I-Monocytes Yenza Imisebenzi Yomzimba We-Immune
Ama-monocytes awuhlobo lwegazi elimhlophe. Njengamanye amangqamuzana egazi elimhlophe, ama-monocytes abalulekile ekusebenzeni kwamasosha omzimba ukubhubhisa abahlaseli, kodwa futhi ekuhlinzekeni ukuphulukisa nokulungisa. Ama-monocytes akhiwa emnothweni wamathambo futhi akhishwa egazini legazi, lapho ahamba khona izinsuku ezimbalwa. Bakha amaphesenti angaba ngu-5-10 amaseli egazini amhlophe ajikelezayo kubantu abanempilo.
Ama-monocyte cishe ayaziwa kakhulu ngendima yawo ekukhonzeni njengento efana nokugcina amabutho empi. Ezinye zazo zingase zibizwe uma kudingeka, ukwakha izandulela zenye ezinye izinhlobo ezimbili zamangqamuzana egazi omhlophe: ama-macrophage nezicubu ze- dendritic . Kodwa ama-monocytes anezinye izindima zokutheleleka nezifo, ezinye zazo azihlangene nama-macrophage nezicubu ze-dendritic.
Yini Engayenza I-Monocytes Enempilo Emzimbeni?
Kuze kube yamuva, indima eyinhloko yama-monocyte ibhekwa ukuthi iyayibona imvelo futhi igcwalise amanzi echibini lama-macrophages namaseli e-dendritic, njengoba kudingeka.
Manje sekuyaziwa ukuthi ama-subset ahlukahlukene we-monocytes anezimpawu ezihlukile, noma amamaki amaprotheni ngaphandle, futhi lawa ma-subset angase aziphatha ngendlela ehlukile. Izinhlobo ezintathu ze-monocytes zomuntu manje zichazwe:
- I-monocytes yama-classic iyingxenye engamaphesenti angu-80 yesamba samanye amazwe.
- Amaphesenti angama-20 asele angakwazi ukuhlukaniswa ngamathembo awo amaprotheni njenge
- ama-monocytes angewona ama-classic kanye
- I-monocytes ephakathi.
Uma kuziwa ezinhlobonhlobo ze-monocytes nokuthi zisebenza kanjani esimisweni somzimba sokuzivikela, abacwaningi basasebenza ngemininingwane, futhi okuningi okwamanje kuyaziwa ngama-monocyte wegundane kunama-monocyte abantu.
Amagama athi "ukuvuvukala" nokuthi "okuphikisanayo" nawo asetshenziselwa ukuchaza ama-monocyte womuntu, ngokusekelwe kumathegi amancane amaprotheni, noma ama-receptors, atholakala ngaphandle kwalawa maseli. Akukatholakali kubantu, kodwa-ke, yiliphi inani le-monocytes elihambayo ngokwanele lokungena nokuphuma kwezicubu, futhi ubufakazi bubonisa ukuthi kungase kube nezinhlobo zama-monocytes ezingangena nokugaya, noma i-phagocytize, abahlaseli kodwa ngaphandle kokugqugquzela ukuvuvukala.
Esikhathini
Iningi elithile lamakhocytes omuntu likholelwa ukuthi lifuduka libe yizicubu emzimbeni wakho lapho zingase zihlale noma zenze ama-macrophages enza imisebenzi ebalulekile yokulwa nokutheleleka nokuhlanza amaseli afile. I-spleen inezinhlobo ezinkulu ze "mononuclear phagocytes," kuhlanganise nama-macrophages, amaseli e-dendritic nama-monocytes. Ngale ndlela, i-spleen ingaba isayithi elisebenzayo le-immune system system .
Ukungavikeleki kwe-Innate
Ukuzivikela okungenalutho kubhekisela ekuzivikelweni okuzalelwa kuwo, hhayi ukuzivikela okuhloswe kakhulu okungase kube khona emva kwalokho, uthi, umuthi wokugoma noma emva kokuphulukisa kwesifo esithathelwanayo. Isivikelo somzimba sangasese sisebenza ngendlela ehlukene, kuhlanganise ne-phagocytosis nokuvuvukala. Ama-macrophage angakwazi ukuhlanganyela e-phagocytosis, inqubo abafaka ngayo futhi abhubhise ama-debris nabahlaseli.
