Ukubukezwa Kwezingqimba Eziyisikhombisa Nokuhlanganiswa Okubalulekile
Nansi ulwazi oluthile lokufunda ukuthi izinhlelo zezinzwa zezingane zithinta kanjani iqhaza kwimisebenzi yansuku zonke. Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha base- Occupational Therapy baqeqeshwe ukuqonda ukuthi izinhlelo zezinzwa zezingane zithinta kanjani ikhono labo lokubamba iqhaza emisebenzini yansuku zonke nemisebenzi, eyaziwa ngokuthi "imisebenzi". Ezinye izibonelo zingabandakanya imisebenzi yansuku zonke njengesikhathi sokudla, ukuhlanzeka, ukugqoka, ukudlala, ukuzijabulisa, ukufunda noma ngisho nokulala.
Uyazi ukuthi sinezinzwa eziningi kunezinzwa "ezinhlanu zokuqala" zokubona, ukuzwa, ukunuka, ukunambitha nokuthinta? Lezi zinsuku ezinhlanu zisitshela ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezinzwa ezivela ngaphandle komzimba. Kodwa kuthiwani ngezinzwa ezivela emzimbeni?
Kunezinzwa ezimbili " ezifihliwe " ezengeziwe ezifaka isandla kakhulu ekutheni sikwazi ukubamba iqhaza ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Lezi zihlanganisa umqondo wethu wokulinganisela nokuhamba (isimiso "se-vestibular") kanye nomqondo wethu wokuqwashisa umzimba (uhlelo "olufanele").
Ngokubili, zonke eziyisikhombisa kulezi zinzwa zenza ukuba ingane ikwazi ukuhlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo emisebenzini yansuku zonke. Basinikeza ulwazi mayelana nokuthi umzimba wethu uhamba kanjani nokuthi kwenzekani emhlabeni osizungezile.
Uma sithola ulwazi oluvela emzimbeni wethu nakwezemvelo, isimiso sethu sezinzwa (ubuchopho nentambo yomgogodla) kuthatha umsebenzi wokuhlela ngokushesha konke lokhu okufakayo ebuchosheni.
Ubuchopho buyakwazi ukuthumela izimpawu ezingxenyeni ezifanele zomzimba ukuze kusebenze izimoto ezifanele, ukuziphatha, noma izimpendulo zomzwelo (eyaziwa ngokuthi "impendulo evumelanayo"). Ngomqondo othile, ubuchopho bethu bufana nomqondisi wethrafikhi, ukuhlela imizwa yokusetshenziswa okuwusizo. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi " ukuhlanganiswa kwezinzwa " noma "ukucubungula izinzwa".
Kubantu abanokuhlanganiswa okungaqondakali, le nqubo ivele ngokuzenzakalelayo, engazi lutho, futhi iseduze ngokushesha. Ukukwazi ukucubungula izinzwa ngokuphumelelayo bese ukhiqiza izimpendulo ezisebenzayo noma izimpendulo zokuziphatha (ezaziwa ngokuthi "impendulo eguquguqukayo") kwenza izingane zikwazi ukulawula futhi zizwe nomuzwa wokuzethemba.
Manje njengoba usungulwe embonweni wokuhlanganiswa kwezinzwa, ake sibheke ukuthi isistimu ngayinye yezinzwa iyasebenza kanjani nokuthi ibangela kanjani impumelelo empilweni yansuku zonke yengane.
Uhlelo lweVestibular
Lolu hlelo lubangela umqondo wethu wokulinganisela nokunyakaza, futhi uhlala ngaphakathi endlebeni yethu. Isistimu yethu ye-vestibular ivuselelwa noma nini lapho ikhanda lethu liguquka khona, futhi liqhutshwa ngokuqhubekayo ngamandla okudonsela phansi (lezi zitholampilo ezithinta amandla ezinamandla nazo zenziwa ngethambo lesibindi, njengokusebenzisa ibhuloho yamazinyo eliduduzayo noma ukulalela umculo ngezinsipho ezinzima). Umqondo wethu wokugqoka unjengomaka "olapha" futhi usinikeza umqondo wokuthi siphi isikhala sesithathu. Izibonelo zemisebenzi ezibandakanya ukufakelwa kwe-vestibular zibandakanya ukuxuma, ukuphenya, ukugoqa, ukuguqula, ukukhanda ikhanda lakho ukugeza izinwele zakho, ngisho nokujikijela ukubopha izicathulo zakho.
