I-Mononucleosis (mono) isifo esithathelwana ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza esithinta kakhulu intsha kanye nabantu abadala. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile kulawo maqembu ezinyakazayo ziyisifo somkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, izigulane zentanyane ezivuvukile, amathoni akhulisiwe, nokukhathala. Ezinganeni ezincane, kungenzeka kube nezimpawu ezincane kuphela noma akekho nhlobo. Abantu asebekhulile banamathuba amaningi okuba ne-jaundice futhi kungenzeka bangabi nesifo somzimba noma izigulane ezivuvukala.
Kuvamile ukuthi abantu babe nemincintiswano ehlukene yezibonakaliso ezivela emnene kuya ezinzima.
Izimpawu Ezivamile
Isikhathi sokutshala isikhathi se-mono cishe amasonto amane kuya kwanguyisithupha, okusho ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho ingase ingabonakali izimpawu kuze kube yinyanga emva kokuvezwa komunye umuntu onesifo. Ezinganeni eziningi kanye nentsha, i-mononucleosis iqala kancane kancane ngezinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu zampawu ezincane ezinjengokuphathwa ikhanda, ukushaywa indlebe nokukhathala .
Izimpawu zakudala ze-mono zilandela:
- Umphimbo obi kakhulu
- Ama-red, avuvukile amaphoyinti afakwe ku-pus
- I-gym gland (lymphadenopathy) entanyeni nasezimpungeni, kodwa futhi kungenzeka ekuguleni
- I-fever ephakeme kakhulu kunama-degrees angu-104 kuya kuma-degree angu-105 angadlulela amasonto amabili, futhi ngokuvamile iphakama ntambama noma kusihlwa
- I-malaise eqhubekayo nokukhathala, okungaba okubi kakhulu
- Imisipha ye-Achy nekhanda
- I-Rash efana ne-pink kanye nesimungumane, ebonakala njalo ngemuva kokuthatha ama-antibiotics
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezimpawu, ukuthi zinzima kangakanani, nokuthi bahlala isikhathi eside kangakanani kusuka komunye nomuntu. Ingane encane ingane encane kakhulu futhi ifinyelele lesi sifo. Izingane ezincane zingase zibe nezimpawu ezimfushane, ezincane ezihlala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje. Ezinganeni kanye nabantu abadala, i-mono idume ngokuhlala isikhathi eside, nakuba inkambo evamile imasonto amabili kuya kwamane kulelo qembu lobudala.
Ezinye izimpawu, njengokukhathala, zingaphelela amasonto amaningana ukuya ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile
Izimpawu ezingavamile ze-mononucleosis zihlanganisa ubuhlungu besifuba, ukukhwehlela, ukuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo ephakeme, imihlathi, ukuqina kwentamo, ukuphefumula nokuzwela ekukhanyeni. Ama-testicles avuvukile noma avuvukayo nawo angathuthuka.
Ipeni elikhulisiwe (i-splenomegaly) noma isibindi lingakhula ngemva kwamasonto amabili noma amathathu okugula. Ukwandiswa kwamapulangwe kubonakala cishe engxenyeni yamacala ngesikhathi sokugula. I-jaundice, eyenza i-tinge ephuzi esikhumbeni kanye nabamhlophe bamehlo, iyisibonakaliso sokubandakanya kwesibindi.
Izingane Ezincane
Izingane ezincane zivame ukuba nezibonakaliso ezinzima kakhulu ze-mononucleosis uma kuqhathaniswa nentsha kanye nabantu abadala. Usana lungase lungabi nampawu noma izimpawu ezinobumnene. Izingane ezincane ezine-mono zingase zithukuthele kancane futhi zinciphise ukudla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bangase babe nezimpawu zokutheleleka zokuphefumula eziphansi , ezifana nokukhwehlela, impumu egijima noma umkhuhlane omncane .
Ezinye izingane zinezimo ezingenasidingo noma ezingavamile ze-mono-ngokwesibonelo, zihlakulela i-gland ekhulisiwe kodwa ayikho isisu somkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane. Noma izibonakaliso kuphela eziba nazo ziyisifo somzimba noma umkhuhlane. Kunoma yikuphi, enye inkomba lezi zimpawu kungenzeka ngenxa ye-mono ukuthi zihlala isikhathi eside kunokuba zibonakala zijwayelekile.
