Eyaziwayo, Okungenzeka, Nezizathu Ezingenzeka
Uma ucabanga ngezici zobungozi zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, cishe ukubhema kungumcabango wakho wokuqala. Kodwa kunezici eziningi ngaphezu kokubhema okwaziwa ukuthi kungabangela, noma mhlawumbe kunomthelela ekuthuthukiseni umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Kubaluleka kokwazi iziNengozi
Kungani kubalulekile ukuqaphela le ngozi? Kunezizathu ezimbalwa.
- Ukuvimbela - Ukuba nolwazi lokuthi into efana ne-radon noma amakhemikhali asebenzayo, noma umkhuba onjengokubhema kuphakamisa ingozi, abantu bangase babe nethuba elingcono lokugwema leyo ngozi, futhi
- Ukutholwa kokuqala - Ukusebenzisa lolu lwazi lwezinto ezibeka ingozi - kuhlanganise nalabo abangaziwa - abantu abasengozini yomdlavuza wamaphaphu bangaba nokuqwashisa okukhulu. Lokhu nokuqwashisa kungasiza abantu bazifundise ngokwabo izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kanye nokuthola ithuba lokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamapayipi uma lokhu kubonakala sengathi kufanelekile. Imigomo yamanje yokuhlola ixoxwe lapha ngezansi kwalesi sihloko, kodwa ngokusekelwe kwezinye izinto eziyingozi, wena nodokotela wakho bangathanda ukucubungula ukuhlola ngaphandle kwale mihlahlandlela.
Eyaziwayo, Izingozi Ezingenzeka, Nezikhona Zengozi Ye-Cancer Lung
Ngaphambi kokubeka uhlu lwezinto ezibeka ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ezinye izici ezingozini zomdlavuza wamaphaphu zicacile, kuyilapho ezinye zibhekwa nje ukuthi kungenzeka noma kungenzeka. Eminye imikhuba evamile, njengokubhema, kulula ukutadisha kunokunye ukuvezwa okungajwayelekile.
Kubalulekile futhi ukwenza umehluko phakathi kwe-causation nokulungiswa. Kungenxa yokuthi izinto ezimbili zihlangene, akusho ukuthi kukhona ukudala. Isibonelo esivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza umehluko phakathi kwesizathu sangempela kanye nokuhlangana okungahleliwe kuyisixhumanisi phakathi kwe-ayisikhilimu nokugcoba.
I-ayisikhilimu engeziwe idliwe ehlobo, futhi kuneziqu eziningi ehlobo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kukhona ukulungiswa phakathi kwe-ayisikhilimu nokugcoba kodwa akusho ukuthi i-ayisikhilimu ibangela ukugwinya.
Ukubhema
Ukubhema kubangela okungenani amaphesenti angu-80 okubulawa komdlavuza wamaphaphu e-United States. Nakuba ukubhema kwe-cigar kuyingozi kakhulu kunokubhema ugwayi, labo abavutha umusi ka-cigar banamathuba angaphezu kuka-11 kunokungabhemi ukuthuthukisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Ubudala
Ubudala buyinto ebalulekile engozini yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, njengoba umdlavuza wamaphaphu uba ovame kakhulu nokukhula kweminyaka. Lokho kusho ukuthi abantu abadala abasha futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nezingane zingakha umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
I-Radon
Ukuvelela ku-radon ekhaya kuyimbangela yesibili eholela emdlalweni wamaphaphu kanye nombangela oholela kubantu abangabhemi . I-Radon igesi elingenambala elingenabala elingena emakhaya ngokuqhekeka ezisekelweni eziqinile, amalunga ekwakhiwa, ukuphahlaza ezindongeni, izikhala ezinkampanini ezisemisiwe, izikhala ezizungeze amapayipi enkonzo, izikhala ngaphakathi kwezindonga kanye nokunikezwa kwamanzi. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuvezwa kwe-radon kuyisongo esingathà sina sezempilo ezinganeni nakumadoda nabesifazane abangaboni futhi kungase kwenzeke emakhaya abo. Kutholakala emakhaya kuwo wonke amazwe angu-50 nakwamanye amazwe, indlela kuphela yokukwazi ukuthi usengozini ukuthi ikhaya lakho lihlolwe .
Uma kutholakala i-radon, kunezindlela zokunciphisa amazinga .
Umsizi wesibili
Ukubhema kwentuthuko kuphakamisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu abangasondelene nabangaseduze ngamaphesenti angu-20 kuya ku-30% futhi unesibopho samacala angu-7 000 omdlavuza wamaphaphu minyaka yonke e-United States. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isifundo esikhulu seqembu elizoshicilelwa maduzane ku- Journal of the National Cancer Institute yabesifazane abangaphezu kuka-76 000 baqinisekisile ubudlelwane obuqinile phakathi komshini wokubhema nogwayi wamaphaphu kodwa abatholanga ukuxhumana phakathi kwesifo nokubhema komswakama.
Ukungcoliswa komoya
Ukubili ukungcoliswa komoya ngaphakathi nangaphandle kungabangela ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Ukungcola kwangaphandle kungabonakala sengathi kuyimbangela ecacile, kodwa ukungcola ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kokusetshenziswa kwamalahle ukupheka nokushisa nakho kuyimbangela ebalulekile engozini.
Amakhemikhali asezikhundleni nasemakhaya
Ukuvezwa kwamakhemikhali nezinto ezisemsebenzini, njenge-formaldehyde kanye ne-asbestos, i-silica, i-chromium, kubaluleke kakhulu engozini yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ikakhulukazi uma kuhlangene nokubhema.