Uhlelo lwe-vestibular uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi, olunamandla. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokufakelwa kwisistimu ye-vestibular ingaba ukucima, ukuxwayisa, ukuhlela, noma ukuhlukanisa, kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lokunyakaza nokuthi ingane izwela kanjani ukunyakaza. I-vestibular system "inezinhlobo eziningi ezihlobene nazo zonke ezinye izingxenye zobuchopho" , ukuvumela ukuthi kuhlangane nezinye izinhlelo eziningana zokuzizwa kanye nokuthonya ezinye izinto ezingekho ebhalansi ezifana nezimpendulo zemizwelo, izimpendulo zendlela yokugaya, kanye nokufunda kwezemfundo. Abaqeqeshiwe abaqeqeshiwe abaSebenzi be-Occupational Therapists bayazi ukuthi bangaziphi uhlobo lokufakelwa kwe-vestibular oludingekayo ukuze kusize ingane ibonise impendulo oyifunayo futhi ithuthukise ikhono labo lokubamba iqhaza kwimisebenzi esebenzayo.
Ukukhuluma ngokweqile, uhlelo lwe-vestibular lusiza izingane ukuthi zikwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha, iziqondiso ezihamba ngayo, nokuthi ngabe zihlelekile yini lapho zidlala, zihlanganisa, zifunda noma zihamba ngendlela yazo.
2. I-Proprioception Systyem
Lolu hlelo lubangela umqondo wethu wokuqwashisa umzimba. Imisipha namalunga ethu aqukethe izitho ezivulwayo noma nini lapho zisekwe noma zicindezelekile (cabanga ngesibonelo sokulenga ibha noma ukugxuma ku-trampoline). Uma isebenze, lezi zamukeli zithumela imiyalezo ebuchosheni mayelana nokuthi izingxenye zomzimba zethu ziyathutha kanjani. Ukuzivumela kusivumela ukwazi ukuthi izingxenye zomzimba zethu zihlobene kanjani (ngakho akudingeki siziqaphele njalo ngamehlo ethu) nokuthi singakanani amandla esiwasebenzisayo (ngakho singakwazi ukusebenzisana ngokufanele nemvelo yethu). Uma sinegunya lokungena ngaphansi, ukunyakaza kwethu kuzoba "okuhamba kancane, okunamandla, futhi kuhilela umzamo omkhulu". Ngaphezu kokusisiza ukuthi sithuthuke ngokwengeziwe, ukufaka okukufanele kungase kuzwe ukuthulisa, ukuhlela, noma ukubeka phansi. Ukukhuluma ngokweqile, uhlelo lokuziphatha luvumela izingane ukuba zenze izinto ezifana nokuhamba, ukujula, ukukhuphuka, umbala, ukusika, ukubhala, ukugqoka, nokuqinisa izinkinobho ngaphandle kokucabanga ngokucacile ukuthi izingxenye zomzimba zazo zingakanani noma ukuthi zingakanani amandla abadinga ukuzisebenzisa oda ukufeza umsebenzi oseduze.