Bangakwazi futhi "ukuthatha umhlalaphansi" noma yikuphi ubudala, bexwayise ngamaseli abomvu abomvu ngalendlela. Ama-Macrophages esiteji asiza ngokuhlanza igazi lezingcola namaseli amadala, kodwa futhi angasiza ama-T-lymphocytes aqaphela abahlaseli bangaphandle. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kubizwa ngokuthi isethulo se-antigen. Le ngxenye yokugcina, isethulo se-antigen, lapho i-immune system ihlala khona futhi lapho kutholakala khona noma kutholakale ukuthi izimpendulo zamasosha omzimba ezivela emlonyeni othile wangaphandle ziqala kuphi.
Ama-Monocytes Ukusiza Ukulwa Nokutheleleka Ngezindlela Ezihlukahlukene
Kusukela phezulu, siyazi ukuthi ezinye i-monocyte zishintsha zibe ama-macrophages ezicukwaneni ezinjengePac-Man, ezithinta ama-bacteria, ama-virus, ama-debris, nanoma yimaphi amangqamuzana afakwe igciwane noma agula.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-infantry ekhethekile, ama-T-cells, ama-macrophage atholakala ngokushesha ukuze aqaphele futhi ahlasele usongo olusha. Kungenzeka ukuthi bahlezi ezindaweni zabo ezivame ukuzithandayo, noma bangase basheshe baye emasimini okuvuvukala lapho kungadingeka khona ukulwa nesifo.
Amanye ama-monocyte aguqulwa abe amangqamuzana e- dendritic emavikini, lapho asebenza khona nama-T lymphocytes. Ama-Macrophages angabonisa ama-antigens kuma-T-amangqamuzana, kepha amangqamuzana e-dendritic asethwe njengabachwepheshe uma kuqhathaniswa nalo msebenzi.
Baqoqa ama-debris ekuqhekekeni kwama-bacterium, ama-virus, nezinye izinto ezingaphandle bese bezethulela kuma-T-cells ukuze bakwazi ukukubona futhi benze izimpendulo zomzimba kwabahlaseli. Njenge-macrophages, amangqamuzana e-dendritic akwazi ukuletha ama-antigens kuma-T-amaseli kumongo othile, njengokungathi uthi, "Hlola lokhu, ucabanga ukuthi kufanele senze okuningi ngalokhu?"
Ama-monocytes ku-Human Diseases
Uma unesifo segazi se-CBC esenziwa ngokubala okuhlukile, i-white cell cell monocytes ibalwa futhi inombolo ibikwa, kanye nokuthi yiziphi amaphesenti amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe angama-monocytes.
- Ukwanda kwama- monocytes kungaba umphumela wokutheleleka yi-bacteria, i-fungus, noma igciwane. Kungaba futhi impendulo ekucindezelekeni. Kwezinye izimo, ukubalwa okuphezulu kwe-monocyte kungase kubangelwe inkinga ngendlela umzimba wakho enza ngayo amangqamuzana egazi amasha, futhi kwezinye izimo, ukugqithisa kungenxa yokulimala, njengezinhlobo ezithile ze-leukemia.
- Amazinga aphansi ama-monocytes angabonakala ngemuva kwe- chemotherapy , ngokuvamile ngenxa yokuthi inani lakho lonke legazi elimhlophe liphansi.
Kubantu, i-monocytes iye yathinteka eziningana zezifo ezifaka ukutheleleka kwe-microbial, ukushuswa kanye nokulimala kwegciwane eliphuthumayo, ukukhubazeka kwamathambo, izifo zenhliziyo, izifo zesifo somzimba kanye nezifo ezizimele. Kodwa-ke, kanjani ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-monocytes ziziphatha ngezifo ezihlukahlukene zabantu zisengxenyeni yokucwaninga okusebenzayo.