Kungenzeka ungalokothi wazi ukuthi ingane ikhona mono ngaphandle kokuthi ihlolwe ngegazi eboniswa ukuthi i-lymphocytosis noma i-antibodies ebonakalayo ebonisa i-mono. Kamuva empilweni, ukuhlolwa okuhle kwegciwane le-Epstein-Barr (EBV) lingase liveze ukutheleleka okudlule. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi akukho ukwelashwa ngokuvamile okwenzelwa i-mononucleosis ngaphandle kokudambisa izimpawu, ngakho-ke akuzange kube khona ithuba lokungenelela kwezokwelapha.
Abantu abadala (40 nabakudala)
Abantu abadala asebekhulile bavame ukukhombisa ukuthi umkhuhlane uhlala isikhathi eside kunamaviki amabili futhi angeke ubonise ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zezingqungquthela ezivuvukile nokugwinya komphimbo. Izimpawu zabo zingaphikelela isikhathi eside.
Kungenzeka ukuthi babe nokuhlolwa kwe-jaundice ne-lab kuzobonisa izinga eliphezulu le-bilirubin namazinga e-enzyme yesibindi futhi inani labo elimhlophe legazi ngeke liphakanyiswe noma libonise ama-lymphocyte amaningi njengoba kubonakala kubantu abasha.
Izinkinga
Izinkinga ze-mono zingahlakulela futhi zingaba zimbi kakhulu. Zihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo.
- I-anemia: I- Mono ingabangela amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi efa futhi asuswe egazini lakho nge-spleen ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile. Umnkantsha wakho ungase ungakwazi ukuqhubeka nalokhu kunwetshwa okusheshayo okukhulu, okubangela ukuphazamiseka kwegazi.
- I-hepatitis ene-jaundice: Ukuvuvukala nokwandisa kwesibindi kuvame kakhulu kubantu abane-mono abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-35. Ukubandakanya kwesibindi kuvame ukuba mnene, kodwa akufanele uphuze utshwala ngenkathi unezimpawu ze-mono ngenxa yalokhu.
- I-spleen ephuphuthekile: I-spleen ingase ikhuliswe ngenxa ye-mono futhi, nakuba ingajwayelekile, ingahle ihlukane-okuphuthumayo okungabangela ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphakathi, okuvame ukwesaba ukuphila kwangempela. Kubalulekile ukuthi ugweme imidlalo yezokuxhumana kanye nemisebenzi eqinile uma une-mono, ngoba ingabangela le nkinga. I-spleen ayidingekile impilo enhle, kodwa ungase ube engozini enkulu yokutheleleka ngu- Streptococcus pneumoniae nezinye ezinye amagciwane uma isusiwe.
- Izinkinga zesimiso sezinzwa : Nakuba kungavamile, isimiso sezinzwa singathinteka yi-mono. Izinkinga ezihlobene nazo zihlanganisa i-Guillain-Barre syndrome, ukuhlukunyezwa, i-meningitis, nokukhubazeka kukaBell.
- Ukutheleleka kwe-Fulminant EBV: Kuyinto engavamile, kodwa abantu abanezifo zokuzivikela ezibuthakathaka ngenxa ye-HIV, ukwelashwa kwe-immunosuppressive for transplant organ, noma izifo ezihlobene ne-X-linked lymphoproliferative zingathola ukutheleleka okungalawulwa kwe-EBV futhi zifa nge-mononucleosis.
- Ukuvutha kwenhliziyo : Inhliziyo evamile kakhulu (nakuba isalokhu ingavamile) ukuxubana ne-mono ukuvuvukala kwe-sac enhliziyweni, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-pericarditis. Lokhu kungaholela ekufubeni kwe-atrial. Igciwane lingaphinde lithinte isisu senhliziyo futhi kubangele i-myocarditis.
Kukhona nezinkinga ezithile okumele uziqaphele amaqembu athile ngabanye:
Izingane
Ukuvimbela umoya ovela emathonini akhulisiwe kunokwenzeka ezinganeni ezincane futhi kungadinga ukunakekelwa esibhedlela. Udokotela wakho wezingane angenza iphutha lezimpawu ze-mononucleosis ngokutheleleka kwebhaktheriya (njenge-strep throat) futhi anikeze i-antibiotic, njenge-ampicillin, i-amoxicillin, noma ama-antibiotic anjenge-penicillin ahlobene nawo. Lawa ma-antibiotics ngeke asebenze ngoba i-mono yi-infection ye-viral. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezinye izikhathi izingane zihlakulela kabi ngenxa yemithi.
