuphila. Ngaphandle kokuvikeleka kwamagciwane ukuzivikela, ubuchopho kanye nesistimu enkulu yezinzwa kungaba nzima futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungalimala kabi.

Izimpawu ze-encephalitis ye-toxoplasmic zihlanganisa:

• Izinwele
• Fever
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha
• Ukudideka
• Izinkinga zokukhuluma nenkumbulo
• Ukuzizwa
• Izinguquko zomuntu
• I-Dementia
• I-schizophrenia
• I-Coma

Ezinye izinkinga zezifo

Ubuchopho akuyona nje isitho esingathinteka yi-toxoplasmosis. Uma i- T. gondii iphinda ivuselele iso (i-toxoplasmosis eye-ocular), ingabangela ukufiphaza, ukubomvu, ubuhlungu bamehlo, ukuphuca ngokweqile, izindawo eziyimpumputhe ( izikrini ), nokuzwela okukhulu kokukhanya.

Ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu (i-pulmonary toxoplasmosis) kungabonakalisa nge-fever, ukuphefumula ( dyspnea ), ukuvuthwa kwesondo, ukuqina kwesifuba, nokukhwehlela okungakhiqizeki.

Uma ishiywe ingalashwa, i-toxoplasmosis kubantu abanesandulela ngculaza cishe izoholela ekufeni.

Nini Ukubona Udokotela

Njengoba abantu abaningi bengazi ukuthi bane-toxoplasmosis, cishe ngeke bafune ukunakekelwa futhi, ezimweni eziningi, ngeke neze badinge.

Kodwa-ke, uma ukhulelwe futhi uthola ukuthi unesifo samanje, kuzodingeka ubone udokotela ukuze unqume ukuthi ngabe ingane yakho isenwe yini. Lokhu kungabandakanya i-amniocentesis (lapho inaliti isetshenziselwa ukukhipha uketshezi esikhwameni se-amniotic ukuhlola ukutheleleka) noma i-ultrasound (ukuhlola izimpawu ezifana ne-hydrocephalus).

Uma kutholakala ukuxilongwa okunempilo, uzobe unqunywe ama-antibiotics ngesikhathi esisodwa phakathi nenyanga yesibili ukuze unciphise ingozi yengane yakho yokucindezeleka. Uma une-HIV, ungaqala ekuqaleni.

> Imithombo:

> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). "Izinambuzane - I-Toxoplasmosis (I-Toxoplasma Infection)." E-Atlanta, eGeorgia; Julayi 10, 2014.

> Lee, S. no-Lee. T. "Encephalitis Toxoplasmic in Patient nge Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome . 2017; 5 (1): 34-36. I-DOI: 10.1479 / btrt.2017.5.1.34.

> Maldonado, J. no-Read, S. "Ukuxilongwa, Ukwelashwa Nokuvimbela I-Toxoplasmosis Ebandayo E-United States." I- Pediatrics. 2017; 139 (2): e20163860. I-DOI: 10.1542 / ama-peds.2016-3860.

> McAuley, J. "I-Toxoplasmosis yangasese." J Izingane eziphuthumayo ze-Dis Soc. 2014; 3 (I-Suppl 1): S30- S35. I-DOI: 10.1093 / jpids / piu077.

> Park, Y. kanye noNam. H. "Izici Zemitholampilo Nokunakekelwa Kwe-Toxoplasmosis Ye-Ocula." I- Korean J Parasitol. 2013; 51 (4): 393-399. I-DOI: 10.3357 / kjp.2013.51.4.393.