Monocytes eListeria
I-Listeria monocytogenes yizinhlobo zebhaktheriya ezingabangela i-listeriosis, ukugula okuphawulekayo kokudla. Ukuqapha kukaListeria kungomunye wabaningi abanikezwa ngenkathi bekhulelwe, ngoba i-listeria ingabangela i-meningitis ezinsana; Oomama abakhulelwe bavame ukweluleka ukuba bangadli izinsizi ezithambile, ezingabamba i-listeria.
Kuvela ukuthi ama-monocyte angasiza ekulwa nokutheleleka, kodwa futhi angaba "amahhashi eTrojani," ngokuhambisa amabhaktheriya ebuchosheni, futhi lokho kukukhathazeka nge-listeria. I-listeria ingena ngaphakathi kwe-monocytes, kodwa-ke ama-monocyte ahluleka ukubulala amabhaktheriya futhi aphindwe.
Ama-monocytes e-Leukemia
Umzila wamaseli anika ama-monocytes angaba nokuphazamiseka futhi aphindwe ekulawuleni. I-leukemia ephelele ye-monocytic, noma "i-FAB subtype M5" isebenzisa uhlelo olulodwa lokuhlukanisa, lenye yefomu le -leukemia eliyingozi le-myelogenous . Ku-M5, amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-80 wamaseli aphethwe yi-monocytes.
Esikhathini esingenasifo se-myelomonocytic leukemia, noma i-CMML, kunezinombolo ezengeziwe ze-monocytes namaseli egazi angasetshenziselwa emnothweni we-bone futhi ejikeleza egazini. I-CMML inezici zezinkinga ezimbili zegazi ezihlukene, ngakho-ke zihlukaniswe ngokusebenzisa isimiso sezinhlelo ze-World Health Organisation njengezinhlanganisela: i- myelodysplastic syndrome / i-myeloproliferative neoplasm , noma i-MDS / MPN. Ingaphumelela ekubhekaneni ne-lemonemia emulonyeni wamaphesenti angu-15-30.
Ama-monocytes e-Lymphoma namanye amaKhansela
Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi i-monocytes ingaba nezenzo ezingathandeki maqondana nezicubu kanye nokuziphatha komdlavuza womndeni we-lymphocyte-white cell cell (lezi zifo ziyaziwa ngokuthi izifo ze-lymphoproliferative).
Ukutholakala kwama-macrophages nemisebenzi yabo emathunjini kuye kwahlotshaniswa nokuvumela amangqamuzana omzimba ukuba akhe ukuhlinzeka ngegazi futhi ahlasela futhi ahambe ngegazi. Esikhathini esizayo, lokhu kutholwa kungaholela ekwelapheni okuhloswe ukuthi kuhlolwe ama-macrophages ukuvimbela imetastasis nokukhula kwesisu.
Ngenxa yezifo ezihlukahlukene, abanye abahlengikazi sebeqala ukusebenzisa inani eliphelele le-monocyte njengendlela yokufaka ingozi, noma ukuhlaselwa okubi kakhulu ngaphambi kokwelashwa. Inombolo ekhuphukile yamonocytes ngaphezu kombindi othize ihlotshaniswa nomphumela ompofu kwiziguli ezine-T-cell lymphomas nesifo se-Hodgkin . Isilinganiso se-lymphocyte-to-monocyte singasiza futhi ukukhomba iziguli ezinobungozi obukhulu e-B-cell lymphoma enkulu kanye nomdlavuza we-metastatic umzila ongaphenduliwe.
Imithombo:
I-Tadmor T (2013) I- Monocytes, i-Monocytic Myeloid Ekhunjulwa Amaseli Ne-Lymphoma: Kanjani I-Knot ye-Tie? J Leuk (Los Angel) 1: e103.
Eigenbrod T, i-Dalpke AH. J Immunol. I-RNA ye-bacterium: Isisusa esingenakulinganiswa sokuphendula kwama-immune immune. 2015; 195 (2): 411-8.
I-Gui-Nan Lin, et. al. Ukubaluleka kokubikezela kwesilinganiso se-pre-chemotherapy lymphocyte-to-monocyte kwiziguli ezinomdlavuza we-metastatic wangaphambili ongaphenduliwe othola i-FOLFOX chemotherapy . " I-Can J Cancer . 2016 Dec; 35: 5.