Abesifazane abakhulelwe nababelethayo
I-infonous mononucleosis ebangelwa igciwane le-Epstein-Barr ibonakala ingaba nethonya elikhulu emiphumeleni yokukhulelwa, nakuba kukhona ukulungiswa okungenzeka kube khona kanye nokulethwa kokuqala kanye nesisindo sokuzalwa esincane. Umama olindayo one-mono kufanele aqaphele ukuhlala kahle. Umkhuhlane omkhulu ungandisa ingozi kumntwana, kanti iTylenol (i-acetaminophen) inconywa ukunciphisa umkhuhlane.
Abanye besifazane baye bavuselela i-EBV ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kungenzeka ukuthi i-Epstein-Barr idluliselwe ekusaneni ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Kodwa-ke, izinsana ngokuvamile azikho izimpawu uma zine-EBV ukutheleleka, ngakho lokhu akuyona ukukhathazeka kwezempilo. Ubisi lwebele lungaba negciwane, kodwa akucaci ukuthi lokhu kungabangela ukutheleleka enganeni.
Nini Ukubona Udokotela
Kumele ubone udokotela uma unezibonakaliso ze-mononucleosis ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa nokulawula ezinye izifo ezingase zibe nezincomo zokwelapha ezahlukene. Ungathembeli ekuzihlungeni kwakho.
Ngaphandle kwe-EBV, amanye amagciwane angaletha izimpawu ze-mono-like . Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-cytomegalovirus (CMV), i-adenovirus, igciwane lesandulela-ngculaza (i-HIV), i-rubella, i-hepatitis A, ne-herpesvirus-6 yabantu. I- Toxoplasma gondii ye- parasite nayo ingabangela izimpawu ze-mono-like. Uma ukhulelwe noma ungakhulelwa, ezinye zazo ezinye izifo zingaba ingozi kuwe noma ingane yakho. Unganikezwa ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuthola imbangela yampawu zakho ze-mono.
Ngemuva kokutholakala ukuthi ungathola ezinye izifo ezidinga ukwelashwa. Ungathola umfutho we-strep phezulu kwe-mono, isibonelo. Uma wena noma ingane yakho inomkhuhlane omkhulu, owodwa, noma ama-tonsil avuvukala enza kube nzima ukuphefumula noma ukugwinya, bona udokotela wakho. Umgogodla we-Strep ungatholakala nge-test strep esheshayo. Ama-antibiotic ayadingeka ukuze aphulukise umthambo we-throat futhi agweme izinkinga. Kufanele futhi ubone udokotela uma kukhona ubunzima bokuphefumula ngenxa yamathani amancane.
Izimpawu zengubo ephukile zibandakanya ubuhlungu obusheshayo, bubuhlungu besisu esiseceleni kwesokunxele. Udinga ukufika esibhedlela ngokushesha futhi kufanelekile ukushayela u-9-1-1. Iphunga eliphukile ngokuvamile lidinga ukumpontshelwa igazi kanye nokuhlinzwa okwenziwe nge-splenectomy ukususa i-spleen futhi kumise ukuphuma kwangaphakathi.
Izimpawu ze-mono ngokuvamile ziba ngcono ngemva kwamasonto amane kuya kweziyisithupha. Uma beqhubeka, kufanele ubone udokotela wakho njengoba kungenzeka, empeleni, ukubhekana nendaba ehlukile. Udokotela wakho angenza izivivinyo ezengeziwe ukuze abone imbangela yezibonakaliso zakho.
Umthombo:
> I-Epstein-Barr Virus ne-Infectious Mononucleosis. Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. https://www.cdc.gov/epstein-barr/about-mono.html.
> I-Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) ne-Infectious Mononucleosis. I-American Association Ukukhulelwa. http://americanpregnancy.org/pregnancy-complications/epstein-barr-virus-ebv-infectious-mononucleosis/.
> Mononucleosis. Umtholampilo waseCleveland. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/13974-mononucleosis.
> Kaye KM. I-Mononucleosis ephathekayo. I-Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/herpesviruses/infectious-mononucleosis.
> Womack J, Jimenez M. Imibuzo Ejwayelekile Mayelana Nezifo Ezithathelwanayo Nge-Mononucleosis. I-American Family Physician . 2015 Mar 15; 91 (6): 372-376.