3. Uhlelo Lokusebenza
Lolu hlelo lubangela umqondo wethu wokuthinta. Itholakala nge-receptors esikhumbeni sethu nasingaphakathi komlomo wethu. Uhlelo lokusebenza luyisimiso esikhulu kunazo zonke futhi luyisimiso sokuqala senzwa yokuthuthukisa ku-utero. Kusisiza ukuthi siyazi ukuthi sithinte yini into ethile (ukuzwa okuthinta inhliziyo) nokuthi yini esiyithinte (ukubandlulula). Ngaphezu kokuzwela nokubandlululwa, uhlelo oluthile lubuye lusinikeze ulwazi mayelana nokwahlukana phakathi "kokuthinta okulula" (njengokuthi uma ikati ihamba futhi idla umlenze wakho ngomsila wakhe) nokuthi "ukuthinta okujulile" (njengokubambisana ngokuqinile noma ukusikhipha ). Ukukhanya okukhanyayo (kufaka phakathi ukuthambisa okuthile) kungase kuzwe ukuxwayisa noma okushaqisayo, kanti ukuthinta okujulile kungase kuzwe kunciphisa noma kuhlelwe. Lokhu kuyiqiniso kokubili okufakwayo okuthinta isikhumba kanye nasemlonyeni (njengokungathi uma udla ukudla okuhlukeneyo). Ukukhuluma ngokweqile, uhlelo lokusebenza luvumela izingane ukuba zitshele ukuthi i-pizza iyashisa kakhulu noma iyinambitheka, ibekezelela ukuxubha amazinyo noma izinwele, khetha i-teddy bear noma ingubo abazizwa ngayo "yi-softest", noma ifinyelele ekujuleni kwesikhwama sabo ukuthola okudingayo ngaphandle kokubheka.
4. I-Visual System
Lolu hlelo lubangela umqondo wethu wombono, kodwa kungaphezulu nje kokukwazi ukubona ngokucacile! Amakhono okuqonda okubonakalayo asivumela ukuba sibone ukufana nokuhlukana phakathi kwezinto, futhi sigxile kulokho esikudingayo ukubona nokungazinaki lokho esingakwenza. Amakhono emoto okubonakalayo asisiza ukuba sithathe ulwazi olubonakalayo bese sithutha izandla zethu nomzimba njengoba kudingeka, ngokusekelwe kulolo lwazi. Amakhono okubona okubonakalayo nokubuka amakhono okubuka ngokuvamile athembele emakhono amakhono okulawula iso (owaziwa ngokuthi amakhono e-oculomotor) ukuze agxile futhi ahlole ngokubonakalayo kanye nalokho okwenzekayo endaweni ebonakalayo. Ukukhuluma ngokwedlulele, uhlelo olubukwayo lusiza izingane ukuthi zithole izingcezu ezidingekayo zokuqedela iphazili, zihlulele ukuthi zidinga kangakanani ukuphonsa ibhola, thola umngane endaweni yokudlala ematasa, ulandele ngenkathi ufunda noma uqedela iphepha lokusebenzela, ukopisha ebhodini, futhi bhala izincwadi zabo emigqeni kanye nobukhulu obufanele.
5. I-System Auditory
Lolu hlelo lubangela umqondo wethu wokuzwa kodwa, futhi, kuningi kakhulu kunokuba nje ukwazi ukuzwa! Isistimu yethu yokuhlola isebenza ngobuchopho bethu ukuthola ukuthi yimiphi imisindo ebalulekile nokuthi yiyiphi "engahle ahlelwe". Kumele futhi bakwazi ukusebenza ndawonye ukuze bathole ukuthi umsindo uvelaphi nokuthi bakusho ukuthini ukuze senze ngendlela efanele. Isistimu yethu yokuhlola ibuye isenze sikwazi ukukhuluma ngolwazi emvelweni wethu. Ukukhuluma ngokwanele, uhlelo lokuhlola lusiza izingane ukuthi zitshele ukuthi kukhona into ephakeme kakhulu, qaphela amagama ajwayelekile, unake futhi uhumushe ngokunembile imiyalo yomfundisi noma yomzali, uzwe ukuthi imoto ifika kubo esitolo sokupaka esitolo, futhi unqume ukuthi kuphi umngane wabo ubiza kusukela lapho egumbini elikhulu.
