Iyini incazelo ye-hemoglobin? Ziyini amazinga ajwayelekile futhi nini inombolo ephakeme noma ephansi? Kusho ukuthini uma unezinga elingavamile le-hemoglobin futhi yiziphi izivivinyo ezingenziwa? Ungase umangale ngenani lezimiso ezehlukene ezingathinta izinga lakho le-hemoglobin.
Incazelo
I-Hemoglobin iyiprotheni enamangqamuzana egazi abomvu (ama-RBC) aphethe i-oksijeni esuka emaphashini aya emathanjeni emzimbeni.
I-pigment e-hemoglobin ibangela umbala obomvu wegazi.
Isakhiwo
I-Hemoglobin iyiprotheni emangqamuzana egazi abomvu ayenziwe ngamaketanga amane. Ngamunye walezi zingxenyana ziqukethe i-compound eyaziwa ngokuthi i-heme, ebuye iqukethe i-iron, yilokho okuhambisa oksijeni egazini.
I-Hemoglobin inesibopho sokuma kwamaseli abomvu abomvu, okuvame ukubonakala njengama-donuts kodwa kunesikhungo esincane kunokuba umgodi. Ezimweni lapho i-hemoglobin engavamile, efana ne-sickle cell anemia, ukuma okungavamile kwamaseli abomvu kungabangela izinkinga.
Umsebenzi
I-Hemoglobin isebenza ngokubopha nokuthutha umoya-mpilo kusuka kuma-capillari emaphashini kuya kuzo zonke izicubu zomzimba.
Range evamile
I-hemoglobin level ngokuvamile ihlolwe njengengxenye yokubala okuphelele kwegazi (i-CBC) , Uhlobo olujwayelekile lwe-hemoglobin luyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi uneminyaka yobudala nobuni. Ibanga elilinganiselwe liyi-14-18 g / dl yindoda endala futhi i-12-16 g / dl yowesifazane omdala.
Izimo Nge-Hemoglobin Ephansi
Izinga eliphansi le-hemoglobin libhekwa njenge- anemia . Izimbangela ze-anemia zingabandakanya noma yini ephazamisa noma i-hemoglobin noma inani lamaseli abomvu asemzimbeni. Ngamaseli abomvu, khona-ke, kungase kube nokulahleka (njengokungena ekuphumeni kwegazi,) ukungabi khona kokukhiqizwa emnothweni wamathambo (kungenxa yokulimala emnothweni wamathambo noma ukuguqulwa komnkantsha ngamangqamuzana omzimba,) noma igazi elibomvu amangqamuzana angase aphulwe egazini ("i-hemolyzed.") Kunezimbangela eziningi ezingabangela i-hemoglobin ephansi ehlanganisa:
- Ukulahleka kwegazi: Lokhu kungase kwenzeke ngenxa yokuhlinzwa, izikhathi ezinzima zokuya esikhathini, ukulahlekelwa kwegazi kusuka emathangeni omzimba, noma noma iyiphi enye indlela yokuphuma kwegazi. Abesifazane abano-premenopausal banamathuba amaningi kunamadoda ukuba abe nezinga eliphansi le-hemoglobin ngenxa yokulahlekelwa yenyanga njalo ngenyanga.
- Ukuntuleka kokukhiqizwa emnothweni wamathambo, kungenxa yokuhluleka komnyofu (njengokunciphisa i-anemia,) noma ukungena komnyoba ngomdlavuza (njengama-leukemi noma i-lymphomas noma izicubu ezinamandla ezifana nomdlavuza webele we-metastatic.)
- Ukuphazamiseka kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu, njengalapho i-hemolytic anemia.
- Ukuntuleka kokudla okunomsoco noma ukungenwa ngokwanele kwensimbi ( ukungenwa kwe-anemia ) noma i-vitamin B12 (i-anemia enonya.)
- Isifo sezinso.
Izimo Nge-Hemoglobin Ephakeme
Kunezimo eziningana ezihambisana nezinga eliphezulu le-hemoglobin, kufaka phakathi:
- Izifo ezinamafutha ezifana ne- COPD ne -fibrosis ye-pulmonary .
- Isifo senhliziyo esibangelwayo (isifo senhliziyo esisekhona ngesikhathi sokuzalwa.)
- Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo efanele (cor pulmonale.)
- Izinga le-hemoglobin lingaphakanyiswa phezulu (libonakala liphakanyiswa kuphela) ngenxa yokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi.
Hemoglobins engavamile
Izimo lapho i-hemoglobin inesakhiwo esingavamile kufaka:
- I-sickle cell anemia : i-Sickle cell anemia yisimo esizuzwe njengefa lapho i-hemoglobin engavamile iveza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi afakwe njengezigulane. La maseli egazi abomvu angakwazi 'ukunamathela' emithanjeni yegazi eholela ezinkingeni eziningana.
- I-Thalassemia
Ezinye Izivivinyo Zokuhlola Izinga Le-Hemoglobin
Uma udokotela ephawula izinga eliphansi le-hemoglobin futhi ubuka ezinye izivivinyo zelabhu ezingasiza ekunqumeni imbangela. Lezi zihlanganisa inani elibomvu lesisindo segazi, ama- red indices indices njenge-MCHC (okusho ukuhlushwa kwe-hemoglobin corpuscular), i-MCH (i-mean hemoglobin corpuscular), ne-MCV (i-volume ye-corpuscular mean.) Izinga le-serum ferritin lingenziwa futhi elibonisa ezitolo zensimbi emzimbeni.
Ngaphansi
Uma uzwa nge-hemoglobin, ungase ucabange ngokuphuma kwegazi, ikakhulukazi ukuphuma esikhathini esiqine ukuphuma esikhathini. Kodwa kunezinkinga ezihlukahlukene ezingabangela i-hemoglobin ephakeme noma eyancipha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobo ezingavamile ze-hemoglobin ezingabangela izifo. Ukuze unqume imbangela ye-hemoglobin ephansi noma ephezulu, udokotela wakho uzobuza imibuzo, enze ukuhlola ngokomzimba, futhi abuke ezinye izivivinyo zegazi ngokuhambisana nezinga lakho le-hemoglobin.
Izibonelo: UFrank wayekhathele ngemuva kwe- chemotherapy , futhi i-oncologist yakhe yamtshela ukuthi i-hemoglobin yakhe yayincane.
> Imithombo:
> Umtapo Wezincwadi Wezempilo. I-MedlinePlus. I-hemoglobin. Kubuyekezwe 07/05/17. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003645.htm