Umsebenzi Wokuveza
Izilungiselelo eziningi zomsebenzi zingase ziveze izisebenzi kuma-carcinogens , okuholela engozini yokukhuphuka kwamaphaphu namanye amakhansela. Isibonelo, i-crystalline silica kanye ne-asbestos ka-chrysotile yizifo zomuntu ezidumile; njengoba kulindeleke, abasebenzi abatholwa uthuli lwe-silika kanye ne-asbestos fiber basengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Abavukuzi base-uranium nabasebenzi bezitshalo zenuzi bayaziwa nokuthi banomdlavuza wegazi wamaphaphu.
Izisusa Zezifo Zomzimba
Kuye kwaphawulwa iminyaka eminingi ukuthi umdlavuza wamaphaphu ubonakala ugijima eminye imindeni . Ngokusanda kutholakala ukuthi abantu abanokushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo eziningana (izinguquko ezisekhona ngesikhathi sokuzalwa) kungenzeka ukuthi banomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Umswakama
I-radiation, i-radi-radiation eyinhloko nemisebe ye-gamma njengesimo se-radiotherapy, imisebe yokuxilonga, kanye nemisebe yendawo yangemuva, iyinhlangano engozini yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Abantu abane-radiation therapy esifubeni samagciwane efana ne- Hodgkin's (uhlobo lwe-lymphoma) noma ukulandela i-mastectomy yomdlavuza webele kunomngcipheko wokwanda komdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ngemuva kwe-lumpectomy yomdlavuza webele akubonakali ukwandisa ingozi. Ingozi iphakeme lapho imisebe itholakele ngesikhathi esincane futhi ingahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi umthamo wemililo etholwe kanjani.
Izifo Zamafutha
Ngisho noma i-COPD (isifo se-chronic obstructive pulmonary) nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kokubili kubangelwa ukubhema, i-COPD ne- asthma kubonakala sengathi iyingozi yokuzibulala emdlalweni wamaphaphu. Kunomuzwa wokuthi i-fibrosis ye-pulmonary yandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngamaphesenti angama-40, futhi isifo sofuba sithathwa njengengozi engozini yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Imibandela Yezokwelapha
Abantu abane-Cancer abathile babonakala benengozi yokwanda komdlavuza wamaphaphu (kungenxa yezimbangela zofuzo, ukuvezwa okuvamile, noma imithi efana nemisebe). Lokhu kuhlanganisa isifo sikaHodgkin, i-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, umdlavuza we-testicular, i-sarcoma ye-uterine, isifo somdlavuza wekhanda nentamo, umdlavuza we-esophageal, umdlavuza wesibeletho, umdlavuza ongapheli we-lymphocytic, umdlavuza wesibeletho nomdlavuza wezinso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abanesandulela ngculazi, izifo ezizimele njenge-rheumatoid arthritis, kanye nabamukeli be-organ transplant futhi banomngcipheko owengeziwe wokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Ukudla kanye nezokudla
Inyama ephilile (isb. Umsizi, udada ocindezelweyo, ukwelashwa ingulube, njll) ukupheka okujulile okuthosiwe kanye nesilwane kuhlotshaniswa nengozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Nakuba ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuthi i-carotenoids yehlisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, imiphumela ibe yinkimbinkimbi, kanti abanye baye babonisa nokuthi izithako eziphezulu ze-vitamin A zingalimaza.
Utshwala
Ukusuka kokuhlaziywa okuhlanganisiwe kwamacala omdlavuza wamaphaphu angama-7 futhi angu-3137, ingozi enkulu kakhulu yomdlavuza wamaphaphu iboniswe phakathi kwabantu abadla okungenani ama-30 g / usuku lotshwala.
Ukuhlolwa kwesifo somdlavuza
Njengamanje, ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kunconywa kubantu abaneminyaka engama-55 no-80 ubudala, okungenani okungenani umlando waminyaka emithathu wepakethe yokubhema futhi baqhubeke bebhema noma beyeka ukubhema eminyakeni engu-15 edlule. Kuye ngokuthi kukhona ezinye izinto eziyingozi, wena nodokotela wakho ungabheka ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu ngaphandle kwale mihlahlandlela. Isibonelo, uma uye wabhekana namazinga aphezulu e-radon, ube ne-radiation therapy ye-lymphoma ema-20s, futhi ube ne-COPD, ingozi yakho yokudala umdlavuza wamaphaphu ingase ibe phezulu ngisho noma ungakaze upheze. Uma unezinye zezici eziyingozi ongase ufise ukuphrinta kulesi sihloko ukuletha nawe kudokotela wakho. Ngesikhathi samanje, cishe amaphesenti angu-40 abantu aqala ukutholwa ukuthi umdlavuza wamaphaphu usuvele uqhubekela phambili esigabeni 4-isigaba lapho ukuhlinzekwa okunokwelapha akunakwenzeka kanti izinga lokusinda iminyaka emihlanu liphakathi kwamaphesenti amabili nambili. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amanani okusinda ezinyathelo zokuqala zesifo esingazitholwa ngokuhlola ziphakeme kakhulu.
Imithombo:
Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Yiziphi Izingozi Ze-Cancer Lung Cancer? Kubuyekezwe 05/06/14.
Straif, K. I-IARC Monographs, Vol. 100: Ukubukeza nokuvuselelwa kwi-Occupational carcinogens . I-International Agency for Research on Cancer. 23 Okthoba 2010.
Takiguchi, Y. et al. Isifo se-lung obstructive pulmonary njengengozi engozini yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. I-World Journal of Oncology . 2014. 5 (4): 660-6.