6. I-Olfactory System
Lolu hlelo lubangela umqondo wethu wephunga, futhi lithonya nomqondo wethu wokunambitha. Ukuthunga kungumqondo oyingqayizivele ngoba imiyalezo yayo isetshenziswe ngokuqondile ngengxenye yobuchopho bethu ehambisana nemizwelo kanye nenkumbulo engokomzwelo, eyaziwa ngokuthi uhlelo lwe-limbic. Ukukhuluma ngokweqile, uhlelo lwe-olfactory lusiza izingane ukuba zithole ukuthi amakhukhi ashiswa ngaphambi kokuba aphume ehhavini, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umama wenza ukudla kwabo okuthandayo, ukuthi ubisi lwabo lube lukhulu yini ngaphambi kokuba baphuze, nokuthi ngabe badinga yini noma cha ukugqoka i-deodorant noma ukugeza.
7. I-Gustatory System
Lolu hlelo lubangela umqondo wethu wokunambitha . Kubhekene nokuthola izinhlobo ezahlukene zama flavour ezifika emlonyeni naselulwimi. Ukukhuluma ngokwedlulele, uhlelo lokuvuthisa lusiza izingane zifunde ukuthanda ukudla, kanti futhi zigcina izinto eziphuma emzimbeni wazo ezingaba yingozi. Ukukhuluma ngokweqile, uhlelo lokuvuthisa lisiza izingane ukuthi zibone futhi zibone izinhlobonhlobo zama flavour ngenkathi zithuthukisa kakhulu izintandokazi (amakhukhi!) Nokudla okungenani okuthandayo (ama-broccoli) nokudla.
Uma unenkinga mayelana namakhono akho okucubungula izinzwa, futhi kubonakala sengathi kuthinta ikhono lakhe lokubamba iqhaza ezintweni ezithile zokuphila kwansuku zonke, sicela uxoxe ngalokhu okukhathazayo nodokotela wezinsizakalo eziyinhloko zokuthola ukuthi ngabe ukuhanjiswa kwe- Occupational Therapy ukuhlolwa Kunconywa. I-Psychotherapists ikhuluma ngezinselele zengqondo zezingane ukuze zihlanganyele ngokugcwele emisebenzini yansuku zonke, kubandakanya ukudlala, ukudla, ukulala, ukugqoka, ukuzilungisa, ukunakekela ukuhlanzeka, ukugeza, ukufunda, ukuxhumana nabantu nokuhlanganyela emndenini nasemphakathini.
Imithombo:
Ayres, AJ. Izinkinga ezibandakanya uhlelo lwe-vestibular. Ku: Ukuhlanganiswa Okuhlelekile Nezingane, I-25 Ye-Anniversary Edition. Izinsiza ze-Western Psychological; 2005: 61-86.
Ayres, AJ. Uhlelo lwezinzwa ngaphakathi: Ukuqonda ukuthi ubuchopho busebenza kanjani nokubaluleka kokuzwa. Ku: Ukuhlanganiswa Okuhlelekile Nezingane, I-25 Ye-Anniversary Edition. Izinsiza ze-Western Psychological; 2005: 27-44.
Ayres, AJ. Kuyini ukuhlanganiswa kwezinzwa? Isingeniso kumqondo. Ku: Ukuhlanganiswa Okuhlelekile Nezingane, I-25 Ye-Anniversary Edition. Izinsiza ze-Western Psychological; 2005: 3-12.
I-Bundy AC. Dlala i-theory nokuhlanganiswa kwenzwa. Ku: Lane S, Murray EA, Fisher AG (Eds.). Ukuhlanganiswa Okubhekayo: Inkolelo Nokusebenza . I-Philadelphia: FA FA; 2002: 227-240.
UDelaney T. Incwadi Yokuphendula Yokuziphendulela Eyisisindo: Impendulo Esebenzayo Yezihloko Eziphezulu Zama-250 Abazali Abazibuzayo . ENaperville, IL: i-Sourcebooks; 2008.
UChristie Kiley MA, i-OTR / L ingumuthi wezisebenzi, ogxile ekusebenzeni nezingane ezinenkinga yokuhlanganiswa kwezinzwa nokukhubazeka kwentuthuko. Unolwazi olusebenzayo ekusungulweni kokuqala (ukuzalwa kuze kube ngu-3), izikhungo ezisemtholampilo, nezilungiselelo ezisekelwe ezikoleni.